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Computer Networks Exam Notes Overview

The document outlines key concepts in computer networks, focusing on multiple access techniques such as random access (ALOHA, CSMA), controlled access, and channelization methods (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA). It also covers wired and wireless LAN standards, including IEEE protocols for Ethernet and Wi-Fi, as well as network layer design issues, routing algorithms, congestion control, and connecting devices. Additionally, it discusses the structure of IP packets and the concept of VLANs for logical segmentation.

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4 views3 pages

Computer Networks Exam Notes Overview

The document outlines key concepts in computer networks, focusing on multiple access techniques such as random access (ALOHA, CSMA), controlled access, and channelization methods (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA). It also covers wired and wireless LAN standards, including IEEE protocols for Ethernet and Wi-Fi, as well as network layer design issues, routing algorithms, congestion control, and connecting devices. Additionally, it discusses the structure of IP packets and the concept of VLANs for logical segmentation.

Uploaded by

kaamfordg
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Computer Networks - Semester Exam Notes

Multiple Access Techniques

1. Random Access:

- Stations transmit at will; collisions may occur.

- Types:

- ALOHA: Pure and Slotted.

- CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access): Senses channel before sending.

- CSMA/CD (Collision Detection): Used in wired LANs like Ethernet.

- CSMA/CA (Collision Avoidance): Used in wireless LANs (e.g., Wi-Fi).

2. Controlled Access:

- Stations take turns to transmit (polling, token passing).

3. Channelization:

- Bandwidth is shared among users using division techniques.

- Types: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA (uses codes to distinguish users).

(Block diagrams for ALOHA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, and CDMA will be added later.)

Wired LANs

- IEEE Standards: Define the protocols and technologies for LANs.

- Standard Ethernet (IEEE 802.3): 10 Mbps.

- Fast Ethernet: 100 Mbps.

- Gigabit Ethernet: 1 Gbps and higher.


Computer Networks - Semester Exam Notes

(Block diagram of Ethernet frame format will be added later.)

Wireless LANs

- IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi): Wireless LAN standard with various versions (a/b/g/n/ac/ax).

- Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15): Short-range wireless communication.

- IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX): Broadband wireless access.

(Block diagram of 802.11 architecture will be added later.)

Network Layer

1. Design Issues:

- Packetizing, addressing, routing, error handling.

2. Routing Algorithms:

- Static and dynamic.

- Examples: Dijkstra's (link-state), Bellman-Ford (distance vector).

3. Congestion Control:

- Algorithms to prevent network overload: Leaky bucket, Token bucket.

4. Internetworking - TCP/IP:

- Suite of protocols used to interconnect networks.


Computer Networks - Semester Exam Notes

5. IP Packet:

- Header + Data.

- IPv4: 32-bit addresses.

- IPv6: 128-bit addresses.

6. Connecting Devices:

- Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway.

7. VLAN (Virtual LAN):

- Logical segmentation of LANs within switches.

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