CLASS -XII B

HOLIDAY HOMEWORK (2025-26)

BUSINESS STUDIES

PROJECT WORK
Students are supposed to select any one unit out of the four and are required to make only ONE project
from the selected unit. (Consist of one project of 20 marks)
I. Project One: Elements of Business Environment
II. Project Two: Principles of Management
III. Project Three: Stock Exchange
IV. Project Four: Marketing

I. Project One: Elements of Business Environment

You have to select any one element of the following:
1. Changes witnessed over the last few years on mode of packaging and its economic impact.
a) The changes in transportation of fruits and vegetables such as cardboard crates being used in place of
wooden crates, etc. Reasons for above changes.
b) Milk being supplied in glass bottles, later in plastic bags and now in tetra-pack and through vending
machines.
c) Plastic furniture [doors and stools] gaining preference over wooden furniture.
d) The origin of cardboard and the various stages of changes and growth.
e) Brown paper bags packing to recycled paper bags to plastic bags and cloth bags.
f) Re use of packaging [bottles, jars and tins] to attract customers for their products.
g) The concept of pyramid packaging for milk.
h) Cost being borne by the consumer/manufacturer.
i) Packaging used as means of advertisements.

2. The reasons behind changes in the following:

Coca – Cola and Fanta in the seventies to Thums up and Campa Cola in the eighties to
Pepsi and Coke in nineties.
Students should know when India banned Coca Cola and Fanta which were being manufactured in India by
the foreign companies.
The students may be asked to enquire about:-
a) Reasons of stopping the manufacturing of the above mentioned drinks in India THEN.
b) The introduction of Thums up and Campa cola range.
c) Re-entry of Coke and introduction of Pepsi in the Indian market.
d) Factors responsible for the change.
e) Other linkages with the above.
f) Leading brands and the company having the highest market share.
g) Different local brands venturing in the Indian market.
h) The rating of the above brands in the market.
i) The survival and reasons of failure in competition with the international brands.
j) Other observations made by the students
3. Changing role of the women in the past 25 years relating to joint families, nuclear families, women as a
bread earner of the family, changes in the requirement trend of mixers, washing machines, micro wave and
standard of living.
4. The changes in the pattern of import and export of different products.
5. The trend in the changing interest rates and their effect on savings.
6. A study on child labour laws, its implementation and consequences.
7. The state of ‘anti plastic campaign,’ the law, its effects and implementation.
8. The laws of mining /setting up of industries, rules and regulations, licences required for running that
business.
9. Social factors affecting acceptance and rejection of an identified product. (Dish
washer, Atta maker, etc)
10. What has the effect of change in environment on the types of goods and services?
The students can take examples like:
a) Washing machines, micro waves, mixers and grinder.
b) Need for crèche, day care centre for young and old.
c) Ready to eat food, eating food outside, and tiffin centres.
11. Change in the man-machine ratio with technological advances resulting in change of cost structure.
12. Effect of changes in technological environment on the behaviour of employee.

