Werabe University

College of Social Sciences

Department of Geography and Environmental studies

Online model exit exam questions for 2015 E.C Graduate GeES students

Direction: - Choose the correct alternative for the following question and write your
letter of choice in the space provided.

1. Branch climatology that studies the thermodynamic processes in the atmosphere

A. Applied Climatology
B. Physical climatology
C. Synoptic climatology
D. Regional climatology
E. Dynamic Climatology
2. Which weather forecasting system is valid for a month?
A. Short range
B. Medium range
C. Long range
D. Both Medium and long range
3. One of the following is NOT the main elements of weather and climate?
A. Temperature
B. Sunshine duration in a day
C. Precipitation
D. Vegetation cover
4. One is the most abundant greenhouse gas in earth’s atmosphere?
A. Ozone
B. Nitrogen
C. Methane
D. Water vapour
E. Carbon dioxide
5. Which one is NOT the characteristics of atmosphere
A. It can be compressed or expanded
B. It is transplant to short wave radiation but can absorb long wave radiation
C. It has weight and exerts pressure
D. It increases with altitude
6. Based on measurability of climate element, which measurement type is helps to know
past climate information of an area?
A. Proxy
B. Derived
C. Measured
D. None
7. High turbulence of atmospheric gas is found in ________ layer of the atmosphere.
A. Troposphere
B. Stratosphere
C. Mesosphere
D. Thermosphere
8. All are CORRECT, EXCEPT ONE
A. As the altitude increases the atmospheric pressure will decreases
B. In principle, as elevation increases the temperature will also increases
C. Atmospheric pressure and density of gases have a positive relationship
D. At normal condition, warm temperature lies over cold temperature
9. _________occurs when air is warmed during the day time and rises.
A. Orographic and frontal uplift
B. Convective or adiabatic cooling
C. Radiation (contact) cooling
D. Advection cooling
10. Air stability is formed
A. When parcel of rising unsaturated air cools less rapidly than the surrounding air.
B. When a rising parcel of unsaturated air cools more rapidly than the air
surrounding.
C. When a rising parcel of unsaturated air warms more rapidly than the air
surrounding.
D. When the rising parcel and the surrounding air density is balanced
11. Imagine that you measure the moisture content of the air and you get relative
humidity of 85 % ,so the value that you get shows
A. The air is saturated
B. The air is moist but not completely saturated
C. The air is dry.
D. “A” and “B” are correct
12. ________ is the least dangerous form of UV radiation
A. UV-A radiation
B. UV-B radiation
C. UV-C radiation
D. Both UV-A and UV-B radiation
13. One of the following is NOT the characteristics of mesosphere.
A. The top part of mesopause has the lowest temperature close to -100 oc
B. This layer is the hottest zone of the atmosphere.
C. Pressure is very low due to the lower density of the atmospheric molecules.
D. It is the darkest part of the atmosphere due to the scarcity of the air molecules.
14. Ratio of the dominant gases in the first (original) atmosphere is
A. Hydrogen (71%) and Helium (27%)
B. Hydrogen (78%) and Helium (21%)
C. Nitrogen (71 %) and Oxygen (27%)
D. Nitrogen (78 %) and Oxygen (21%)
15. One of the following factors does NOT control weather and climate of an area?
A. The distance between sun and earth.
B. Altitude
C. Distribution of land and water bodies
D. Latitude
E. None of the above
16. Which of the following is referred as the water sphere as it includes all the
earth's water?
A. Atmosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Hydrosphere
D. Biosphere
17. Which of the following is CORRECT order of abundance of water forms from
lowest to highest?
A. Solid-gas-liquid
B. Solid-liquid-gas
C. Liquid-solid-gas
D. Gas-solid-liquid#
18. Among the following statements which one is NOT correct about aims of watershed
management?
A. Reclaiming marginal lands through appropriate conservation measures
B. Harvesting surplus water to create water resources
C. Reducing income of individuals by the diversified agriculture
D. Conserving soil, and vegetation effectively for productive uses
19. Which of the following refers to water existing on the earth’s surface that is the
smallest?
A. Atmospheric water
B. Surface water
C. Subsurface water
D. Ground water
20. Among the following which one is NOT the physical property of water?
A. Water in a pure state has no color, no odor, and no taste.
B. Water has dissolving power and is sometimes called a universal solvent
C. Water has High Heat Capacity or Specific Heat
D. Water can exist in all the three physical states/forms and change these forms
easily
21. Of the following which one refers to the mechanical lifting of moist air over
mountain barriers, causes heavy precipitation on the windward side?
A. Convectional precipitation
B. Orographic precipitation
C. Frontal precipitation
D. Cyclonic precipitation
22. Which one refers to the capture of precipitation by the plant canopy and its
subsequent return to the atmosphere through evaporation or sublimation?
A. Precipitation
B. Interception
C. Transpiration
D. Filtration
23. Which one refers to the boundary between the zone of aeration and zone of
saturation?
A. Water table
B. Spring
C. Groundwater
D. Surface Water
24. From the following which one is NOT the effect of water pollution?
A. Devastating not only to people but also to animals
B. unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture, and industry
C. it is a hazard to environment
D. Increases the aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers
25. Among the following statements which one is NOT correct about importance of
watershed management?
A. Reduce natural resource degradation and desertification
B. Increase greenhouse effect
C. Improving fresh water scarcity
D. Increase yield from decreasing per capita land holding
26. Which of the following is exogenic processes?

