ATAR Math Notes: Functions & Finance
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kiarah1199ATAR Math Notes: Functions & Finance
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Powered by AITranslations in graphs involve shifting the graph up, down, left, or right. Specifically, a vertical translation results in moving the graph up by c units if the function is y = f(x) + c, or down if c is negative. Horizontal translation occurs when the graph is moved right if the function is y = f(x - b), or left if b is positive . Dilation refers to expanding or contracting the graph. A vertical dilation can be represented as y = kf(x), where k > 1 stretches the graph, 0 < k < 1 compresses it, and k < 0 reflects it over the x-axis. For horizontal dilation, y = f(ax) compresses the function if a > 1, and expands it if 0 < a < 1 .
Arithmetic sequences are identified by a constant difference between consecutive terms, known as the common difference (D). For example, in an arithmetic sequence, a sequence like 2, 4, 6, 8, where each term increases by 2, is typical . Geometric sequences, in contrast, have a constant ratio between consecutive terms, referred to as the common ratio (R). An example is the sequence 3, 9, 27, where each term is a product of the previous one by 3 .
Recognizing whether a function is odd or even helps in understanding its symmetry, which simplifies analysis and integration. An even function satisfies f(-x) = f(x), indicating symmetry about the y-axis. These functions are identical when reflected over the y-axis, such as y = x² . An odd function satisfies f(-x) = -f(x), meaning it has rotational symmetry around the origin. Examples include y = x³, where the graph appears the same after a 180-degree rotation around the origin . In both cases, these properties assist in predicting behavior without extensive calculations.
Vertical asymptotes define limits in the domain where the function increases or decreases without bound as it approaches a specific x-value. For example, as x approaches a vertical asymptote, the function might tend toward positive or negative infinity . Horizontal asymptotes indicate the limit that the function values approach as x tends to infinity. Typically, a function may level off to some constant value as x becomes very large, such as when y approaches zero or another specific value .
Compound interest involves calculating interest on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods, unlike simple interest that is calculated only on the principal amount. The formula for compound interest is A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the amount of money accumulated after n years, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of times that interest is compounded per year .