POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER 2

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter discusses essential and similar ideas, project ideas, the

conclusion, and others like the proposed system. The goal is to justify the study

questions, theoretical review, and conceptual framework that were chosen.

Benchmarking is concerned with comparing an existing system. In contrast, research

and analysis are concerned with the approach most suited for the proposed project.

Review of Related Literature, Studies or Systems automation

Automation

Automation controls critical subcomponents such as temperature regulation and

dispensing, reducing the need for human intervention while enhancing precision. This

approach is like the "Design and Development of Adaptable Hot and Cold-Water

Dispenser", which aims to create an affordable, accessible solution for rural

communities in Nigeria. The system uses automation to manage both heating (via a

nichrome spring heating element) and cooling (via a Peltier module), providing a

practical solution for controlling water temperature. It similarly employs available local

materials to create a cost-effective, efficient water dispensing system. The "Automated

Slush Vending Machine" further illustrates the role of automation in dispensing drinks,

specifically focusing on slush beverages.

The developers propose automating the vending machine using an ESP32

microcontroller to efficiently manage the dispensing of hot and cold beverages. While

1
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
focuses on combining multiple beverage functionalities (hot/cold water, coffee, Juice) in

a single device to optimize space and enhance convenience. Both systems show how

automation simplifies complex tasks and improves usability through efficient

temperature regulation and control over operations.

Micro-controlled based

Microcontrollers are crucial for vending machines because they automate key

functions, ensuring efficient and reliable operation. They control processes like coin

validation, beverage selection, and temperature management, reducing the need for

manual intervention. This automation leads to faster and more accurate service,

improving the user experience. Microcontrollers also allow for easy reprogramming,

enabling vending machines to adapt to new products or features without hardware

changes, making them flexible and scalable. Moreover, their cost-effectiveness helps

reduce production and maintenance costs, making the vending machine more

affordable and accessible for both businesses and consumers.

The developers propose utilizing an ESP32 microcontroller to control the key functions

of the vending machine. It mirrors systems like the "Arduino-based Coin Operated

Restroom," where a microcontroller governs payment and access to services. In that

system, an Arduino UNO was used to manage a door-locking mechanism activated by

a 5-peso coin, a PIR motion sensor to detect movement, and a push button. This

system addressed the issue of restroom accessibility during non-working hours when

security staff were unavailable to collect fees, thus offering a practical, automated

solution.

2
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Dispensing cold or hot drinks

The proposed vending machine aims to dispense both hot and cold drinks while

offering a variety of flavored options, addressing consumer demand for diverse

beverage choices. Traditional beverage dispensers often focus solely on temperature

control, limiting user experience. The introduction of automation is proposed to

enhance functionality and user satisfaction by utilizing an ESP32 microcontroller to

regulate the dispensing process, manage temperature control, and mix ingredients for

different flavors, ensuring precision and efficiency in service delivery.

The project “Adaptable Hot and Cold Water Dispenser” focuses on creating a water

dispenser with a inbuilt inverter to provide accessible hot and cold water. utilizing a

Peltier module for cooling and a nichrome heating element for heating. Additionally,

coffee and juice vending machines automate beverage dispensing, prioritizing user-

friendly interfaces and quick service., the proposed features of the ESP32-Integrated :

Smart vending machine. By automating the dispensing and mixing processes the

vending machine minimizes human intervention and enhances the speed and accuracy

of service, ultimately providing a wider range of beverage options while increasing

operational efficiency compared to traditional dispensers.

Coin slot system

The proposed vending machine will integrate a coin slot payment system to ensure that

beverages are dispensed only after payment verification. This functionality is essential

for preventing unauthorized access to products and maintaining operational efficiency,

as it helps streamline the transaction process for users. Service Checkout System for

3
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Groceries", where payments and transactions are processed autonomously by the

system

The design draws inspiration from the Arduino-Based Coin-Operated Restroom

Prototype, which employs a similar payment mechanism to activate access to restroom

services upon coin insertion. Additionally, the Self-Service Checkout System for

Groceries exemplifies how payments and transactions can be processed

autonomously, enhancing user convenience and reducing wait times. By implementing

a robust coin slot system, the vending machine can ensure reliable payment

processing, ultimately improving user satisfaction and operational effectiveness.

Mixing system

The mixing system in the proposed vending machine is designed to offer a wide range

of beverage options by combining various ingredients, allowing for customized drink

combinations. This innovative feature enhances the overall user experience by

providing more choices and personalization, setting it apart from traditional drink

dispensers.

For comparison, the study "Viability of Coffee Vending Machine: An Assessment"

highlights vending machines that focus primarily on dispensing pre-made coffee,

limiting consumer options to set recipes. In contrast, the new vending machine's mixing

system allows for the creation of unique flavors and personalized beverages, thereby

catering to diverse consumer preferences and enhancing satisfaction. By integrating a

mixing system, the vending machine not only differentiates itself from conventional

models but also meets the growing demand for customization in beverage

consumption.