A. Volcanism
B. Earth quake
C. Erosion
D. Orogenisis
27. ________ is a planar fracture or crack in volume of earth’s crust, across which there
has been significant displacement of a block or blocks of crust.
A. Folding
B. Fault
C. Weathering
D. Mountain building
28. What causes an earth quake?
A. Frequent occurrences of cyclones
B. Underground nuclear explosion
C. Movement of plates of earth
D. Drilling of crude oil
29. Rift valley is formed due to ________.
A. Warping
B. Faulting
C. Folding
D. Orogenesis
30. Granite is a typical example of: _____
A. Metamorphic rock
B. Sedimentary rock
C. Igneous rock
D. Limestone
31. Running water is the chief agent of the formation of ________.
A. Sedimentary rock
B. Metamorphic rock
C. Igneous rock
D. Lava
32. The earth turns through 360° in 24 hrs. Each 15° longitude represents_____.
A. One hour
B. 15 minutes
C. One hour and half
D. 1 hour and 15 minutes
33. Metamorphic rocks are formed under
A. Low pressure and low temperature
B. High pressure and high temperature
C. High pressure and low temperature
D. Sedimentation
34. Which of the following statement is CORRECT about process or functional
geomorphology?
A. It studies about interaction of human with land scape and landforms.
B. It concerned with the study of the evolution of land forms.
C. It is the study of the influence of climate on land forms.
D. It studies about geomorphic process responsible for the formation of different
surface forms.
35. Which of the following is CORRECT about crust, EXCEPT?
A. Crust is the outer hard cover of the earth.
B. The volume of the crust accounts for 80% percent of the Earth’s total volume.
C. It is the thinnest of the Earth’s zones.
D. It contains the continents and ocean basins.

