What is a Sewage Treatment Plant
Introduction:
Sewage treatment plants collect, treat, and discharge wastewater, providing a
service essential to environmental and public health.
Without adequate treatment, sewage will leach into the environment and
contaminate ecosystems. For example, sewage contains bacteria and chemicals
that break down using oxygen in the water. In doing so, they use oxygen that fish
and aquatic life needs to survive, so it needs treatment to preserve the
ecosystem.
Returning sewage/wastewater to a specified quality for safe discharge is the
most crucial role of the sewage treatment plant.
How does a sewage treatment plant work?
Sewage treatment plants run wastewater through multiple treatment
stages.
After preliminary filtration, there are three main stages of waste water
treatment (primary, secondary, and tertiary), with the third stage reserved
for polishing.
Stages of waste water treatment plant
Preliminary treatment Secondary treatment Tertiary treatment
Sewage enters the plant Secondary treatment is the • Wastewater is considered
network, pushed through biological treatment stage clean after secondary
various screens to remove that breaks down organic
large solids and waste, with treatment, but tertiary
contaminants in wastewater.
grit removed by flow treatment returns it to an even
The two most frequently
attenuation. The purpose of higher quality for release in
used processes are activated
this stage is to filter the sludge (aerated ponds) and protected waters.
sewage of debris, sand, grit, filter beds (sewage tricked Types of tertiary treatment
and large particles. over aggregate), where ‘good’ include:
Primary stage: bacteria in the Microfiltration (where water
The primary stage involves Sludge/aggregate break down passes through tiny holes at high
separating solids from the pathogens in the pressure).
liquids. The sewage is wastewater. Ion exchange (where ions in the
pumped into After secondary treatment, water are exchanged for other
sedimentation tanks, where wastewater can sometimes be ions).
gravity forces solids to the released, providing there’s a Activated carbon adsorption
bottom of the tank. The low risk to human and
water is then released, (which removes organics).
animal life and the
leaving behind a environment. Disinfection (where UV light or
sludge/slurry. chemicals kill organic pathogens
leftover).
Types of STP
Sequencing Batch
Reactor (SBR) Moving bed bio
reactor(MBBR)
Membrane Bioreactor Extended
(MBR)) Aeration (EA)
wetland sewage treatment Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant
Stages
[Link] 2. Aeration 3. Settling
4. Decanting 5. Idling 6. Sludge wasting
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
Membrane Bioreactors combine conventional biological treatment e.g. activated
sludge) processes with membrane filtration to provide an advanced level of organic and
suspended solids removal.
In an MBR system, the membranes are submerged in an aerated biological reactor.
The membranes have porosities ranging from 0.035 microns to 0.4 microns
(depending on the manufacturer), which is considered between micro and
ultrafiltration.
This level of filtration allows for high quality effluent to be drawn through the
membranes and eliminates the sedimentation and filtration processes typically
used for wastewater treatment.
The need for sedimentation is eliminated.
The biological process can operate at a much higher mixed liquor
concentration.
MLSS(the concentration of suspended solids, in an aeration tank during
the activated sludge process)
Membrane Bioreactor systems are widely used in municipal and industrial
wastewater treatment plants.
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
MBBR Plastic media
This method makes it possible to attain good efficiency results of disposal with low
energy consumption.
This process is used for the removal of organic substances, nitrification and
denitrification.
With this application we offer advanced wastewater treatment solutions for the industrial
and municipal markets.
These solutions significantly increase the capacity and efficiency of existing wastewater
treatment plants.
The MBBR system consists of an activated sludge aeration system where the sludge is
collected on recycled plastic carriers.
These carriers have an internal large surface for optimal contact water, air and bacteria.
The bacteria/activated sludge grow on the internal surface of the carriers.
The bacteria break down the organic matter from the waste water.
The aeration system keeps the carriers with activated sludge in motion.
Only the extra amount of bacteria growth, the excess sludge will come separate from the
carriers and will flow with the treated water towards the final separator.
Industrial applications
• Capacity increase
• Quality Improvement – BOD & Nitrogen Removal
• Fast recovery from Process Upsets
• Limited Footprint
• Future Expansion
• Minimize Process Complexity and Operator Attention
Benefits
• Economical very attractive
• Compact (saves space)
• Maintenance-friendly
• Strong
• High volume load
• Simply to extend
• Financial savings on discharge costs
Wetland Sewage Treatment Plant
Through the process of water flow through the constructed wetland, plant roots and
the substrate remove the larger particles present in the wastewater.
Pollutants and nutrients present in the wastewater are then naturally broken down
and taken up by the bacteria and plants, thereby removing them from the water.
Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant
Package treatment plant is a method of sewage treatment which uses physical,
chemical and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological
pollutants/contaminants.
Package sewage treatment plant is beneficial for the areas like small town ships, hotels,
villas, restaurants in their premise.
In the packaged STP all the stages will carry out in only one tank.
Thank you
For Your Attention
-------Vinay Mahipal