\ Clase Lew Benne or Cold. tatanclotng |- : ale . 7 \ sey aia Me i ie nd aie esr i 3} LL ayfirw p—strlennal — carlisle fe dhe Col padre S Geile auatoneraventt —= ——=_. =} Ff he klein. moanitutne it wpa, Gigante: partlecedes Called. Wide and jettint Sak ete - f _febcbillly hi AI alleuss. Ue. trtiy and cit of done iakelive —femelenial anand acl! of lfc coll. He eel _ ite it crefyre, oe a4 0. silectiely: formenhe. rbot, = te hele Le nail $V shor of Lhe coll. 2] och Nn emiphaontoal—hannites mde fecblicte phe rik Centent of the cell. i Ad a Coll nim tne dradbde._ calls Me 2 te fbr idalily pullt to senguls— food and ether vailaraale option etlerndl — ouvtnonn ort. ee ee x fect of telitnaer ace Athy, cab Iranian \ ‘Scanned with CamScanner——— Lut A tnbtanes € Laie pesadl, Og— Hephes Cenuschs wees oes tthe ne calli | Lintien Ain inde ae Sf san vearhaha- Yd hd ny Vad vcard \ a | hon —Lusittensling the colt dat. gies acon a Lrghiin, Man ths [ie te cal puliicde velbitias ip sey di \ Coe wif di, Lexie Gaby wht dnp Atm ove lok Aa +t wb acien af 2 Aug sta: wat hi J eTeryas!- \ ‘Scanned with CamScannerlier May [29 the —_mecditm deat a — Dowie etn tes Be En af i Barve the ull, moaning. Mat Abe te ary | eemcendaaliol alchen. th cate auisbe, bate canta." r i, fe ao. i a 8ituh, tt hnthon 2 oO fp tsyfcrdenin. 8 ellidin > pte | | ‘Scanned with CamScannerPage ENDOCYTOSIS cr Ce decyl otis th 0. o Med, a of taking ~ jdutbrle LCs, unto nde coll. 4 Y duenousbla sTuuth the coll membranes 7 sf ea BP —theough. - e — | ee pyudeP Pd Va Nucleus PLasmoiisis : the! coll content. Lhaiake cl: fen tho cell wally orth. Platmodiptit- Celt hed colt Watt Cell. ——— M Osmosis) = Nucleus Ne Bou, NORNAL PLANT CELL PLASMOLYSED PLANT CELL (asso PLASMOLYSED PLANT See i ‘Scanned with CamScannerCell Wall (it is a rigid, non-living covering that lies outside the plasma membrane in all plant cell, bacterial ce]l and fungal cells.) (The ceil wall is absent in animal cells. When compared to cell membrane, the cell wall is freely permeable in nature.) (Ce wall is mainly composed of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that provides structural strength to the plants. ) an Functions of Cell Wall Different functions of cell wall are as follows (i). It provides definite shape to the cell. (ii) It permits the cells of plants, fungi and bacteria to “Withstand very dilute or hypotonic external media without bursting. In hypotonic medium, the cells tend to take up wate by osmosis. (The cell swells up building pressure against the cell wall. The wall exerts an equal pressure against the swollen cell. Because of the presence of cell wail, these cells can withstand ter changes in the surrounding me an animal cells. ) t protects the cell by providing structural and mechanical strength.Nucleus ~ (A nucleus is a spherical or oval structure cell. It is popularly called as the brain of cell, present inside the Structure of Nucleus~ Nucleus is differentiated into the following parts (i) Nuclear membrandIt is the outer, double-layered called nuclear covering that has numerous pores call : pores that allow the transfer ‘of materials from inside the nucleus to the cytoplasm. ) (ii) Nucleoplasm(It is a liquid ground substance encloses by a nuclear membrane. It contains nucleolus and chromatin material. ) . (iii) Nucleolug Jt is a more or less round structure found inside the nucleus. It does not have @ covering or membranes. It is known as the factory of ribosomes.) Eukaryotic nucleus —~ (iv) Chromatin (t is an entangled network of lon: thread-like structures. It condenses to form . 7 $ comes during cell division. These mosomes appear as rod-shaped structure n es and are visible only when the cell is about to divide. ) ‘Scanned with CanScanner(They contain information for the inheritan, ce due characters or features from Parents to next! eration In the form of DNA (Deoxyribon ae etd) mioleculeg!(Chromosomes are compo N\ a components, (Le. DNA and protein), tm reel? (The DNA molecules contain information nee . ettuler for constructing and organising cells. ‘The func \ segments of DNA are called genes.) nce i ottts Functions of Nucleus Nucleus perform the following important functions (p. Nucleus plays essential role in cellular reprodyc In this process, a cell divides to form two new cate (i) Ie determines the cell development and maturyy * directing the chemical activities of the cell. sthe (iii) It helps in the transmission of hereditary traits from * parents to offspring. (iy) It controls all metabolic activities of the cell, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell | On the basis of complexity of cell structure and the absence or presence of true nucleus, cells can be classified into ide following two types Prokaryotic Cells (Gr. Pro-Primitive or primary: karyas-nucleus) (These cells contain primitive unorganised nucleus whichis not bounded by any membrane) In some organisms like bacteria, the nuclear region of the cell is poorly defined sg) _ Decause ofthe absence of nuclear membrane. (The nuclear region in these organisms contains only nucleic acid) Such an undefined nuclear region is called nucleoid, and organisms whose cells lack a nuclear membrane are called prokaryotes,) Plasma The prokaryotes also lack most of the cytoplasmic organelles. Many of the functions of such organelles af¢ thus performed by the poorly developed parts of ctoplas™ ‘Scanned with CamScannerFor example, the chlorophyll | Neowyntheric aryotlc bacteria Is astociated sony membranouy 20 Jes (bag-like structures) or lamellar Structures, byt wa oot ith plaid because Pastids reno acre Sn -inphotosynthetic eukaryotic plant eth oe evkaryotle Coll ie "(Gr EurAdvanced; karyos-nucleus) [hese cells which possess a well-defined membrane a bound nucleus are called eukaryotic cells, These 7 organisms have cells having a well-defined nucleus as wey ™! * as membrane enclosed organelles, ) a [The eukaryotic cells are further Categorived into plant and animal cells. These are alto different from each other in < _many ways.)Pega NO, } pierce ( Dato: 7 / e Differences sbatween Prokaryotlc ; and |Eukaryotlc Calls : Feature _.......Prokaryotia cel's Eukaryotic calls Sire Generally small Generally large _ ALO yim), (5-100 0m). Nuclear region Poorly developed, — Well-defined, Nuclear membrane surrounded by nuclear absent and Is called membrane, — asnucleold, Chromosome Single Morethanone welcome Absent. Present i Membrane-bound Absent Present, e.g, cell organelles mitochondria, plastids, - endoplasmic reticulum, ___ ste, . L Present in anin animal c cells, Organisms Found in ‘bacteria, Found in fungi, 5 plants - blue-green algae, and animals. etc, Celldivision Takes place by ‘Takes place by mitotic binary fission and and meiotic cell budding, division. Cytoplasm.— - at is the fluid content present inside the plasma membrane. It contains many specialised cell organelles, each of which performs a specific function for the cell.) Functions of Cytoplasm It perform the following functions (i) It helps in the exchange of material between cell * organelles. (ii) It acts as a storehouse of vital molecules such as amino iE * acid, glucose, vitamin, iron, etc. (iii) Tt acts ssihe site for certain metabolic pathways. ‘Scanned with CamScanner