36. Which one of the following parameter emphasizes the orientation of slope,
measured clockwise in degrees from 0 to 360?
A. Digital Elevation Model
B. Aspect
C. Hillshade
D. Viewshed
37. Which one of the following land use planning level in Ethiopia that create link
between higher and lower levels of planning?
A. National level
B. Cluster wide area level
C. Local level
D. Regional level
38. Among the following statement identify INCORRECTLY stated ones?
A. Land suitability classification is evaluated with respect to specified kinds of land
use
B. Water body, grassland, bare land and residential are basic groups of land cover
types
C. The goal of land use planning is to meet the need of the present generation
without affecting the need of the future generations.
D. Land use plan to be acceptable in the community it should consider compressive
approaches during planning stage
39. Which one of the following drainage pattern that radiate outwards from a central high
point?
A. Radial
B. Dendrite
C. Annular
D. Trellis
40. In order to perform terrain analysis for land use planning of specific area by digital
approach, which one is economical and appropriate data source.
A. Topographic map
B. Ground survey
C. Satellite imagery
D. Base map
41. Which one of the following terrain feature is different from the other?
A. Hill
B. Depression
C. Spur
D. Valley
42. Which one is correctly show the possible scenarios that will happen when we move
away from central business district (CBD)?
A. The price of land will be lower
B. The land use system will be mixed
C. The agricultural land use will decrease
D. The transition of residential land use into agricultural use
43. In Sherve method when two streams with different order second and third merge the
resulting stream order will be
A. Third order
B. Fifth order
C. Sixth order
D. Fourth order
44. One of the practical application of terrain analysis in aviation industry is
A. To estimate the flight time
B. To select the landing place
C. To determine the flight height
D. To know the weather patterns of flight route
45. Which one of the following is a NOT basic property of terrain features?
A. Rock characteristics
B. Weather characteristics
C. Hydrology characteristics
D. Land Use and Land cover
46. An approach of economic geography that applies to the study of a particular
type of product/commodity or a categorical-group of commodities is ______.
A. Principle Approach
B. Topical / Commodity Approach
C. Activity Approach
D. Regional Approach
47. The differences or variations in resources and the activities carried between places
and regions involve the movement of people and flow of goods and services. This is
termed as _____.
A. Comparative advantage
B. Spatial interaction
C. Spatial patterns
D. Spatial processes
48. Which of the following mineral is CORRECTLY matched with the leading
producer?
A. Iron ----- South Africa
B. Coal ------ Russia
C. Crude oil ------- Middle East
D. Gold --------- Canada
49. According to Weber If the Material index is greater than 1, there must be a weight
loss in manufacturing. The location of the industries will be:
A. near the source of raw materials
B. near to the market
C. inter mediate point
D. any area
50. Which Industries gain weight in manufacturring?
A. Food processing
B. Smelting of ores
C. Brewing and cement
D. Forestry
51. Which of the following is the best definition of Economic Geography?
A. It is the study of how individuals and societies choose to use scarce resources
B. Is the scientific study of the earth, which analyses and describes the spatial
arrangements and variations of the physical and human phenomena.
C. Deals with the analysis and description of the spatial distribution of various types
of economic activities to provide explanations about the factors affecting the
location and distribution of the activities over a geographical space.
D. studies the overall behaviour and performance of an entire economy
52. Which of the following theory is more relevant in the sub Saharan areas in which
environmental conditions are more unpredictable?
A. Game theory
B. Webbers’ Industrial Location theory
C. Vonthunen’s Agricultural theory
D. Lews theory
53. Which of the following agricultural system were related with the permanent settlers in
the Tigris - Euphrates, Nile and Indus valleys?
A. Mixed farming
B. Arable farming
C. Pastoral farming
D. Commercial farming
54. Of the following which one is NOT a branch of Economic geography?
A. Transport Geography
B. Tourism Geography
C. Soil Geography
D. Agricultural Geography
55. _________are taxes or duties levied on imported articles.
A. Subsides
B. Quotas
C. Tariffs
D. Trading Blocs
56. From the following statement which one is INCORRECT about definition of
region?
A. A region is areas on earth surface marked by certain properties are homogeneous
inside.
B. A region is a part of the earth surface with similar features makes it unique from
other area.
C. A region is areas on earth surface marked by certain properties are heterogeneous
inside.
D. A region is areas of land marked by certain properties are distinct from
surrounding.
57. Among the following planning type which one is mainly concerned with orderly
spatial arrangement of man -made structure and activities to create health
environment to living?
A. Physical plan
B. Local plan
C. Social plan
D. Economic plan
58. Assume that horns of African counties are having a plan to develop common
currency, common passport and free movement in the same passport in each country
without boundary limitation. Such type of planning is categorized under ___.
A. National planning
B. International planning
C. Inter- planning
D. Intera-planning
59. The Government of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) has plan to
construct highway system in all part of Ethiopian region to connect all regions in
highway road network .These above type of plan was grouped under ______.
A. Intra- regional planning
B. Inter-regional planning
C. National planning
D. Sub-regional planning
60. From the following statement which one is CORRECTLY expresses about short
term planning?
A. It is a planning deal with instructional & structural change for long term socio-
economic development.
B. It is a planning for the solution of current economic problem & take major action
to minimize inflation rate.
C. It is over all goals of the company set five year future and base on reaching the
medium target.
D. It is a planning for the solution for future economic development and increasing
of countries GDP
61. All of the followings attribute are 3rd world urban problem EXCEPT ONE.
A. The structure of urban design is the effect of European colonialism & neocolonial.
B. Low and unreliable wage of informal sector and unemployment.
C. Rural to urban mobility is stabilized & rate of urbanization is low.
D. Transport & infrastructural problem like traffic congestion & parking difficulties.
62. From the following one is NOT TRUE about bulk gaining industry, which one?
A. Finished product weighs more than the inputs product
B. Factory is located near the market
C. Inputs weight more that final
D. There is greater cost of shipping inputs to factory
63. From the following alternative one is NOT TRUE about the long run the firm has to
build the following.
A. Firms have time to build a bigger factory
B. Companies can leave a market
C. Companies can enter market
D. Companies have no time to adjust prices
64. From the following alternative which one the highest level of planning in a country?
A. Inter-National Planning
B. Regional Planning
C. National Planning
D. Local Planning
65. Which of the following is responsible for the widespread development of squatter
settlement in the urban centers of Ethiopia?
A. Due to low skilled labor
B. Imbalance between housing demand and supply
C. Shortage of building material
D. The scarcity of building land
66. From the following development which one is meet the needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their
own need.
A. Economic development
B. Social development
C. Economic growth
D. Sustainable development
67. What do you understand by the concept of “aggregate growth model plan?”
A. It is the process of taking a large operation and breaking in to smaller plans.
B. It is marketing activity that aggregate plan for the production process, in advance
of 6 to 8 month to given an idea to manage.
C. It is the processes of developing, analyzing and maintaining over all operation of
an organization.
D. It is a situation in which demand needs to be increased in order to match capacity
of price & promotion.
68. Which of the following is NOT a challenge to Ethiopia’s socio-economic
development?
A. Rapid population growth
B. Unexpected weather change
C. Diversified climatic zone
D. Low level of infrastructure
69. Horns of African counties are having a plan to develop common currency, common
passport and free movement in the same passport in each country without boundary
limitation. Such type of planning is categorized under ___.
A. National planning
B. International planning
C. Inter- planning
D. Intera-planning
70. From the following long run growth determinant factor which one is directly related
to an increment & decrement of price?
A. Demographic change
B. Growth of productivity
C. Labor force participation
D. Human capital & Technology
71. Which one of the following theories of development that better applicable for
developing nations of Latin America and Africa?
A. Modernization theory
B. Dependency theory
C. World system theory
D. Core and periphery theory
72. Which one of the following best description of development?
A. development is change in per/capita income of the people
B. development is increment of total GDP of certain nations
C. It is improvement on all aspects of human beings
D. It is one aspects of growth
73. Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?
A. Economic growth is increase national per/capita income of the country
B. Economic growth is measured by HDI
C. Economic growth is short term incensement of national income
D. Economic growth is comprehensive change of the society
74. Which one of the following country categorized under CP/Center-periphery/
A. China
B. Angola
C. Cameron
D. Cambodia
75. Which one of the following statement is CORRECT about core and periphery
development/growth theory?
A. Core areas are considered as engine of economic growth
B. Periphery areas are characterized by high wage labor
C. Periphery areas have highly skilled man power
D. Periphery areas are characterized by sophisticated industrialization
76. According to Rostow’s economic growth theory industrial diversification and
producing a wide range of goods and services categorized under the stage:-
A. Take of stage
B. Mass consumption
C. Drive to maturity
D. Traditional society
77. Which one of the following countries categorized under the CC/Center Center/
category?
A. Germany
B. Netherlands
C. UK
D. All
78. Per/capita income category of economically least developed countries is:-
A. Less than 1000 dollars
B. Between 1000- 3000 dollars
C. Between 40,000- 60000 dollars
D. Above 10000 dollars
79. In which of the following region/regions level of poverty is very least?
A. Far East Asia
B. Sub-Saharan Africa
C. North America
D. Middle East
80. Which one of the following is NOT among the major principles of sustainable
development?
A. The present and future generations have equal right to use environmental
resources
B. End poverty globally
C. The polluters must compensate for damage of environment
D. World state shall cooperate to protect environment
81. One of the following /SDGs/Sustainable development Goal newly emerged goal.
A. Poverty
B. Hunger
C. Economic growth
D. primary education for all
82. One of the following is environmental indicator of sustainable development?
A. Investment share to GDP
B. Concentration of Air pollution in urban areas
C. Trade balance
D. None of the above
83. Which one of the following is NOT true about sustainable development?
A. It is compromising the ability of future generation their own needs
B. It tries to meet the needs of both present and future generation
C. It meets the needs of present generation than future generation
D. It focuses on the proper utilization of environmental resources
84. Which one of the following is political factor that affect development?
A. lack of primary school access
B. lack of standardize housing
C. lack of stable government
D. lack of employment
85. Which one of the following theories of development that proposed by Latin American
countries?
A. Modernization theory
B. Dependency theory
C. World system theory
D. Core and periphery theory
86. Which one of the following is NOT the characteristic of culture?
A. Culture is capable of being transmitted from one generation to the next.
B. It is something that an individual‘s alone can possess
C. Culture is not inherited biologically but learnt socially by man.
D. It is subjected to change and growth
87. Human culture is an interdisciplinary issue in social science fields like Anthropology,
sociology and other cultural studies. But cultural geography in particular retains its
focuses on
A. The study of people and their cultures.
B. The systematic study of social interactions and structures.
C. The diverse expression of culture while maintaining an emphasis on environment,
space and place.
D. Social phenomena in the world. Particularly the aftereffect of Imperialism and
Colonialism and World War II.
88. Which of the following statement clearly explains the concept of cultural region?
A. The human imprint of culture formed on a geographic environment
B. It is the interconnectedness of various cultural components in the environment
C. It is concerned with the spread of culture and the factors that account for it.
D. A portion of Earth’s surface that has common cultural elements
89. Why does spatial pattern of culture exist?
A. It is because people liked to live differently.
B. This is due to the uniformity of the physical earth.
C. Primarily due to global environmental diversity
D. It is because culture is Universal and shared.
90. Two great economic revolutions occurred in the development of culture. The first of
these is
A. Domestication of plants and Animals
B. The use of machines and power in manufacturing and transportation
C. The use of words for communication
D. Changing human power by various forms of inanimate power.
91. Which of the following is the characteristics of pre-industrial societies
A. New inventions influenced people's daily lives.
B. Societies are small, rural and depend on local resources
C. Masses of people were moving to urban areas
D. Societies depend on the production of information and services.
92. Identify the INCORRECT statement
A. The early cultural hearths developed in the valleys and basins of the great river
systems.
B. Cultural hearths are the sources of civilizations in which ideas, innovations and
ideologies radiate from it.
C. The modern cultural hearth is the industrial revolution
D. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indian and China are examples of modern cultural hearths.
93. Which of the following statement is TRUE about language families?
A. Semitic and Hamitic languages are sub-group of languages in the Indo-European
language family.
B. The largest and most widespread language family is Indo-European.
C. The Bantu languages of Africa are part of Afro Asiatic language family
D. Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and French languages are grouped under Germanic
branch
94. All types of diffusions have effect on the spread of language. But_________ has been
extremely important.
A. Hierarchical diffusion
B. Contagious diffusion
C. Relocation diffusion
D. Stimulus diffusion
95. Identify religions of Indo-Gangetic Hearth
A. Shintoism, Confucianism, Taoism , Shamanism
B. Hinduism, Christianity and Islam
C. Judaism, Christianity and Islam
D. Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism
96. Monotheistic religions of the world include
A. Judaism, Christianity and Islam
B. Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism
C. Hinduism, Christianity and Islam
D. Christianity, Islam and Buddhism
97. Most of the peoples of Europeans are belong to the
A. Mongoloid race
B. Caucasoid race
C. Negroid race
D. Austroid race
98. All of the following expressions accurately describe the difference between race and
ethnicity EXCEPT ONE?
A. Race is socially constructed, while ethnicity refers to shared cultural heritage.
B. Ethnicity is state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or
cultural tradition. But race is more biological
C. Ethnicity connotes shared cultural traits. But race presumes shared biological or
genetic traits.
D. Race connotes shared cultural traits. But ethnicity presumes shared biological or
genetic traits.
99. Which of the following CANNOT be a significant example of social change?
A. Removing child marriage in Ethiopia.
B. Independence movement
C. Right to education
D. Information technology revolution
100. Which of the following is CORRECT for social change?
A. We are focusing not in changes in the experiences of an individual, but on
variations in social structures, institutions and social relationships.
B. Every change within a given society is social change.
C. Social change is totally free from controversy.
D. Every change in a society have equal value and always positive.
101. Which one of the following disciplines is more concerned with migration and
spatial variation?

