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Multi-Stage VCRS Analysis and COP Calculation

The document discusses multi-stage vapor compression refrigeration systems (VCRS) with multiple evaporators and compressors, highlighting their energy balance equations and operational principles. It also presents problems related to calculating the coefficient of performance (COP) for specific refrigeration scenarios using refrigerants like R-134a and ammonia. Additionally, it covers cascade systems, which utilize different refrigerants for varying temperature ranges, enhancing efficiency in refrigeration applications.

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ujwal
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23 views15 pages

Multi-Stage VCRS Analysis and COP Calculation

The document discusses multi-stage vapor compression refrigeration systems (VCRS) with multiple evaporators and compressors, highlighting their energy balance equations and operational principles. It also presents problems related to calculating the coefficient of performance (COP) for specific refrigeration scenarios using refrigerants like R-134a and ammonia. Additionally, it covers cascade systems, which utilize different refrigerants for varying temperature ranges, enhancing efficiency in refrigeration applications.

Uploaded by

ujwal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ME-342

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning


Dr. Binita Pathak
Multi-stage VCRS
Multiple Evaporators

●When refrigeration is required at different levels


●Pressure regulatory valve is used to reduce the pressure at the outlet of the

evaporator II down to the pressure at 7

●Using multiple compressors alongside the


●evaporators is a better option

𝑷𝒄 3 2

4 6
𝑷𝒆𝟐

𝑷𝒆𝟏 5 7
8 1
Energy balance gives:

(a) Evaporator I:
𝑷𝒄 3 2
𝑚𝑒1 ℎ5 + 𝑄𝑒1 = 𝑚𝑒1 ℎ7 ⇒ 𝑄𝑒1 = 𝑚𝑒1 (ℎ7 −ℎ5 )…...(1)
4 6
𝑷𝒆𝟐
(b) Compressor I:
𝑷𝒆𝟏 5 7
𝑚𝑐1 ℎ1 + 𝑊𝑐1 = 𝑚𝑐1 ℎ2 ⇒ 𝑊𝑐1 = 𝑚𝑐1 (ℎ2 −ℎ1 )..…(2) 8 1

(c) Condenser:

𝑚𝑐1 ℎ2 = 𝑄𝑐 + 𝑚𝑐1 ℎ3 ⇒ 𝑄𝑐 = 𝑚𝑐1 (ℎ2 − ℎ3 )……………..(3)


(d) Expansion valve I and II:

ℎ3 = ℎ4 = ℎ5 ………………..(4)

(e) Evaporator II: 𝑚𝑒2 ℎ4 + 𝑄𝑒2 = 𝑚𝑒2 ℎ6 ⇒ 𝑄𝑒2 = 𝑚𝑒2 (ℎ6 −ℎ4 )………….(5)
Prb: A multi-evaporator VCRS with R-134a as the working fluid absorbs heat at 00C and -
250C respectively. The exit of the condenser at 800 kPa is a saturated liquid. Find the COP of
the system if the cooling rate of the low temperature evaporator is 10 kW. The mass flow
rate through the condenser is 0.1 kg/s

𝑸𝒄𝟏
𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂

𝑷𝒄 3 2 𝑾𝒄
𝟎
𝟎 C
4 6
𝑷𝒆𝟐
𝑸𝒆𝟐
𝑷𝒆𝟏 5 7
8 1
−𝟐𝟓𝟎 C

𝑸𝒆𝟏 =10 kW
ℎ3 = ℎ3𝑓 =93.42 kJ/kg = ℎ4 = ℎ5

ℎ6 = ℎ6𝑔 = 247.23 kJ/kg = ℎ8 𝑷𝒄 3 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂 2


𝟎𝟎 C
ℎ7 = ℎ7𝑔 = 232.235 kJ/kg 4 6
𝑷𝒆𝟐

𝑄𝑒1 = 𝑚𝑒1 (ℎ7 −ℎ5 )=10 kJ/s⇒me1=0.072 kg/s…..(1) 𝑷𝒆𝟏 5 7


8 1
−𝟐𝟓𝟎 C
𝑚𝑒2 = 𝑚𝑐 − 𝑚𝑒1 =0.028 kg/s…………...(2)