4
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
User-interface display

The proposed vending machine will feature a user-interface display designed to guide

customers through the payment and drink selection process, enhancing the overall

usability of the system. By providing clear instructions and options, the interface will

make the experience more intuitive and user-friendly, catering to a diverse range of

consumers.

The research study titled "Self-Service Checkout System for Groceries," which

emphasizes a customer-friendly interface that clearly outlines each step of the

checkout process. This system ensures a seamless user experience by reducing

confusion and minimizing wait times. Similarly, the vending machine's user-interface

display aims to streamline the transaction process, making it easier for customers to

navigate their choices and complete their purchases efficiently, ultimately leading to

higher satisfaction and improved service efficiency.

5
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Table 1. Benchmarking Table

Benchmarking is a strategy for selecting and quantifying the study’s top

outcomes. Summarizes the needs and best characteristics identified in relevant

research, the literature, and the current system. By integrating these traits and

attributes, an inventive device is created that produces an appropriate and efficient

output. Additionally, it is used to identify essential features that enable the project to

monitor areas for progress.

6
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Synthesis

The analysis of relevant literature and research is indeed similar to the study

conducted by the developers on their proposed automated vending machine; however,

several key differences set this project apart, such as the integration of multiple

beverage types, user-friendly interfaces, and simplified maintenance. The research

emphasizes the need for technology that enhances user experience and operational

efficiency in beverage dispensing.

To further support this assertion, there is a clear demand for the development of

a vending machine that provides a multi-functional solution by combining coffee, juice,

and water dispensing into a single unit. While related studies have focused primarily on

single-function vending machines, the proposed automated vending machine utilizes a

microcontroller for automation, ensuring a more efficient and user-friendly experience.

Additionally, the integration of a mixing system allows for customized beverage options,

addressing a gap in the current market. This innovation not only benefits consumers by

offering a diverse range of choices but also supports business owners by streamlining

operations and reducing the need for multiple machines. Ultimately, this proposed

vending machine will enhance the beverage dispensing experience, catering to the

evolving needs of consumers while maintaining affordability and efficiency.

7
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Conceptual Model of the Study

INPUT
Knowledge PROCESS
Requirements: Project Design and
-Research Development:
-Observation and -3d Design
Interview in the Current -Prototype Construction
technology -Prototype
-Data Gathering Development OUTPUT
-Research on Related -Flowchart Diagram Proposed Project:
Literature, -Testing and Evaluation
Studies, and ESP32-Integrated
Implementation
System Vending Machine
Testing phase
Software Requirements -Functional Test Documentation
-Arduino IDE -Universal Coinslot Test for Maintenance
Hardware -Dispensing test
Requirements
-Sensor Integration Test
Arduino Uno
-System Test
-Vendo parts
-Final review
-Buttons, Sensors, LCD,
servo, electronic bulb,
hoes, stirring motor

8
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

FEEDBACK

Figure 1. The Input-Process-Output Model

The input unit is crucial since it is the initial stage in obtaining information for the

proposed project. It is accomplished by obtaining data such as researching and

understanding the operation the developer wants to include in this project. The

developer also performed observation and interviews to support the study by locating

related literature, studies, and systems that will provide them with ideas on making the

suggested system practical and more helpful than those currently in use. This will be

used as a guide in constructing the project. This assessment helps pinpoint gaps in the

market that the new vending machine can address. Technical specifications are also

collected, detailing the necessary components like the ESP32 microcontroller, LCD

display, and button interfaces. Finally, design requirements are established, outlining

the expected user interface, maintenance needs, and operational efficiency, ensuring

that the machine meets both user and technical standards.

The process phase encompasses the actual development and construction of

the All-in-One Vending Machine. Initially, a schematic design is created, integrating the

various components, including the ESP32 microcontroller and beverage dispensing

mechanisms. This design serves as a blueprint for building the prototype. Once the

design is finalized, the prototype is constructed, incorporating all the necessary

9
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
elements such as the coin mechanism, beverage dispensers, LCD display, and

buttons. Following the physical assembly, programming is undertaken to develop the

software that will control the microcontroller. This software is crucial for managing user

inputs, processing payments, and ensuring the accurate dispensing of beverages.

Rigorous testing follows, where the machine's functionality, reliability, and user

experience are evaluated. Feedback from these tests is used to make adjustments and

improvements, ensuring that the final product operates smoothly and meets user

expectations.

Finally, the output unit represents the result or end of the procedure. The

developer's proposal resulted in the proposed project entitled "ESP32-Integrated

Vending Machine: Efficiently Dispensing Cold, Hot, Coffee, and Juice with LCD Display

and Button Interface" The machine features an intuitive user interface, prominently

displayed on an LCD screen, which guides users through the selection and payment

process, enhancing user experience. Performance data is collected during initial

operation, providing insights into user interactions and machine efficiency. This data is

invaluable for assessing the machine's overall effectiveness and identifying areas for

future improvement. Additionally, comprehensive documentation is produced, including

user manuals and technical guides, which facilitate easy maintenance and potential

upgrades. This output not only fulfills the project's objectives but also sets the stage for

ongoing enhancements based on user feedback and technological advancements.

10