Lab Report No.
2
IICT
Submitted By:
[Abdul Wahab MAlik]
[23-CS-039]
[CS-C1]
Submitted to:
Sir ASif
Dated:
Week No. 4
TASK: NO: 01
Practically identifying all internal components and ports of a system.
ANSWER:
INTERNAL COMPONENTS AND PORTS OF A SYSTEM
1. MOTHERBOARD:
Central processing unit (CPU)
Provides Memory slots to Connect RAM
Has a CMOS attached to power to BIOS and Clock?
Clock stores the system time and local time
Chipset communicate with all the connected components
Expansion slots/add on boards for cards like GPU
Provides Connectors to other devices like USB ports
Provides power to all of the connected devices and components
Consists of Data Bus, Control Bus and IO Bus
Provides SATA ports and Front IO port
2. PROCESSOR:
A processor is the brain of the computer
It controls all of the Input output and processing
A fast processor results in fast processing speed
All the storage requires the instruction from the CPU to perform the operations
PCIE cards are directly connected to the processor
Processor consists of 3 levels cache memory
L1 is the Fastest cache memory
Modern PC processors are multicore. Each core is as fully functional as the others
All new generation processors support parallel processing due to multithreading.
Processors supports different types of memory modules like DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4,
DDR5.
3. MEMORY (RAM):
RAM is the primary memory
It the fastest memory that is replaceable
It comes in different sizes
It comes in different speed
It has different types
It has different Technology
It speeds and size depends on the CPU
A faster RAM will result in better performance
There are 2 Types of RAM DRAM and SRAM
RAM is Volatile Memory
4. HARD DISK:
Hard Disk is the secondary storage
It is the most affordable way of storing large data
It comes in different sizes
It comes in different speed
Hard disk size ranges from Giga Bytes to Peta Byte
Hard Disk uses SATA port for data transmission
Speed of a Hard Disk is Determined by its RPM
Hard Disk are mechanical devices
Hard Disk are slow compared to current generation storage devices.
Hard Disk consists of a header to read or write data on to the magnetic disk
5. USB PORT:
USB Stands for Universal Serial Bus
It is the most common port used
It enables you to connect or disconnect a device on the go
It has different generation
It provides different speed
Its speed ranges from1.5 Mbps to 40Gbps
The eldest USB port is the USB 2.0
The latest USB port is the USB 4.0
USB is used for data transmission between devices or computers
USB can also do power delivery
6. GPU:
A GPU can be of two types Integrated or Discrete
Integrated GPU comes with the processor
Discrete GPU is to bought separately and then is connected to the system using PCIE slot
Integrated GPUs are slow compared to the Ds create
GPU performs all of the Graphical processing
GPU controls the Display of the System
Discrete GPUs are used for Heavy Graphical processing like gaming or graphical
applications like Blinger or Game Engines
Integrated GPU do not have their memory and are dependent on the RAM
Discrete GPU have their own Memory that is faster than the RAM in most cases
Discrete GPU have multiple Core up to thousands to perform heavy and complex parallel
processing
7. SSD:
SSD employs NAND memory architecture similar to the flash memory
SDD are much expensive than HDD
SSD are less noisy as compared to the HDD as it involves movements of mechanical parts
for data transmission between the CPU and other peripheral devices
SSD employs semiconductor chips to store data
SSD is a NAND based non-volatile memory device which support plug and play feature
SDD renders only fixed number of Program/erase cycles thus seems to be not so good in
long term use
SSD offers a transmission rate of 500 – 600 MBs data per second
SSD have Different types M.2 SSD, SATA SSD, NVME SSD
NVME is the Fastest SSD types
SSD are replacing the HDD as they become cheaper and provide more storage space
8. THUNDERBOLT:
The original Thunderbolt was introduced in 2011 with a speed of 10 Gbp
Thunderbolt was developed by intel
It is the technology that provide a greater
Thunderbolt uses USB Type C port
The current Gen provides speed up to 40Gbps
provides 15W power to run accessories
Supports 2 x 4K/60Hz monitors
One Thunderbolt™ port can replace all other USB-C ports on a system for the simplest,
most reliable, and fastest connectivity for video, data, and power
Thunderbolt is only provided by Intel and Apple A thunderbolt can even be attached to a
thunderbolt Docking station to provide more connectivity
9. NIC:
NICs are of three types Ethernet, Wireless and Fiber NICs
NICs are connected to the System using PCIE slots
Wireless network card is fitted into the motherboard slot but it doesn’t need any network
cable to make connection with the computer to the internet. These types of NIC cards are
introduced for Wi-Fi enabled connections
It plays role as translator that helps to convert data into digital signal
Network card provides both communication methods like as wired and wireless
It acts as middleware in between computer and data network
This network card uses both OSI model layer such as physical and data link layer
Network card generally provide ethernet connectivity of maximum 1 Gbps
Network card can also be used for fiber optical cable connection 40G fiber NIC card has a 40G
QSFP+ interface that supports 40Gbps transmission bandwidth on fiber optical cable.