A. Demography
B. Population Geography
C. Population studies
D. Economics
102. One of the following is the best major source of demographic data widely used in
present world?
A. Vital registration system
B. Demographic sample survey
C. Continuous population registration system
D. Population census
103. Which region of the new world has been the least populous and so sparsely settled?
A. Tropical Rain forest areas
B. Central and Western Europe
C. Western Africa coastal areas
D. North Eastern United states
104. Which one of the following factors can affect fertility only indirectly?
A. Biological factors
B. Socio-economic factors
C. Institutional interventions.
D. Demographic factors
105. The notion that unchecked population grows geometrically whereas the means of
subsistence (food) production increases arithmetically is associated with which
theory?
A. Malthusian theory of population
B. Optimum theory of population
C. Theory of demographic transition
D. Boserupian theory of population
[Link] high fertility rate in Africa is can be explained in terms of all of the following
factors except?
A. Religious beliefs
B. low level of urbanization
C. Favorable climate
D. Inadequate family planning
[Link] the following one is the effect of population pyramid?
A. The size of the population of a given geographical unit
B. The vital rates of the population a given country
C. The distribution of the population of a country by age and sex
D. The distribution of the population of a country by income category
[Link] of following factors influencing national population policy is a reliable
demographic, social and economic data base.
A. Man power constraints
B. Institutional Constraints
C. Socio-Cultural Constraints
D. Insufficient Data and limited knowledge of the demographic
[Link] Ethiopia one of the following is the basic problems related Populations.
A. High population growth rate
B. Low mortality Rate
C. High sex ration
D. High migration rate
[Link] of the following is TRUE about under population Except one
A. Underutilization of the resources
B. high growth of industries
C. The highest standard of living
D. The maximum utilization of resource
[Link] age structure a population of a country mainly reveals that?
A. Rate of Population growth
B. Sex ratio of population
C. Doubling time
D. Dependence ratio

