Microprocessor and Interfacing

(MPI)
GTU # 3160712

Unit-1:
Introduction to
Microprocessor
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
 Topics
Loopingto be covered
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

▪ What is a Microprocessor?
▪ Basic concepts of Microprocessor
▪ Comparison Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
▪ System Bus
▪ Microprocessor systems with bus organization
 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

What is a Microprocessor?
What is a Microprocessor?
Definition: Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

“The Microprocessor is a
Can perform Multipurpose, Can be instructed
multiple tasks
Programmable, to perform
specific task
Provides
Synchronization
Clock Driven, Store
Register Based, Intermediate
Form of an Processing data
Integrated
Digital-Integrated Circuit
circuit (IC) which accepts binary data as input,
processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as
output.”

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 4

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Basic concepts of Microprocessor

Basic concepts of Microprocessor
 Microprocessor is a computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip that contains
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

millions of transistors connected by wires.

Processor No. of transistors

Intel 8085 6500
Pentium IV 42 million
Core i3 1.4 Billion
Core i7 1.7 Billion

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 6

Basic concepts of Microprocessor
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Microprocessor Silicon chip which includes ALU,

Register circuits & Control circuits

Microprocessor

Registers

Control
Logic

ALU

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 7

Basic concepts of Microprocessor
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Silicon chip which includes

Microcontroller microprocessor, memory & I/O in a
single package.

Microcontroller

RAM

Micro
ROM
Processor

I/O

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 8

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Microprocessor vs Microcontroller
Microprocessor vs Microcontroller

Microprocessor Microcontroller
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It is vital part of computer system. It is vital part of embedded system.

It contain CPU inside it but does not contain It has CPU, fixed size of RAM, ROM and
on chip RAM, ROM and other peripherals. peripherals mounted on a single chip.
It is multipurpose device which performs It is designed for specific task with fixed
several tasks. input, processing and output.
E.g. Software development, word E.g. Operating a washing machine, handling
processing, playing games, surfing etc. mouse click event etc.
It operates at high speed compared to It operates at comparatively lower speed
microcontroller. than microprocessor.
E.g. Clock speed of latest microprocessor is E.g. Clock speed is measured in MHz.
measured in GHz.
Application: Application:
Desktop PC’s, Laptops, notepads etc. Microwave oven, washing machine, remote
control, Mouse etc.

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 10

Basic concepts of Microprocessors
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

A small computer with a

Microcomputer microprocessor as its CPU.
Includes memory, I/O etc.
Microcomputer

RAM

Micro
Keyboard ROM Display
processor

I/O

Que:Explain the difference between a microprocessor and a microcomputer.

[3-marks, GTU Exam Winter 2018]
Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 11
Microprocessor, Microcontroller and Microcomputer
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 12

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Components of Microprocessor
Components of Microprocessor
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• Brain of the Small additional
computer. memory location,
• Performs which are used to
Arithmetic and
Arithmetic store and transfer
Logical operations and Register data.
Logical Array
Unit (ALU)

Control Unit

• It controls and executes the flow of data between

the microprocessor, memory and peripherals.
• Signal permits the CPU to receive or transmit data.

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 14

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

System bus
System bus
 The network of wires or electronic pathways is known as 'Bus'. Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

 The technique was developed to reduce costs and improve modularity.

 Classification
1. Address Bus - Transfer Address

2. Data Bus - Transfer Data

3. Control Bus - Transfer Control Signal

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 16

System bus
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

CPU Memory Input/Output

Control Bus

Address Bus

Data Bus

System Bus

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 17

Address bus
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

CPU Memory Input/Output

Control Bus

Address Bus

Data Bus

System Bus

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 18

Address bus
 Transfers the addresses of Memory or I/O Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

devices.
 Address bus is unidirectional.
 The maximum address capacity is equal to
two to the power of the number of lines
present (2lines).
E.g. 8085 has 16-address lines
 Maximum address capacity
216 = 65536 bytes

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 19

Data bus
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

CPU Memory Input/Output

Control Bus

Address Bus

Data Bus

System Bus

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 20

Data bus
 It is used to transfer data within Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Microprocessor and Memory/IO devices.

 Data Bus is bidirectional as Microprocessor
requires to send and receive data.
 Each wire of data bus is used to transfer the
data corresponding to a single bit of binary
data.

E.g. 8085 has 8 - data lines

8085 is known as 8-bit processor

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 21

System bus
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

CPU Memory Input/Output

Control Bus

Address Bus

Data Bus

System Bus

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 22

Control bus
 Microprocessor uses control bus to process Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

data.
i.e. what to do with the selected memory
location.
 Some control signals are Read, Write and
Opcode fetch etc.
 Control Bus is bidirectional.
 This is a dedicated bus, because all timing
signals are generated according to control
signal.

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 23

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Microprocessor systems with

bus organization
Microprocessor systems with bus organization
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Input/Output
Arithmetic
and Register
Logical Array System Bus
Unit (ALU)

Control Unit Memory

ROM RAM

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 25

Microprocessor systems with bus organization
 In most simplified form a microprocessor Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

based system consist of a Microprocessor,

I/O (Input/Output) device and Memory.
 These components are interfaced
(connected) with microprocessor over a
common communication path called
system bus.
 Microprocessor is master of the system
and responsible for executing the program.

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 26

Microprocessor systems with bus organization
 Memory is responsible for storing program as Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

well as data.
 System generally consists of two types of
memories:
ROM (Read only and non-volatile) and
RAM (Read/write and volatile)
 I/O devices are used to communicate with the
outer environment.
 Example of input device: keyboard, mouse.
Example of output device: monitor, printer.

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 27

GTU Exam Questions
Sr Questions Marks
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject. Year
1. Explain the difference between a microprocessor and a microcomputer. 3 W’18
2. How can you determines that Microprocessor is an 8, 16 or 32 bit. 3 W’19
3. List and specify the various features of microprocessor, memory and I/O devices including concepts of system 7 W’19
bus.

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 28

References
Book: Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085, Ramesh
Positive Vibes:MPI S. easiest and scoring subject.
is the interesting,

Gaonkar Pub: Penram International

Unit 1 – Introduction to Microprocessor 29

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Thank You