10. DISPLAY PORT:
High resolution displays and multiple displays with a single cable
Self-latching connector
Multiple video streams over single physical connection
Scalability, reduced wire count and embedded clocking
Supports multi-channel audio and 3D stereo
DisplayPort and Mini DisplayPort connectors have a small form factor, allowing them to fit
compact devices, such as notebooks and tablets
DisplayPort can be combined with other standards, such as USB, in a single connector
Supports adapters for legacy displays
Supports HDCP content protection
TASK: NO: 02
Plugging in the power and data cables of all Input and Output devices accordingly.
ANSWER:
1. MOUSE:
A mouse uses only a USB A port both for data and power
It gets its power from the motherboard
Mouse is connected to the system by inserting the USB A cable of the mouse in the USB A port
of the motherboard
2. KEYBOARD:
A keyboard uses only a USB port both for data and power
It gets its power from the motherboard
Keyboard is connected to the system by inserting the USB cable of the mouse in the USB
port of the motherboard
3. MONITOR:
A monitor uses a VGA, HDMI, Display port for data and a separate power cable to provide
power to its components
Monitor is connected to the system by inserting one end of a VGA, HDMI, Display port cable
in the system and the other in the monitor
To power the monitor a power cable is connected to the monitor
4. SCANNER:
A Scanner uses a USB B port for data and a power cable for power
The scanner must be powered on to work
The data is transmitted through the USB cable to the system
5. PRINTER:
A Printer uses a USB B port for data and a power cable for power
The printer must be powered on to work
The data is transmitted through the USB cable to the printer
TASK: NO: 04
Name of the ports that are available on motherboard. Write functionality with
pictures.
ANSWER:
Following are the ports that are available on motherboard:
1. RJ-45 (Registered Jack 45) LAN port: This port allows connection to a Local Area Network (LAN) through a
network hub using a RJ-45 cable.
2. Analog Audio port: This port connects a tape, CD, DVD player or other audio sources.
3. VGA Port (Video Graphics Array): VGA cables carry an analog signal as opposed to a digital signal (ones
and zeroes). Using higher frequencies, it's possible to reach a relatively high range of video resolutions.
However, video quality directly responds to
cable quality, and doubly so on higher
resolutions. Due to this, the quality of a VGA
image can variate notable across different
makes of cables.
4. USB (Universal Serial Bus) 2.0 Ports: There are usually a couple of these ports located on each
motherboard used for connecting pen drives and external hard drives, like I pods or Mp3 players.
5. PS/2 Keyboard Port (purple): This port is for a PS/2 keyboard.
6. PS/2 mouse port (green): This port is for a PS/2 mouse.
7. 1394a Port: this port is used to connect to any firewire device. FireWire has largely been supplanted by
USB. Some professional audio hardware still uses FireWire, though; you may also occasionally find higher-
speed IEEE 1394b headers, but they are even rarer.
8. Optical S/PDIF: Used for sound connections to home audio receiver’s or powered PC speakers with optical
connections.
9. eSATA port (External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment): It is an external interface for SATA
technologies. It competes with FireWire 400 and universal serial bus (USB) 2.0 to provide fast data transfer
speeds for external storage devices.
10. HDMI Connector (High-Definition Multimedia Interface): HDMI is a digital interface for transmitting
audio and video data in a single cable. It is supported by most HDTVs and related components, such as DVD
and Blu-ray players, cable boxes, and video game systems.
11. DVI (Digital Visual Interface) connector: It is used to send digital information from a computer to a
digital display, such as a flat-panel LCD monitor.
Conclusion:
In this lab we learned how different ports of computer are used and what are the function of
different ports. We also elaborated the computer cards and their plugging and unplugging .
We have seen how different cards help us and improve the funtionality of computer system.
Some of the cards like sound card, graphic card and network cards are most essenntial for
proper working of computer system.