[Link] of the following is TRUE about water resource of Ethiopia, EXCEPT?

A. Ethiopia has large water resource potential

B. Most of Ethiopian rivers are trans-boundary
C. The water resource of Ethiopia provides large potential for hydropower.
D. Ethiopia has nine river basins with total annual surface runoff of 100 billion m3.
[Link] the following one is NOT a cause for natural resource degradation?
A. Urbanization
B. Conservation
C. Over population
D. Overgrazing
[Link] one is a best way to address the problems associated with environmental
mismanagement EXCEPT?
A. Implement different environmental laws and policies
B. Support organizations and institutions work on environment by different angles.
C. Manage demographic change and population pressure of the continent
D. Overexploit ecological services for sustainable life
[Link] of the following resource types are found in one place or area?
A. Unique resources
B. Stock resources
C. Renewable resource
D. Flow resources
[Link] followings are agents of physical weathering, EXCEPT?
A. Wind
B. Carbonation
C. Water
D. Temperature
[Link] of the following natural resource conservation system is to improve land with
degraded vegetation?
A. Check dams
B. Wind breaks
C. Area closure
D. Shifting cultivation
[Link] followings are an ecological roles of forest, EXCEPT?
A. Plants provide habitat to different types of organisms
B. Forests provide an environment for many species of plants and animals
C. Forests act as hydrologic flow modulators
D. The layer of leaves that fall around the tree causes environmental degradation.
[Link] of the following is NOT TRUE about the advantages of dams and reservoirs
of water?
A. Displaces people and destroy vast area of valuable agricultural land, wild life and
others
B. Helps to increase the supply of water by collecting fresh surface water
C. Reduce the danger of flooding in downstream areas
D. Helps to generate hydropower
[Link] of a series of different crops in the same field over a period of time
alternatively is_________.
A. Agro forestry
B. Crop rotation
C. Mixed cropping
D. Shifting cultivation

