1.11101001.00011011.10000000.
10100100
11101001 00011011
Bits 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 Bits 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0 Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
Values Values
Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Add Add
each each
position position
of an 128+64+32+8+1 of an 16+8+2+1
octet octet
with “1” with “1”
Decimal 233 Decimal 27
10000000 10100100
Bits 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bits 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0 Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
Values Values
Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Add Add
each each
position position
of an of an 128+32+4+1
octet 128 octet
with “1” with “1”
Decimal 128 Decimal 164
= [Link]
2. 10101010.00110100.11100110.00010111
10101010 00110100
Bits 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Bits 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0 Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
Values Values
Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Add Add 32+16+4
each each
position position
of an 128+32+8+2 of an
octet octet
with “1” with “1”
Decimal 170 Decimal 52
11100110 00010111
Bits 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Bits 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0 Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
Values Values
Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Add Add
each each
position position
of an of an 16+4+2+3
octet 128+64+32+4+2 octet
with “1” with “1”
Decimal 230 Decimal 23
= [Link]
3. 11111111.11010011.01000001.11001110
11111111 11010011
Bits 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bits 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0 Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
Values Values
Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Add Add
each each
position position 128+64+16+2+1
of an 128+64+32+61+8+4+2 of an
octet octet
with “1” with “1”
Decimal 255 Decimal 211
01000001 11001110
Bits 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bits 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0 Place 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
Values Values
Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Position 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Add Add
each each
position position
of an of an 128+64+8+4+2
octet 64+1 octet
with “1” with “1”
Decimal 65 Decimal 206
= [Link]
B.
Step 1: Find the Custom Subnet Mask
• Given network: [Link]
• We need 20 subnets
• Formula: 2^n ≥ number of subnets
• Finding n: 2^5 = 32 (minimum power of 2 that covers 20 subnets)
• Borrow 5 bits from the host portion
• Default class B subnet mask: [Link] (/24)
• New subnet mask: [Link] (/28)
• Answer: [Link] (/28)
Step 2: Calculate IP Address Ranges
Each subnet has 2^ (32-28) = 16 IPs (14 usable, 2 reserved for network and broadcast).
Range Network ID First Usable IP Last Usable IP Broadcast ID
1 [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
2 [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
3 [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
... ... ... ... ...
20 [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
Step 3: Number of Subnets and Hosts
• Subnets: 32 (since 2^5 = 32)
• Hosts per subnet: 14 (since 2^4 - 2 = 14 usable IPs)
• Total Hosts: 32 × 14 = 448 hosts
Final Answers:
• Custom Subnet Mask: [Link] (/28)
• IP Address Ranges: (Table above)
• Number of Subnets: 32
• Number of Hosts per Subnet: 14
• Total Hosts: 448
C. Shorten the following IPv6 addresses (3 items x 5 points)
1. FD81:273B:6A9D: 0000:0DA6:CACD:2347:3596
o FD81:273B:6A9D::DA6:CACD:2347:3596
2. FD56:0000:004D: E798:F100:2344:1002:3461
o Answer: FD56:0:4D: E798:F100:2344:1002:3461
3. FD00:8E00:006C: 0000:0006: B761:AABD:0034
o Answer: FD00:8E00:6C::6:B761:AABD:34
Members: Section: BSIT 402
Inson
Pacanza
Salay
Villanueva
Aforte
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Valmoria