Decision-making is an important part of programming, allowing the program to execute different actions based on
conditions.
Data types:
Scalar types hold single values. These are the basic and commonly used data types in PHP.
i) Integer: An integer is a whole number without a decimal point. It can be positive or negative.
ii) Float: A float is a number with a decimal point or in exponential form.
iii) String: A string is a sequence of characters, enclosed in single or double quotes.
iv) Boolean: A boolean represents either true or false. It is useful for conditional statements and logic control.
Compound types hold multiple values or are used to structure data more meaningfully. These data types allow you to
group several values together.
i) Array: Arrays are one of the most important data structures in PHP. They allow you to store multiple values
in a single variable. PHP arrays can hold values of different types, such as strings, numbers, or even other
arrays.
ii) Object:
Special types handle unique cases such as representing empty values or connecting with external resources.
i) Null: A NULL value means the variable has no value. It is unset using unset().
ii) Resource: A resource is a special variable that holds a reference to an external resource, such as a file or
database connection.
PHP Functions is a block of statements that performs an action and returns the specific task. Functions make code more
modular which allow us to use the same code over and over again. The idea is to put some commonly or repeatedly
done tasks together and make a function so that instead of writing the same code again and again for different inputs,
we can do the function calls to reuse code contained in it over and over again.
Some Benefits of Using Functions
Increase Code Readability
Increase Code Reusability
Information can be passed to functions as parameter which is also called as arguments. These parameters are specified
next to function name but inside the parenthesis. We can add as many parameters as you want, just separate them with
a comma ( , ). Now we provide the value for these parameters while calling that function. Let’s create a small program
that takes parameters and works on it.
A Class is a unit of code that describes the characteristics and behavior of something or group of code. A class is a
collection of object. It’s a user define data type which includes local functions as well as local data. A class in python acts
as a template for making many instance of the same kind of object. It defines properties (variables) and behaviors
(methods) that objects will have. We create objects from a class, and each object has its own values but follows the
same structure. For example, if a class represents a Car, it can have attributes like brand and color, and methods like
drive() and brake().
An object in Python is an instance of a class. It is a real-world entity that has attributes (variables) and behaviors
(methods) defined by the class. When we create an object, it gets its own copy of the class’s attributes and methods.
Each object can store different values for the attributes while sharing the same structure. For example, if we have a Car
class, we can create multiple car objects like car1 and car2, each with different colors and brands.