marking guide of chemistry
for s1 2024-2025
Q1 [Link] is a science, which studies the nature, composition and
properties of matter 2marks
B) II) Helium 2marks
C) II) Periods 2marks
D iv) Dmitri mendeleev 2marks
Q2. Because hydrogen has one electron on its outer most shell and lose one
electron to become stable atom like group one elements 2marks
Q3. . Do not enter the laboratory without permission from your teacher.
Do not run or play when entering the laboratory or inside the
laboratory.
Do not eat in the laboratory
Do not drink in the laboratory
Never smoke in the laboratory.
Clean and clear up all apparatus and leave the laboratory as you
found it.
Never taste chemical products or smell them without prior teacher
authorization.
Report any accident or breakage immediately to the teacher.
Noise level in the laboratory should be at minimum level.
Follow the teachers instructions strictly. 5marks (one mark
for each)
Q4. ) a. Water treatment
Knowledge of chemistry is used in water treatment as follows:
Addition of flocculants to get clear water.
Addition of chlorine into water to kill harmful germs so that it can be safe
for drinking.
b) Agriculture Knowledge of chemistry is used in agriculture as follows:
Manufacture of fertilizers used in agriculture to increase crop yields when
added in soil.
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Making pesticides that minimize the damage of the crops by pests.
Manufacture of plastic pipes for improved irrigation.
c) Pharmaceutical industry Knowledge of chemistry is used in
pharmaceutical industry as follows:
Manufacture of medicines and vaccines that are used for treating different
diseases.
d) Food and beverage industry Knowledge of chemistry is used in food
and beverage industry as follows:
To preserve food such as meat, fish and vegetables.
Treat milk so that it can last for many months without going bad.
Making alcoholic beverages.
e) Transport industry Chemistry knowledge is used in fuel processing
and road construction
Q5. Measuring cylinder
. Burette
.pipette
.syringes 8marks 2marks for each
Q6. a. filter funnel or pipette
b. balance
c. conical flask
d. separating funnel
e. pipette
f. thermometer
g. tes tube
h. burette 8marks 1marks for each
Q7.A, 4 marks
1. Condensation : is the change of state from gas or vapor to liquid due to
cooling.
2 Evaporation: or Vaporization is the change of state from liquid to
gas due to heating.
3. melting is the change of solid into a liquid on heating.
4. Sublimation: Is the change of a solid directly into a gas (or a
vapour) on heating or reverse change from vapor to solid. It changes
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without passing through liquid state. Ex: Substances which sublime: Iodine,
dry
B, In solid: the particles are held together by strong inter particle force of
attraction
In solid The particles do not diffuse; they just vibrate in a fixed position.
In liquid The particles are able to move from place to place because the
inter particle forces of attraction are slightly weaker than in solid.
In liquid When heated with sufficient energy results in evaporation.
4marks
Q8. a. True 6marks
b. True
c. False
d. False
[Link]
f. True
Q9. a. isotopes 4marks
b. atomic number
Q10 . complete the blank spaces in the following table/ 9marks
Particle Mass Charge symbol
[Link] 1 +1 p
[Link] 1 No charge n
c. electron 1/1840 -1 e
Q11. A, oxygen /2mark
b. Nitrogen /2mark
c. inert/ rare gas /1mark
d. Respiration of living things (O2) 4marks for 4 correct uses
Burning (O2)
In photosynthesis (CO2)
In fire extinguisher (CO2)
Plant feeding (N2)
Wind (moving air) rotates turbines for electricity production.
e. Recycling wastes 3marks for 3correct elements
Plant more trees
Avoid much use of pesticides and insecticides
Use of renewable sources of energy.
Using catalytic converters in cars.
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SECTION B: ATTEMPT ANY THREE QUESTIONS /30 Marks
Q12 . 10 marks, 2marks for each
a. A l2O3
b. N a2 SO4
c. M g3( PO4)2
d. C a C l2
e. K 2 SO4
Q13. A) 19 10 marks 2.5 for each
b) P= 19
A= 39 N
A-P= 39-19=20
C) 2:8:8:1
d) losing electron because it has one electron on its outer most shell
Q14. a Underground water from boreholes, springs and wells
Surface water from lakes, rivers and streams, seas/oceans
Atmospheric water from water vapor in the air (rain water)
B, There are various essential steps involved in purification of water
namely, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection
o C, Pure water is colourless, tasteless, odourless and clear.
o Pure water exists in all the three states of matter.
o It freezes to solid ice at 0ºC and boils at 100ºC.
o Has a density of 1g/cm3 while oclean water
o It is free from contaminants such as heavy metals, bacteria, chlorides
and fluorides.
o It contains natural minerals.
o It usually has natural spring taste.
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D, For domestic purposes such as cooking, drinking and washing.
It is a natural solvent that allows many chemical reactions to take
place in both plants and animals.
It is a habitat for many aquatic plants and animals.
E, When water is dropped onto anhydrous copper (II) sulphate, the white
color of the salt turns blue.
When a paper is dipped in cobalt (II) chloride solution, it turns blue. When
this blue paper is damped into water, it turns pink 10 marks, 2marks for
each marks
Q15. a. fractional distillation 10 marks , 2marks for each
b. W : fractionating column
c. A: Water out B: water in
d. ethanol
e. ethanol will evaporate first because has low boiling point
Q16 a) P and S 2.5marks
b) P,Q and R 2.5marks
C) 5marks
Metals Metalloids Non Metals
P and S T Q and R
END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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