[Link] of the following are livelihood and food security strategies implemented in
Ethiopia, except______.
A. Agricultural extensification and intensification
B. Income diversification
C. The shift from sedentarised agro pastoralism to nomadic pastoralism
D. Redistribution of land by the state
[Link] of the following policies and strategies aim to promote the adoption of
improved technological inputs and practices, in order to raise agricultural productivity
and generate savings for investment in other sectors?
A. Agricultural Development Led-Industrialization Strategy.
B. Rural Development Policy and Strategies
C. Sustainable Development Program to Reduce Poverty
D. Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty
[Link] Sufficient quantities of appropriate, necessary types of food from any sources
available to all individuals is
A. Food Availability
B. Food Access
C. Food Utilization
D. Food stability
[Link] medically recommended level of calorie intake per day per adult for Ethiopia is
A. 1200 kcal/day/person
B. 2100 kcal/day/person
C. 3000 kcal/day/person
D. 2500 kcal/day/person
125.A food security analysis technique that has been specifically developed and
validated for cross-cultural use is
A. Household Hunger Scale
B. Household Food Balance Model
C. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale
D. Household Dietary Diversity Scale
[Link] development theory seeks to engage local populations in development
projects?
A. Participatory development approach
B. Developmental state model
C. Sector-wide approaches
D. Rights-based approaches
[Link] one is not true about sustainable livelihoods approach?
A. It can help to plan development activities
B. It organizes the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities,
C. Improves understanding of the livelihoods of the wealthy on urban centers
D. Conducted in partnership with the public and private sectors
[Link] which stages of development project does the development problem accurately
defined.
A. Research Stage
B. Design Stage
C. Implementation Stage
D. Evaluation Stage
[Link] households diversify their economic activities away from reliance on the
primary enterprise we call this as______.
A. Livelihood intensification
B. Livelihood diversification
C. Income diversification
D. Livelihood Strategy
[Link] are the guiding principles of Sustainable livelihoods framework except.
A. Be people-centered
B. Be holistic
C. Promote micro-macro links
D. Be static
[Link] the following alternatives one is an application that allows you to
organize, edit, rename and delete spatial datasets?
A. Arcmap
B. Arccatalog
C. Arctoolbox
D. Arcview
[Link] one of the following subsystem is commonly thought as the heart of a GIS
A. Data acquisition subsystem
B. Data input subsystem
C. Data storage and retrieval subsystem
D. Data manipulation and analysis subsystem
[Link] one of the following statement is true about the generalization description of
map?
A. Small scale map can contain more details at the expense of generalization.
B. A small scale map must be generalized.
C. Too much details undermine the message of the map
D. Amount of detail is related to the scale of the map.
[Link] one of the following methods of data input is used for tabular data, or for small
number of coordinates pairs read from a paper map sources or pocket GPS.
A. Manual digitizing
B. Keyboard entry
C. Electronic data transfer
D. Scanning

[Link] one of the following is NOT advantages of raster data model

 A. Simple data structure
B. Compatible with RS imagery
C. Need high computer storage
D. Simple for own programming
136.A zero-dimensional abstraction of an object represented by a single X, Y co-ordinate.
A. Point data
B. Line data
C. Polygon data
D. Raster data
[Link] one of the following characteristics of forest data describes the spatial data
features?
A. The coordinate location of a forestry
B. The cover group category of a forestry
C. The dominant species name of the forestry
D. The height measure of a forestry
[Link] one of the following is a discrete geographic field which cut up the study space
in mutually exclusive bounded parts with all locations in one part having the same
field value
A. Temperature
B. Barometric pressure
C. Land Classification
D. Elevation
[Link] one of the following map element explains the meaning of graphical symbols?
A. Title
B. North arrow
C. Legend
D. Scale
[Link] earliest known map was painted on _____.
A. On An animal skin
B. A sheet of paper
C. On A clay
D. On A piece of wood
[Link] earliest known maps may date back to _____.
A. 7,000 BC
B. 2300 BC
C. 100 AB
D. 400 AB
[Link] geographic tool is a three dimensional model of the Earth?
A. Globe
B. Map
C. GPS
D. Satellite imagery
[Link] rejected the views of his teacher Anaximinder regarding the shape of the earth?
A. Erastosthens
B. Hecataeus
C. Pythagoras
D. Ptolemy
[Link] is the most famous Cartographer?
A. Ptolemy
B. Hipparchus
C. Eratosthenes
D. Anaximinder
[Link] is formed from which if these languages?
A. Spanish
B. French
C. Greek
D. Roman
[Link] is another name for calling Cartography?
A. Map Projection
B. Map Construction
C. Map Drawing
D. Map Making
[Link] most common map projections are based on three geometric shapes. Which of the
following geometric shapes is NOT one of them?
A. Cone
B. Plane
C. Cylinder
D. Square
[Link] projections are distorted near the ______________
A. Date line
B. Equator
C. Pole
D. Prime meridian
[Link] designed the Mercator Map?
A. Thales
B. Gerardus Mercator
C. Anaximinder
D. William Mercator
[Link] one is NOT a part of Digital cartography in geography?
A. GIS
B. Remote sensing
C. Table surveying
D. Global mapper
151. One is the INCORRECT statement about the modern cartography?
A. Arab geographers laid the foundation for the modern cartography.
B. Measurement of the circumference of the Earth contributes for modern geography
C. Modern maps were drawn on the same projections
D. The aerial photographs are the sources of data for modern maps

