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Mendel's Laws of Genetics Explained

Gregor Johann Mendel is recognized as the 'Father of Genetics' for his foundational work on inheritance patterns. He established key principles such as dominance, segregation, and independent assortment, which explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring. Additionally, the document discusses non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, including incomplete dominance, codominance, polygenic traits, and epistasis.

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6 views23 pages

Mendel's Laws of Genetics Explained

Gregor Johann Mendel is recognized as the 'Father of Genetics' for his foundational work on inheritance patterns. He established key principles such as dominance, segregation, and independent assortment, which explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring. Additionally, the document discusses non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, including incomplete dominance, codominance, polygenic traits, and epistasis.

Uploaded by

denise jean bornalo
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Gregor Johann Mendel is the “Father

of Genetics.”
Alleles
- variant form of a
gene which are located
at the same position on
a chromosome.
Mendel's Principle of dominance states that in a
heterozygote, one trait will conceal the presence of
another trait for the same characteristic.
Father: Heterozygous Yellow
Mother: Heterozygous Yellow

GENOTYPIC RATIO: 1:2:1

1 homozygous yellow, 2
heterozygous yellow, 1
homozygous green

PHENOTYPE RATIO: 3:1

3 Yellow, 1 green
Father: Heterozygous Yellow
Mother: Heterozygous Yellow
Mendel's law of segregation states that: “During the
formation of gamete, each gene separates from each
other so that each gamete carries only one allele for
each gene
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that
genes do not influence each other with regard to the
sorting of alleles into gametes: every possible
combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely
to occur. The independent assortment of genes can be
illustrated by the dihybrid cross: a cross between two
true-breeding parents that express different traits for
two characteristics.

EX: Consider the characteristics of seed color and


seed texture for two pea plants: one that has green,
wrinkled seeds (yyrr) and another that has yellow,
round seeds (YYRR).
EX: Consider the characteristics of seed color and seed
texture for two pea plants: one that has green, wrinkled
seeds (yyrr) and another that has yellow, round seeds
(YYRR).

YYRR x yyrr
YR YR YR YR yr yr yr yr

YR YR YR YR Genotype: Hetero round and


yr YyRr YyRr YyRr YyRr Hetero yellow
All round seeds are yellow
yr YyRr YyRr YyRr YyRr
yr YyRr YyRr YyRr YyRr Phenotype: 100% round and
yr YyRr YyRr YyRr YyRr yellow
ACTIVITY #:

Cross Heterozygous Round, Heterozygous yellow seeds


x Heterozygous Round, Heterozygous Yellow Seeds.
Identify the genotype and phenotype of the offspring.

RrYy x RrYy
Non- Mendelian
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

-NEITHER ALLELE IS COMPLETELY DOMINANT


OVER THE OTHER

-THE HETEROZYGOUS PHENOTYPE IS


A BLENDING/combination of the phenotypes of both
alleles.
CODOMINANCE

type of inheritance in which two versions


(alleles) of the same gene are expressed
separately to yield different traits in an
individual
POLYGENIC TRAIT

A trait that is influenced by two or more


genes, such as height or skin tone
EPISTASIS

- Greek roots that mean “standing upon.”


- occurs when one gene masks or
interferes with the expression of another

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