Cloud Computing
(PECO8013T)
Unit-VII
Migration to Cloud
By:- Dr. D. R. Patil
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Syllabus
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Syllabus
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Books
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Scheme
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• Outline
• Migration to Cloud
• Cloud models suitable for different categories of users,
• Considerations for choosing applications suitable for
cloud,
• Different phases to adopt the cloud.
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• Migration to Cloud
• Cloud computing provides organizations with tools,
storage, security, software, and services to accelerate
business objectives.
• To take advantage of it, organizations often need to
migrate their core systems, databases, and
applications to the cloud.
• Cloud migration is the process of moving applications,
data, infrastructure, security, and other objects to a
cloud computing environment.
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• Migration to Cloud
• Typically companies are moving data, applications, and
IT workloads from on-premises servers to the public
cloud, but cloud migration also includes moving data
and applications from one cloud provider to another.
• Once migrated, systems might remain as is, or go
through ongoing optimization and modernization.
• Cloud migration can also work in the reverse, from a
cloud provider back to on-premises servers.
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• Why migrate to the cloud?
• Some of the biggest reasons to migrate to the cloud are to
reduce costs and optimize infrastructure.
• Migrating to the cloud can help organizations move
spending from a capital expenditure model to an
operational expenditure model, reducing the need to own,
operate, maintain, and refresh expensive equipment in
on-premises data centers.
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• Why migrate to the cloud?
• Migrating to the cloud can help companies improve
performance and increase uptime.
• The cloud also helps companies modernize workloads,
avoiding burdensome licensing fees from legacy
applications.
• The cloud can help organizations safeguard their data
while increasing governance and compliance with
regulators across the globe.
• Organizations also migrate to the cloud to:
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• Why migrate to the cloud?
• Unlock data analytics
• Migrating existing apps to the cloud can help businesses
create more value out of tools they already use, such as
CRM, SAP, marketing databases, and more.
• Getting these systems modernized in the cloud helps
companies unlock their data and find new business
opportunities while increasing organizational agility to
address problems.
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• Why migrate to the cloud?
• Increase agility
• The cloud provides organizations with on-demand IT
resources, so they don’t have to wait weeks or months to
build apps or install on-premises hardware.
• The cloud enables organizations to adapt to market
changes and competitor actions much more quickly,
increasing flexibility for go-to-market strategies.
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• Why migrate to the cloud?
• Consolidate and modernize data
• By moving away from on-premises data centers,
companies have the opportunity to consolidate their data
and organize it in a universal data platform, opening up
opportunities for more robust and sophisticated digital
transformations.
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• What are the cloud migration types?
• Organizations can choose from different types of cloud
migrations, depending on their goals and objectives.
• Full data center exit
• A full data center exit migration is the process of moving
all applications, services, and datasets from one or more
data centers to a public cloud.
• Depending on the size of the organization, a full data
center exit can be a long process requiring more than a
year of planning, testing, and execution.
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• What are the cloud migration types?
• Migrating from one cloud to another
• An organization may want to move from one cloud vendor
to another for a variety of reasons, including changes in
service level agreements, better security practices, or for
access to more advanced artificial intelligence and
machine learning tools.
• Major vendors will typically have toolsets, services and
lists of third-party vendors that can help an organization
move from one public cloud provider to another.
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• What are the cloud migration types?
• Migrating specific applications or datasets
• Instead of a full data center exit, organizations may wish
to migrate some of their software, services, or datasets
from on-premises servers to the cloud where they can be
more efficient and easily managed.
• Business intelligence, data analytics, customer resource
management (CRM), machine learning and artificial
intelligence apps, and datasets are typical types of
applications that are migrated to public clouds.
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• What are the cloud migration types?
• Migrating specific workloads
• More targeted migrations can consist of just a specific
type of workload, which are resources running in the
cloud that consume some type of resource, such as
computing power or storage capacity.
• Examples include development environments, document
creation and management, distributed databases, 3D
modeling, or video encoding.
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• How does the cloud migration process work?
• Cloud migration is a multi-phase process that includes
assessment, planning, migration, and
optimization/modernization.
• A holistic, end-to-end migration program helps
organizations lower risk, control costs, and simplify the
path to cloud success.
• Organizations have several options when beginning the
cloud migration process.
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• How does the cloud migration process work?
• They can try to do it themselves with existing employees;
they can partner with the public cloud vendor and utilize
its suite of migration tools; and they can employ third-
party migration partners to provide technical expertise and
support.
• A thorough checklist can provide a roadmap that
organizations can follow to ease the migration to the
cloud. A checklist can include the following items and
more.