II. Project Two: Principles of Management

The students are required to visit any one of the following:
1. A departmental store.
2. An Industrial unit.
3. A fast food outlet.
4. Any other organisation approved by the teacher.
They are required to observe the application of the general Principles of management
advocated by Fayol.
Fayol’s principles
1. Division of work.
2. Unity of command.
3. Unity of direction.
4. Scalar chain
5. Espirit de corps
6. Fair remuneration to all.
7. Order.
8. Equity.
9. Discipline
10. Subordination of individual interest to general interest.
11. Initiative.
12. Centralisation and decentralisation.
13. Stability of tenure.
14. Authority and Responsibility
OR
They may enquire into the application of scientific management techniques by F.W.
Taylor in the unit visited.
Scientific techniques of management.
1. Functional foremanship.
2. Standardisation and simplification of work.
3. Method study.
4. Motion Study.
5. Time Study.
6. Fatigue Study
7. Differential piece rate plan.
III. Project Three: Stock Exchange
The purpose of this project is to teach school students the values of investing and utilising the stock market.
This project also teaches important lessons about the economy, mathematics and financial responsibility.
The basis of this project is to learn about the stock market while investing a specified amount of fake money
in certain stocks. Students then study the results and buy and sell as they see fit.
This project will also guide the students and provide them with the supplies necessary to successfully
monitor stock market trends and will teach students how to calculate profit and loss on stock.
The project work will enable the students to:
• understand the topics like sources of business finance and capital market
• understand the concepts used in stock exchange
• inculcate the habit of watching business channels, reading business
• journals/newspapers and seeking information from their elders.
The students are expected to:
a) Develop a brief report on History of Stock Exchanges in India. (your country)
b) Prepare a list of at least 25 companies listed on a Stock Exchange.
c) To make an imaginary portfolio totalling a sum of Rs. 50,000 equally in any of the 5 companies of their
choice listed above over a period of twenty working days.
The students may be required to report the prices of the stocks on daily basis and
present it diagrammatically on the graph paper.
• They will understand the weekly holidays and the holidays under the Negotiable Instruments Act.
• They will also come across with terms like closing prices, opening prices, etc.
• During this period of recording students are supposed to distinctively record the daily and starting
and closing prices of the week other days under the negotiable instrument act so that they acquire
knowledge about closing and opening prices.
The students may conclude by identifying the causes in the fluctuations of prices. Normally it would be
related to the front-page news of a business journal, for example,
• Change of seasons.
• Festivals.
• Spread of epidemic.
• Strikes and accidents
• Natural and human disasters.
• Political environment.
• Lack of faith in the government policies.
• Impact of changes in government policies for specific industry.
• International events.
• Contract and treaties at the international scene.
• Relations with the neighbouring countries.
• Crisis in developed countries, etc.
The students are expected to find the value of their investments and accordingly rearrange their portfolio.
The project work should cover the following aspects;
1. Graphical presentation of the share prices of different companies on different dates.
2. Change in market value of shares due to change of seasons, festivals, natural and human disasters.
3. Change in market value of shares due to change in political environment/ policies of various
countries/crisis in developed countries or any other reasons
4. Identify the top ten companies out of the 25 selected on the basis of their market value of shares.
It does not matter if they have made profits or losses.
IV. Project Four: Marketing
1. Adhesives 29. Hair Dye 57. Roasted snacks
2. Air conditioners 30. Hair Oil 58. Salt
3. Baby diapers 31. Infant dress 59. Sarees
4. Bathing Soap 32. Inverter 60. Sauces/ Ketchup
5. Bathroom cleaner 33. Jams 61. Shampoo
6. Bike 34. Jeans 62. Shaving cream
7. Blanket 35. Jewellery 63. Shoe polish
8. Body Spray 36. Kurti 64. Shoes
9. Bread 37. Ladies bag 65. Squashes
10. Breakfast cereal 38. Ladies footwear 66. Suitcase/ airbag
11. Butter 39. Learning Toys 67. Sunglasses
12. Camera 40. Lipstick 68. Tea
13. Car 41. Microwave oven 69. Tiffin Wallah
14. Cheese spreads 42. Mixers 70. Toothpaste
15. Chocolate 43. Mobile 71. Wallet
16. Coffee 44. Moisturizer 72. Washing detergent
17. Cosmetology product 45. Music player 73. Washing machine
18. Crayons 46. Nail polish 74. Washing powder
19. Crockery 47. Newspaper 75. Water bottle
20. Cutlery 48. Noodles 76. Water storage tank
21. Cycle 49. Pen 77. Wipes
22. DTH 50. Pen drive
23. Eraser 51. Pencil
24. e-wash 52. Pickles
25. Fairness cream 53. Razor
26. Fans 54. Ready Soups
27. Fruit candy 55. Refrigerator
28. Furniture 56. RO system
Identify one product/service from the above which the students may like to manufacture/provide [pre-
assumption].
Now the students are required to make a project on the identified product/service keeping in mind the
following:
1. Why have they selected this product/service?
2. Find out ‘5’ competitive brands that exist in the market.
3. What permission and licences would be required to make the product?
4. What are your competitors Unique Selling Proposition. [U.S.P.]?
5. Does your product have any range give details?
6. What is the name of your product?
7. Enlist its features.
8. Draw the ‘Label’ of your product.
9. Draw a logo for your product.
10. Draft a tag line.
11. What is the selling price of your competitor’s product?
(i) Selling price to consumer
(ii) Selling price to retailer
(iii) Selling price to wholesaler
What is the profit margin in percentage to the
• Manufacturer.
• Wholesaler.
• Retailer.
12. How will your product be packaged?
13. Which channel of distribution are you going to use? Give reasons for selection?
14. Decisions related to warehousing, state reasons.
15. What is going to be your selling price?
(i) To consumer
(ii) To retailer
(iii) To wholesaler
16. List 5 ways of promoting your product.
17. Any schemes for
(i) The wholesaler
(ii) The retailer
(iii) The consumer
18. What is going to be your ‘U.S.P?
19. What means of transport you will use and why?
20. Draft a social message for your label.
21. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your product.
22. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your promotion plan.
At this stage the students will realise the importance of the concept of marketing mix and
the necessary decision regarding the four P’s of marketing.
➢ Product
➢ Place
➢ Price
➢ Promotion
On the basis of the work done by the students the project report should include the following:
1. Type of product /service identified and the (consumer/industries) process involve there in.
2. Brand name and the product.
3. Range of the product.
4. Identification mark or logo.
5. Tagline.
6. Labelling and packaging.
7. Price of the product and basis of price fixation.
8. Selected channels of distribution and reasons thereof.
9. Decisions related to transportation and warehousing. State reasons.
10. Promotional techniques used and starting reasons for deciding the particular technique.
11. Grading and standardization.
Presentation and Submission of Project Report
At the end of the stipulated term, each student will prepare and submit his/her project report.
Following essentials are required to be fulfilled for its preparation and submission.
1. The total length of the project will be of 25 to 30 pages.
2. The project should be handwritten.
3. The project should be presented in a neat folder.
4. The project report should be developed in the following sequence Cover page should include the title of
the Project, student information, school and year.
List of contents.
➢ Acknowledgements and preface (acknowledging the institution, the places visited and the persons
who have helped).
➢ Introduction.
➢ Topic with suitable heading.
➢ Planning and activities done during the project, if any.
➢ Observations and findings of the visit.
➢ Conclusions (summarized suggestions or findings, future scope of study).
 ➢ Photographs (if any).
➢ Appendix
➢ Teacher’s observation.
➢ Signatures of the teachers.

