Microprocessor and Interfacing
(MPI)
GTU # 3160712
Unit-2:
Microprocessor
Architecture &
Operations Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Subject Overview
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Sr. No. Unit % Weightage
1 Introduction to Microprocessor 8%
2 Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 7%
3 8085 Microprocessor 12%
4 Assembly Language Programming Basics 13%
5 8085 Assembly Language Programs 12%
6 Stack & Subroutines 13%
7 I/O Interfacing 20%
8 Advanced Microprocessors 15%
Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 2
Topics
Loopingto be covered
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
▪ Microprocessor Architecture and Operations
▪ Memory
▪ I/O devices
▪ Memory and I/O operations
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Microprocessor Architecture and
Operations
Microprocessor Architecture and Operations
A microprocessor is the central processing unit Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
(CPU) and heart of a computer.
Processing of program instructions and data occurs
within Microprocessor.
A basic computer consists of a
microprocessor
external memory
input and output devices
Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 5
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Architecture of a Basic
Microprocessor
Architecture of a Basic Microprocessor
Microprocessor is a controlling unit. Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
It is a small chip capable of performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) operations and
communicating with the other devices connected to it.
Microprocessor consists of an ALU, register array, and a control unit.
ALU performs arithmetical and logical operations on the data received from the memory or an
input device.
Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 7
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
How does a Microprocessor
Work?
How does a Microprocessor Work?
Microprocessor accepts binary data as input, Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
processes data, and then provides output
based on the instructions stored in the
memory.
The microprocessor follows a sequence:
Fetch, Decode, and then Execute.
Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 9
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Operations carried out by
Microprocessor
Operations carried out by Microprocessor
1. Memory Read/Write Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
2. IO Read/Write
3. Fetch operation
4. Decode operation
5. Instruction Execution
6. Parallel Processing
7. Memory Management
8. Synchronization
9. Sending Timing and Control Signal
Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 11
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Role of clock in Microprocessor
Role of clock in Microprocessor.
Every microprocessor has an internal clock that regulates Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
the speed at which it executes instructions and also
synchronizes it with other components.
Synchronization: Synchronization is the coordination of
events to operate a system in unison.
The speed at which the microprocessor executes
instructions is called clock speed.
Clock speeds are measured in MHz or GHz where 1 MHz
means 1 million cycles per second whereas 1 GHz equals
to 1 billion cycles per second.
Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 13
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Classification of Memory
Classification of Memory
Memory
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Primary Storage Memory
Memory Secondary Backup
Storage Storage
R/W Semi-random Serial
ROM Access Access
Memory
Erasable Permanent Disks
Memory Memory
Static R/W Dynamic Magnetic
M R/W M Floppy Tape
EPROM Hard
Non- Integrated EE-PROM Masked ROM CD-ROM
Volatile RAM Flash M PROM Zip Disk
Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 15
Classification of Memory
Primary Memory High speed and low latency memory but cost is higher and storage capacity
Positive Vibes:MPI is lower.
is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
It is volatile memory, so if power failure occurs the content of memory will be lost.
Secondary Memory It is non-volatile auxiliary memory. It is a permanent storage space to hold huge amount of data.
It is comparatively cheaper and slower compared to main memory.
Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 16
References
Book: Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085, Ramesh
Positive Vibes:MPI S. easiest and scoring subject.
is the interesting,
Gaonkar Pub: Penram International
Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 17
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Thank You