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• How does the cloud migration process work?
• Assess
• Define the resources and capacity of applications
• Create a list of applications, who uses them and how
often
• Identify key stakeholders early in the process
• Determine which applications are cloud eligible
• Specify security and compliance requirements
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• How does the cloud migration process work?
• Plan
• Pick a strategy for each application
• Design cloud infrastructure such as compute, networking,
security, storage, etc.
• Identify the capabilities of the workloads that will be
migrating
• Create migration plans for apps and their data
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• How does the cloud migration process work?
• Test
• Devise a testing strategy before beginning migration
• Test data migration and synchronization
• Validate security controls
• Document necessary changes to be done as part of the
migration
• Plan the time for application cutover
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• How does the cloud migration process work?
• Migrate
• Migrate according to the plan for each app, workload, and
instance
• Migrate in stages, executing each wave, then validating in
the cloud
• Apply lessons learned from one way to the next wave
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• How does the cloud migration process work?
• Optimize and modernize
• Monitor application and cloud usage
• Optimize user experience
• Monitor cloud costs and adjust as needed
• Upgrade apps and systems to more modern solutions,
like PaaS or SaaS
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• Migration Strategies
• The most common migration strategies exist on a
spectrum from a straight migration with little to no
changes to apps and virtual machines (rehosting), to a
complete rethinking of the entire digital infrastructure
(re-architecting or replatforming).
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• Migration Strategies
• Rehost: lift and shift
• A rehosting cloud migration strategy aims to make as few changes
during the migration as possible, redeploying applications to the
cloud without making substantial changes to how they are
configured.
• It is the most straightforward cloud migration strategy where
administrators just “lift” their applications, workloads, virtual
machines, and server operating systems and “shift” them to the
new operating model in the public cloud.
• The same software that was running in the data center is now
running in the cloud.
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• Migration Strategies
• Rehost: lift and shift
• The drawback to a rehosting strategy is that it often does not take
advantage of all the cloud-native capabilities and efficiencies that
make public clouds so powerful and useful.
• A rehosting migration strategy is best for organizations with
predictable peak usage patterns (like the tax industry or food
delivery), and is also commonly a ‘first step’ in a larger digital
transformation project.
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• Migration Strategies
• Replatform: lift and optimize
• A replatforming cloud strategy is the next step from a rehosting
strategy, lifting the existing applications, workloads, and virtual
machines and then optimizing them for the new cloud
environment.
• For instance, a service may replatform a workload to the cloud to
be able to take advantage of cloud-based microservice
architecture, or containers like Kubernetes.
• The benefit of a replatforming cloud migration strategy is that the
applications will have higher performance and more efficiency
running in the cloud.
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• Migration Strategies
• Replatform: lift and optimize
• The drawback is that replatforming takes more work to accomplish
than a straight lift and shift.
• The new cloud platform will have a different underlying code base,
which will mean several rounds of testing to make sure everything
is running at its optimal level.
• A replatforming cloud migration strategy is best for organizations
that want to take advantage of all the core competencies of the
cloud such as elastic computing, redundancy, improved
performance, and security.
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• Migration Strategies
• Refactor: move and improve
• A refactoring cloud migration strategy means taking applications
and re-engineering them to be cloud-native.
• Refactoring often means changing the code of an application
without altering its front-end behavior or experience.
• For example, a refactored application may be broken up from long
strings of code into more modular pieces that can better take
advantage of cloud capabilities, thus improving the performance of
the code.
• A refactoring strategy is often driven by the need to give existing
applications new capabilities, such as increasing scalability, adding
machine learning or artificial intelligence capabilities, or faster and
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more intuitive data analysis.
• Migration Strategies
• Refactor: move and improve
• Refactoring can be more complex than rehosting, but also allows
an organization to set priorities on which applications are moved
based on business needs, giving companies greater flexibility and
the ability to keep up with the competitive ecosystem.
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• Migration Strategies
• Re-architect
• A re-architecting cloud migration strategy is similar to refactoring
but instead of restructuring how the application’s code works, it
changes how that code functions in order to optimize the
application and take advantage of cloud-native properties like
scalability, security, and agility.
• One example of re-architecting an application is to take one large,
monolithic application and turn it into several independent
microservices.
• Re-architecting takes more time and effort than refactoring,
increasing complexity while potentially introducing bugs or security
issues into the new applications.
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• Migration Strategies
• Rebuild
• A rebuilding cloud migration strategy is when an organization takes
an application and rewrites it entirely for the cloud.
• It is often easier to build an application from scratch than it is to
refactor its old code to work in a cloud environment.