ASSESSMENT Allocation of Marks = 20 Marks

ECONOMICS

PROJECT WORK
Guidelines for Project Work

The objectives of the project work are to enable learners to:

• probe deeper into theoretical concepts learnt in classes XI and XII
• analyse and evaluate real world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs and arguments
• demonstrate the learning of economic theory
• follow up aspects of economics in which learners have interest
• develop the communication skills to argue logically The expectations of the project work are that:
• learners will complete only ONE project in each academic session
• project should be of 3,500-4,000 words (excluding diagrams & graphs), preferably hand-written
• it will be an independent, self-directed piece of study

Scope of the project:

Learners may work upon the following lines as suggested in flow chart:
Choose a title/topic

Collection of the research material/data

Organization of material/data

Present material/data

Analysing the material/data for conclusion

Draw the relevant conclusion

Presentation of the Project Work

Expected Checklist:
• Introduction of topic/title
• Identifying the causes, consequences and/or remedies
• Various stakeholders and effect on each of them
• Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified
• Short-term and long-term implications of economic strategies suggested in the course of research
• Validity, reliability, appropriateness and relevance of data used for research work and for
presentation in the project file
• Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in project file
• Citation of the materials referred to, in the file in footnotes, resources section, bibliography etc.
Mode of presentation/submission of the Project:
At the end of the stipulated term, each learner will present the research work in the Project File along with
a PPT presentation of same to the External and Internal examiner. The questions should be asked from the
Research Work/ Project File of the learner. The Internal Examiner should ensure that the study submitted by
the learner is his/her own original work. In case of any doubt, authenticity should be checked and verified.