𝑄𝑒2 = 𝑚𝑒2 (ℎ6 −ℎ4 ) = 4.3 𝑘𝐽/𝑠…………...(3)


𝑚𝑒1 ℎ7 + 𝑚𝑒2 ℎ8
𝑚𝑒1 ℎ7 + 𝑚𝑒2 ℎ8 = 𝑚𝑐 ℎ1 ⇒ ℎ1 = =236.42 kJ/s……………..(4)
𝑚𝑐

ℎ𝑔,−250 𝐶 = 232.235 kJ/kg


𝑷𝒄 3 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂 2
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡,−250𝐶 = 1.06 𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝟎𝟎 C
𝑠1,1.06 𝑏𝑎𝑟 =? ? = 𝑠2 4 6
𝑷𝒆𝟐

𝑷𝒆𝟏 5 7
∆𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑝,,800 𝐾𝑃𝑎 =? ? 8 1
−𝟐𝟓𝟎 C
ℎ2,800 𝐾𝑃𝑎 =? ?
𝑄𝑒1 + 𝑄𝑒2
𝑊𝑐 = 𝑚𝑐 (ℎ2 −ℎ1 ) =? ? 𝐶𝑂𝑃 = =? ?
𝑊𝑐
Multiple Evaporators, compressors and with flash gas removal and inter-cooling

5a 6a
5b

5b
6b 5
𝑷𝒄 5b 4
5a

𝑷𝒊 6a 3b 3 2
3a

6b 𝑷𝒆
7 1
7

Problems of multi-staging
A single refrigerant used in multi-staged refrigeration system needs to have a high
●

critical point and a very low freezing point. This limits the choice of refrigerants
4
5 5a 6a 7

5b
3b
3a

3
6b 2
1
Cascade Systems:
Cascade condenser: The heat of condensation of lower stage refrigerant is supplied for
vaporization of next level refrigerant. The refrigerants are thermally coupled in the
cascade condenser.

Sometimes it is also possible to combine multi-stage systems with cascade systems.

Since different refrigerants are used, it is possible to select a refrigerant best suited for
that particular temperature range.
Problem: 2-stage cascade refrigeration uses: CO2 between
-500C and -200C and ammonia between -200C and 900C. The refrigerant leaves
the low temperature evaporator at the rate of .25 kg/s. Find the COP

900C
ℎ1 = ℎ1𝑔 =319.77 kJ/kg
-200C
ℎ3 = ℎ3𝑓 = 41.55 kJ/kg = ℎ4

𝑄𝑒1 = 𝑚𝑒1 (ℎ1 −ℎ4 ) -500C


= 69.55 𝑘𝐽
𝑠1 = 𝑠1𝑔 =1.4362 kJ/kgK = 𝑠2 900C

𝑠𝑔,𝑎𝑡 −200𝐶 = 1.2829 kJ/kgK


-200C
𝑠𝑜 𝑠2 : 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 :1969.6 kPa -500C

∆𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑝,1969.6 𝐾𝑃𝑎 =? ? = 16.8


ℎ2 = 365.78 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑊𝑐1 = 𝑚𝑒1 (ℎ2 −ℎ1 )
= 11.39 𝑘𝐽
900C
ℎ1′ = ℎ1′𝑔 =1418 kJ/kg

ℎ3′ = ℎ3′𝑓 = 638.59 kJ/kg = ℎ4′ -200C

𝑄𝑒2 = 𝑚𝑒2 (ℎ1′ −ℎ4′ )


-500C
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒:
𝑄𝑒2 = 𝑄𝑐1

𝑚𝑒2 =?
𝑠1′ = 𝑠𝑔 =1.7395 kJ/kgK = 𝑠2′ 900C

𝑠𝑔,𝑎𝑡 900𝐶 = 1.667 kJ/kgK


-200C
𝑠𝑜 𝑠2′ : 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 :3244.5 kPa -500C

∆𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑝,3244.5 𝐾𝑃𝑎 =? ? = 16.8


ℎ2′ =? 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑊𝑐2 = 𝑚𝑒1 (ℎ2 −ℎ1 )
𝑄𝑒1
=? 𝑘𝐽 𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊𝑐1 + 𝑊𝑐2

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