• A rebuilding strategy allows an organization to plan from the
ground up, choosing which cloud-native tools and capabilities to
utilize from the beginning.
• The drawback in a rebuilding strategy is that it takes time and can
introduce bugs or other performance issues that developers had
not encountered in the legacy version of the app.
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• Migration Strategies
• Repurchase
• A repurchasing cloud migration strategy is when an organization
moves from a purchased on-premises application to cloud-hosted
Software-as-a-Service equivalent.
• For instance, moving from on-premises collaboration software and
local storage to Google Workspace’s cloud-hosted apps like Docs,
Sheets, Slides, and Google Drive.
• From a resources perspective, a repurchasing strategy can be a
lot easier than refactoring, rebuilding, or re-architecting.
• The drawback to a repurchasing strategy is that it can be a lot
more expensive and organizations do not get the granular features
of controlling their own cloud environments.
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• Benefits of cloud migration
• The most prominent outcomes organizations
experience after they have migrated to the cloud are
improved performance, security, and scalability for
workloads, as well as easier IT operations and cost
management.
• It also means that the cloud provider's IT teams are
helping co-manage an organization’s systems,
reducing some of the burden on internal IT teams when
systems are all on-premises.
• Additional benefits of migrating to the cloud include:
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• Benefits of cloud migration
• Improved security
• Managing operations through the cloud allows
organizations to take advantage of the cloud provider’s
security tools and services, such as identity and access
management, encryption key management, data loss
management, and zero-trust architecture.
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• Benefits of cloud migration
• Optimized performance
• Core systems and applications typically perform better
and more reliably in the cloud than on legacy
infrastructure, as cloud vendors consistently update
and optimize their hardware.
• Increased performance can help organizations provide
better customer experience while freeing internal
resources to work on higher priority tasks.
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• Benefits of cloud migration
• Accelerated application development
• Organizations typically experience an increase in
developer efficiency and faster application development
after migrating to the cloud.
• Cloud-native apps can also perform more reliably, with
reduced downtime.
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• Benefits of cloud migration
• Lower costs
• As migrating to the cloud changes an organization’s
spending from a capital to an operational expenditure
model, it can be easier to manage costs on an ongoing
basis.
• The cloud allows organizations to adopt tools like SaaS
apps and elastic usage models that can be ramped up
or down depending on what is needed at the time.
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• Benefits of cloud migration
• Improved infrastructure management
• By refactoring workloads and modernizing operations
by using cloud-native tools like Kubernetes,
organizations are able to streamline the management
of their infrastructure.
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• Benefits of cloud migration
• Manage end-of-life cycles
• Hardware and software typically have a definitive
period of time where they are useful to an organization.
• Eventually all hardware and software must meet its
end-of-life.
• Rigid licensing agreements and long-term contracts
historically have made dealing with end-of-life cycles a
cumbersome and expensive process.
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• Challenges of cloud migration
• Devising a clear strategy
• Full-scale migrations to the cloud can be complicated, multi-year
operations.
• Going into a cloud migration, organizations need clear goals and
attainable business objectives to aim towards while the migration
is taking place.
• Organizations should have an understanding of what their cloud
environment will look like at the end of the migration, such as if it
will be a public, private, hybrid, or multicloud ecosystem.
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• Challenges of cloud migration
• Training or reskilling employees
• Organizing IT operations in the cloud is different from running the
same processes in on-premises environments.
• The cloud simplifies the use of operating models such as DevOps,
automation, and infrastructure as code.
• Organizations will need to hire or retrain employees to perform
necessary functions in a cloud environment.
• During the migration, organizations should allocate time for
employees to train on cloud environments and obtain new
certifications.
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• Challenges of cloud migration
• Security, compliance, and governance
• Security practices change when migrating between an on-
premises environment and the cloud.
• Identity and access management becomes much more important
in the cloud, which can create complexities for IT administrators.
• Organizations need to understand new security tools and best
practices, such as instituting data loss prevention and zero-trust
architectures.
• Even with robust security tools, it is the responsibility of the
organization to tackle challenges around data governance and
compliance policies when moving data from one environment to
another.
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• Challenges of cloud migration
• Comprehending costs
• Migrating to the cloud changes the operating model of an
organization. With many moving parts, understanding all the new
costs and expenditures can be daunting.
• Cost management becomes an ongoing challenge with cloud
migration such as understanding new fee structures, billing cycles,
resource consumption, software subscriptions, and calculating
additional support and training.
• When migrating to the cloud, companies sometimes overprovision
resources, and thus initially overspend on cloud resources. Some
cloud providers offer proactive recommendations to help
organizations adjust cloud costs and budgets.
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