Marking Scheme :
Marks are suggested to be given as –
S. No. Heading Marks Allotted
1. Relevance of the topic 3
2. Knowledge Content/Research Work 6
3. Presentation Technique 3
4. Viva-voce 8
Total 20 Marks

Class XII
Micro and Small Scale Industries Food Supply Channel in India
Contemporary Employment situation in India Disinvestment policy of the government
Goods and Services Tax Act and its Impact on Health Expenditure (of any state)
GDP
Human Development Index Inclusive Growth Strategy
Self-help group Trends in Credit availability in India
Monetary policy committee and its functions Role of RBI in Control of Credit
Government Budget & its Components Trends in budgetary condition of India
Exchange Rate determination – Methods and Currency War – reasons and repercussions
Techniques
Livestock – Backbone of Rural India Alternate fuel – types and importance
Sarwa Siksha Abhiyan – Cost Ratio Benefits Golden Quadrilateral- Cost ratio benefit
Minimum Support Prices Relation between Stock Price Index and
Economic Health of Nation
Waste Management in India – Need of the Minimum Wage Rate – approach and
hour Application
Digital India- Step towards the future Rain Water Harvesting – a solution to water
crises
Vertical Farming – an alternate way Silk Route- Revival of the past
Make in India – The way ahead Bumper Production- Boon or Bane for the
farmer
Rise of Concrete Jungle- Trend Analysis Organic Farming – Back to the Nature
Any other newspaper article and its evaluation Any other topic
on basis of economic principles

ACCOUNTANCY
Project Work
One specific project based on financial statement analysis of a company covering any two aspects from the
following:
1. Comparative and common size financial statements
2. Accounting Ratios
3. Segment Reports
4. Cash Flow Statements
ENGLISH
Choose any ONE of the following topics:

THE PROJECT SHOULD INCLUDE

1. INDEX
2. CERTIFICATE
3. INTRODUCTION
4. CONTENT——-ATLEAST 15 TO 20 PAGES
5. WRITE UP
6. LEARNING OUTCOME
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

TOPIC 1: Unleash your real potential – be bold, be resilient, be strong (Importance of a resilient attitude)
• What do you mean by Resilient Attitude.
• Traits, qualities and characteristics of Resilient person.
• How personal choices help or hinder our resilience.
• Tips for Building and Cultivating Resilience.
• Why is resilience important?
• Is Resilience a skill or character strength?
• What are the seven C’s of Resilience?
• Different types of resilience
• Key component and element of resilience life
• Take an example of the chapter— Deep Water
• Other examples of great personalities

TOPIC-2: “When a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had the key
to their prison.” (Example – The Last Lesson)
• Importance of Language
• Meaning of ‘Linguistic chauvinism’
• Find examples in history where conquered people had their language taken away from them or had a
language imposed of them—What was the result/outcome
• Problems faced by linguistic minority
• How can they keep their language alive
• Linguistic human rights
• Linguistic Chauvinism examples from English literature

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
1. Complete your Board Exam Practical File. (Manual Evergreen Publication)

Practical-1 Fitness Tests administration (Sai Khelo India Test)

Practical-2 Procedure for Asanas , Benefits and Contraindication for any two Asanas for each lifestyles
disease. (10 Asanas with picture )
Practical-3 Anyone IOA recognized Sports/Games of choice labelled diagram of field and Equipment. Also
mention its Rules, Terminologies and Skills.