152. Choose the correct sequences for the Processes of cartography

 A. Collecting data ---- Manipulating data----- constructing map ----- viewing the map
….. interpreting the information
B. Collecting data ---- constructing the map ---- Manipulating data ---- viewing the
map … interpreting the information
C. Collecting data ----- viewing the map ------- Manipulating data------ constructing
the map -- interpreting the information
D. Collecting data --------- constructing the map -------- viewing the map ……
Manipulating data -- interpreting the information
[Link] depending upon area to be mapped can have
A. Small area – less/no distortion
B. Large area – more distortion
C. Small area - no distortion
D. Large area – no distortion
[Link] selection of scale CANNOT depend on __________.
A. The size of the paper
B. The amount and characters of details of information.
C. The area to be mapped.
D. Map distance
155._______ is the type of projection that is used most often for Polar Regions
A. Cylindrical Projection
B. Azimuthal
C. Transverse Cylindrical Projection
D. Conical Map Projection
[Link] of the following statement is CORRECT about image resolution except one?

A. The finer the spectral resolution. the narrower the wavelength range for a
particular channel or band
B. The coarser the radiometric resolution of a sensor, the more sensitive it is to
detecting small different in reflected or emitted energy
C. The finer the spatial resolution the less total ground area can be seen
D. The coarser the spatial resolution the less total ground area can be seen
157. Which of the following statements are NOT including of agricultural application of
remote sensing?
A. Mapping of soil characteristics
B. Reconnaissance mapping
C. Crop condition assessment
D. Assessment of the health of crop early detection of crop infestation
[Link] of the following are the primary colors of visible spectrum?
A. Blue, Violate, Red
B. Blue, Red, Yellow
C. Blue, Green, Orange
D. Blue, Green, Red
 159. Which of the following electromagnetic spectrum region are used to metrology,
hydrology, oceans, geology, agriculture, forestry, ice and topographic mapping?
A. Ultraviolet or UV Region
B. Infrared (IR) region
C. Microwave region
D. Visible spectrum
160._______ is occurs when particles or large gas molecules existing in the atmosphere.
A. Transmission
B. Scattering
C. Transmission
D. Reflection
161. Which of the following statements are NOT including dis advantage of remote
sensing?
A. Need cross verification with ground survey data
B. Distortion may occur in an image due to the relative motion of sensor and source
C. Provide data of very remote and faraway regions
D. Data from multiple sources may create misunderstanding
162. Which of the following statements are CORRECT about the relationship between
wavelength and frequency?
A. The longer the wavelength, the higher the frequency.
B. The two are directly related to each other.
C. The lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength.
163. ___________is occur the atmospheric conditions such as fog or aerosols, sensor's
response.
A. Radiometric distortion
B. Geometric distortion
C. Lens distortion
D. All of the above
164. _______ is a graphical representation of the brightness values that comprise an image.
A. Linear contrast stretch
B. Spatial filtering
C. Histogram
D. Enhancement
165. Which of the following spatial filtering used to geology, for the detection of linear
geologic structures.
A. Directional filters
B. High-pass filters
C. Low-pass filters
D. All of the above
166. Which of the following statements are CORRECT about active sensor?
A. To provide their own energy source for illumination.
B. Used to detect energy when the naturally occurring energy is available.
C. The sensor emits radiation which is directed toward the target to be investigated.
167. Which of the following Elements of Visual Interpretation are the arrangement and
regularity of tonal variation in particular areas of an image?
A. Shape
B. Association
C. shadow
D. Texture
168. What is expected by the term 'spatial filtering' in remote sensing?
A. Separating a scene into separate constituent parts and focusing on a smaller
section to increase the resolution.
B. A process by which a set of items is grouped into classes based on common
characteristics.
C. Considered to highlight or suppress specific features in an image based on their
spatial frequency.
D. To avoid radiometric errors or distortions, while geometric correction is to
remove geometric distortion.
169. An 8-bits image can have_____ total number of pixel values:
A. 64
B. 65536
C. 128
D. 256
170. An image that shows better details is said to be of:
A. Finer resolution
B. Moderate resolution
C. Coarser resolution
D. None of the above
171. _________is a process by which a set of items is grouped into classes based on
common characteristics.
A. Image classification
B. Image preprocessing
C. Image enhancement
D. Image transformation

