6 Conjunctions
\Ne use conjunctions to join ideas w ithin a sen tence. They
n1ay con1e at the beg inning or ,n the middle of a sentence.
They in1prove the cohesion of a text.
1 Conjunctions which are used to make a contrast include
although, while, \ vhereas, ye t.
1
The task \,vasn 't difficult, yet
Tom found he couldn 't
Whi/e / A/tho ugh the task complete it on time.
wasn 't difficult,
Tom found himself unable to complete the task on time,
whereas Harry finished it quickly.
2 Conjunctions vvhich are used to add information include
and and nor.
He wasn 't afrai d of taking risks
and he didn 't worry about the potential
nor did he worry } consequences.
3 Conjunctions which are used to give a condition include
as long as, provided that, if, unless and if only.
As long as/ Provided (tha t) she earned enough money
to cover her bills, she didn 't care about becoming rich.
Un less he improves his performance, he won 't be
lf he doesn ' t improve his performance, promoted.
lf only he wou ld have a bit more confidence, he would
do real/y we/1.
4 Conjunct ion s which are used to give a reason include as,
because, since and so .
As he hadn't had time to study, he didn't do as well as
he'd hoped in the exam .
Exercise
Complete the sentences with the conjunctions in
the box.
as (x2) if only nor provided that whereas yet
1 1knew it would have changed a lot .............. 1still longed
to go back.
2 Simon always had his head in a book .............. his brother
spent most of his time watching television .
3 She should be able to join us far dinner, .............. her
plane arrives on time.
4 .. .. ...... .... the plumber still hasn't come, we won 't be able
to use the bathroom today.
5 ......... ..... Jessica were here. She would know what to do.
6 Nigel laves hiking, .............. does his girlfriend Georgia.
7 1don't eat meat, .............. does my partner.