2. Learn Ch- 1, and 2 for PT-2 Exam.

COMPUTER SCIENCE
Theme: Real-World Python Project (Based on Class 11 Concepts)
Cover Page Format (To be filled by the student)
• Student Name:
• Class & Section:
• Roll Number:
• Subject: Computer Science
• Project Title:
• School Name:
• Submission Date:
• Teacher’s Name:
General Instructions
1. Choose a real-world problem and develop a Python program using only Class 11-level Python
concepts.
2. The project should be original, practical, and show understanding of how programming is applied to
solve real-life problems.
3. Code must be fully commented and explained.
4. Include input/output screenshots and explanation of logic.
5. Students can prepare their project as a Word or PDF document (typed) or handwritten with printed
code if preferred.
6. Submission should be done on or before [Insert Deadline].
Suggested Project Topics
(Pick one or create your own with teacher’s approval)
• Student Report Card Generator
• Library Management System
• Grocery Billing System
• Basic Hotel Booking System
• ATM Simulation
• COVID Vaccination Registration System
• To-Do List or Task Tracker
• Quiz Application
• Expense Tracker
• Contact Book using Dictionary and File Handling
Project Report Format
1. Project Title Page
• Title of your project
• Student and school details (from Cover Page)
2. Introduction
• What is the purpose of your project?
• What real-life problem does it solve?
3. Tools Used
• Python version
• IDE or editor (e.g., IDLE, VS Code, PyCharm)
• Class 11 concepts used (e.g., loops, lists, file handling)
4. Project Design / Flow
• Describe the flow of your program
• Use a flowchart or pseudocode to explain your logic
5. Code (with Comments)
• Present your Python code in sections
• Each section must have comments explaining the logic
• Follow good indentation and variable naming practices
6. Sample Input & Output
 • Include screenshots or copied terminal outputs
• Show at least 2–3 test runs with different inputs
7. Error Handling (if any)
• Mention how your code handles wrong inputs or exceptions (if applied)
8. Conclusion
• What did you learn while working on this project?
• How could the project be improved in the future?
9. Bibliography / References
• Websites, videos, or books used as references
Submission Details
• Format: PDF
• Deadline: 30/06/2025
• Submission Mode: GOOGLE DRIVE LINK GIVEN BELOW
[Link]

FINE ARTS (Project Work)

Objective:
To enhance creative skills, understand various art forms and techniques, and develop an appreciation for
Indian art and artists.
Project Work Components:
1. Portfolio Development (Sketchbook Work)
Each student must prepare a portfolio with at least 10 artworks in the following mediums and themes:

• Mediums: Pencil shading, watercolor, pen and ink, poster colors, charcoal, or mixed media.
• Themes (Choose Any 5):
o Nature (landscapes, flora, fauna)
o Daily life scenes
o Festivals of India
o Abstract expressions
o Portraits of family members or famous personalities
o Traditional Indian Art (Madhubani, Warli, Gond, etc.)
o Still Life Composition
Instructions: Use A3 size drawing sheets. Each artwork should include a small write-up (4–5 lines)
describing the concept or technique used.
2. Artist Study:
Prepare a presentation or a written report on any one famous Indian artist (minimum 2 pages).
• Include the following:
o Artist’s biography
o Style of work
o Notable paintings (with images)
o Your own interpretation or recreated version of one artwork
Suggested artists: Raja Ravi Varma, Amrita Sher-Gil, Jamini Roy, M.F. Husain, S.H. Raza
3. Art Appreciation Activity:
Choose one famous Indian painting and write a short essay covering:
• Title and artist
• Visual elements (color, line, form, texture)
• Subject and symbolism
• Your personal interpretation
Word limit: 200–250 words
4. Creative Poster Design
Design a poster on any social awareness topic, such as:
• Save Water
• Clean India (Swachh Bharat)
• Say No to Plastic
 • Climate Change
Poster should be colorful, meaningful, and include a slogan.
5. Practical File Completion (as per CBSE syllabus)
• Finish at least 4 full-size compositions as per the CBSE prescribed practical syllabus for Fine Arts.
• Each should include proper detailing and neat coloring.
Submission Guidelines:
• Submit all work neatly arranged in a folder or a handmade file.
• Mention your name, roll number, and section on every sheet.
• Last date of submission: First week after school reopens