[Link] sampling technique taken place by composing a population in to homogeneous

group based on nearest similar is
A. Simple random sampling
B. Stratified random sampling
C. Multi stage sampling
D. Systematic random sampling
[Link] a scientific research which step come first?
A. Statement of the problem
B. Formulating objectives
C. Problem identification
D. Description of the study area
[Link] the following which one is overall strategy that researcher chooses to integrate
the different components of the study in coherent and logical way?
A. Research design
B. Research approach
C. Review Literature
D. Sampling techniques
[Link] one of the following is INCORRECT about research design?
A. Research design supports, the researcher with a plan for studying an issue.
B. Research design decides the boundaries of research activity and focuses the
researcher in a multiple issue.
C. It enables the researcher to expect potential problem in implementation of the
study.
D. Research design is a plan that specifies how data should be collected & analyzed.
[Link] that one research group was conducted on assessment of instability of
Ethiopian political system in 2015 E.C. for the above research problem which
sampling techniques are most appropriate to select sample size?
A. Systematic random sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Purposive sampling
D. Simple random sampling
[Link] that Mr “A” Conducted research on “B” Study area to improve continuing
action and to monitor the effects. What do you think the type of “B”s research?
A. Basic research
B. Action research
C. Evaluative research
D. Applied research
178. From the following one is not characteristics of quantitative research?
A. Quantitative research is non-descriptive, applies statistics or mathematic.
B. Result Quantitative research are often presented in tables and graphs
C. quantitative research aim is to get the meaning, feeling and describe the situation
D. Statistics is the most widely used branch of mathematics in quantitative research.
[Link] one of the following is CORRECT about purpose of scientific research?
A. Discover new facts and understand the reality.
B. Disprove theories and revise human knowledge on different aspects.
C. Develop previous tools, concepts and theories for a better study.
D. Formulating strategies by providing expected data for national decision-making.
[Link] of the followings themes are providing satisfactory answers to the “where”
questions?
A. Ecological Analysis/Human ecology them
B. Spatial Analysis / Locational theme
C. Regional Analysis theme
D. Earth Science theme
[Link] that Werabe university GeES staff discussed on some research proposal work
and raise some questions relating to in specific topic. Some of the questions are what is
the nature of the problem? What is known? What is not known? Knowledge gap and
what is expected of it? These above expressed question area part of ______.
A. Background of the study
B. Objective of the study
C. Statement of the Problem
D. Research Questions
[Link] step is come first when Processes in reviewing literature?
A. Read the literature.
B. Identifying the relevant literature.
C. Analysing and interpreting the notes from different literatures.
D. Avoid the use of many quotations and plagiarisms.
[Link] of the following is categorized under categorical variables?
A. Gender
B. Age
C. Weight
D. Height
[Link] is NOT characters of Simple random sampling?
A. Every sampling unit has same chance of being selected.
B. It create comprehensive sampling frame.
C. Select your sample by using random number table.
D. Sampling unit have unequal chances of being selected
 Geography model exit exam answer Key
1. __E____ 32.__A____ 63.__D____
2. __C____ 33. _B____ 64.__C____
3. __D____ 34._D____ 65.__B___
4. __E____ 35.__B____ 66.__D____
5. __D____ 36. _B____ 67.__B____
6. __A____ 37. _D____ 68.__C___
7. __A___ 38.__B____ 69.__D____
8. __B____ 39. _A____ 70.__B____
9. __B____ 40._C_____ 71.__B____
10. __B____ 41. _C_____ 72.__C____
11. __B____ 42. __A____ 73.__A____
12. __A____ 43. __B____ 74. __A____
13. __B____ 44. __C____ 75.__A____
14. __A____ 45.___B____ 76.__C____
15. __E____ 46. _B____ 77. _D_____
16. ___C____ 47. __C____ 78.___A____
17. __D_____ 48. __C____ 79.___B___
18. __C_____ 49. __A____ 80.___B____
19. ___A____ 50. __C____ 81. __C____
20. ___B_____ 51.___C____ 82.___B____
21. ___B_____ 52.___A____ 83. _ A___
22. ___B_____ 53.___B____ 84.__C_____
23. ___A_____ 54.___C____ 85.__B____
24. ___D_____ 55.__C____ 86._B____
25. __B______ 56. __C____ 87._ C___
26. __C_______ 57. __A____ 88. ___D_____
27. ___B______ 58. __B____ 89.____C____
28. ___C______ 59. __B____ 90. ___A____
29. ___B______ 60. __B____ 91.___B_____
30. __C______ 61. __C____ 92.___D_____
31. __A______ 62. __C____ 93.___B___
94. __C_____ 138. C 182. B
95. __D_____ 139. C 183. A
96. __A_____ 140. C 184. D
97. __B_____ 141. B
98. ___D____ 142. A
99. __C____ 143. B
100.___A____ 144.D
101. __B____ 145. C
102. __D____ 146.D
103. __A____ 147.D
104. __B____ 148. C
105. __A____ 149. B
106. __C____ 150. C
107. __C____ 151. C
108. __D____ 152. A
109. __A____ 153. B
110.___A___ 154.D
111. __D___ 155. B
112.__D___ 156. C
113. _B____ 157. B
114. D 158. D
115. A 159. C
116. B 160. B
117. C 161. C
118. D 162. C
119. A 163. A
120. B 164. C
121. C 165. A
122. A 166. C
123. A 167. A
124. B 168. C
125. C 169. A
126. A 170. A
127. C 171. A
128. A 172. A
129. B 173. C
130. D 174. B
131. B 175. A
132. D 176. B
133. A 177. B
134. B 178. C
135. C 179. B
136. A 180.B
137. A 181.C