USING COMPUTER TOOLS
IN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
ANALYSIS
Electrical Power and Machines Engineering
2 Introduction to Electric Circuit Analysis
Circuit Analysis
3
A network, in the context
of electricity and electronics, is a
collection of interconnected
components.
Network analysis is the process
of finding the voltages across,
and the currents through, every
component in the network.
Information-gathering, the 5 Ws and 1 H
4
Why?
5
Why circuit analysis is so important?
Because, circuits include Hence,
Potential energy (volt) Circuit analysis techniques can be
Kinetic energy (current) used engineering fields that
include energy storage and
Energy storage
transfer.
Energy transfer
Why?
6
Why circuit analysis is so important?
Because, electricity is used in Hence,
Engines Proper design of electric and
Traffic electronic components becomes
more vital everyday.
Building
It is a common part in
Lighting
multidisciplinary analysis.
... almost in every device.
Who?
7
Who practice circuit analysis?
Researchers Operation Engineers
◼ Investigate circuits and parameters ◼ Usually for standard circuits
effects
Technicians
Design Engineers ◼ During trouble shooting
◼ Design new devices
◼ Design new application modules
◼ Equipment selection
When?
8
When circuit analysis is performed?
Design
Testing
Selection
Where?
9
Where circuit analysis is performed?
Research Institute
Computational centers
Company laboratory
What?
10
What are the requirements of circuit analysis?
Software Hardware
Schematic Analysis Large computation power
PCB layout Multi user facility
Material and component sheets Advanced printing and machining
Machining codes
What?
11
What is the major of circuit analysis specialist?
Circuit design is mainly
post graduate major, that
depends on the basic
major of undergraduate.
How?
12
How to analysis electric circuit?
Equation Symbolic Schematic Matrix
Spreadsheet Solver Editors solvers
Computation
13 Using Spread Sheets
Pictures can also be presented more dramatically in widescreen.
Spread sheets
14
A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application program
for organization and analysis of data in tabular form.
Spreadsheets developed as computerized simulations of
paper accounting worksheets.
The program operates on data represented as cells of an
array, organized in rows and columns.
Examples of spread sheet utilities
15
❑Open Source and Free Software
Cloud and On-line Spreadsheets that are Standalone
Spreadsheets parts of suites spreadsheets
• Sheetster • Gnumeric • Bean Sheet
• Simple Spreadsheet • KSpread • GNU Oleo
• Tiki Wiki CMS • LibreOffice Calc • Kingsoft Spreadsheets
Groupware • NeoOffice Free 2012
• wikiCalc (now called • [Link] Calc
SocialCalc)
Examples of spread sheet utilities
16
• Online spreadsheets
• Spreadsheets that are parts of suites
• Stand alone spreadsheets
Proprietary • Multi-Dimensional spreadsheets
software • Spreadsheets on different paradigms
• Spreadsheet-related developmental software
• Add-ins and spreadsheet assisting apps
❑ Wikipedia (List of spreadsheet software)
Spreadsheet main functions
17
Data Manipulation
• Calculations
• Statistics
• Database
Graphing
• Plots
Automation
• Different Paradigm Programmability
Reporting
• Formatting and Printing
Microsoft Excel
18
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed
by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS.
It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a
macro programming language called Visual Basic for
Applications.
It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these
platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has
replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for
spreadsheets
Microsoft Excel 2007
19
Microsoft Excel has the basic
features of all spreadsheets, Workbook
using a grid of cells arranged
Categories
in numbered rows and letter
named columns to organize Commands
data manipulations like Cell
arithmetic operations.
Range
Cell Example: A1, C8
Range Example: C3:C12 Worksheet Cell
Cell Formatting
20
Direct Editing
(F2)
Each cell contain a constant or
variable (Formula) of a
selectable format(Data Type).
Series Extension
21
Simple Formulas
22
Cell Referring
23
The extension is performed
via mouse movement.
References to cells inside a
certain formula would be
extended in accordance to
mouse movement.
Fixing of reference can be
made using the dollar sign “$”
Switch between cell reference
F4.
Using Function
24
Simple Charts
25
Excel as programming tool
26
Each cell presents a constant or variable.
Each work sheet presents one function.
Loops are made by formula application
Parameter and loops should be perpendicular.
Conditions are made by if function.
Recommended arrangement
27
Constants
Parameters
Application Examples
28
Different frequency sin wave generation
Rectifier Circuit
Delta-Start Transformation
Series and Parallel
Mesh-current
Example
Different frequency sin wave generation
29
V=Vm sin(wt+q) Constan
ts
w = 2pf
f, w, Vm
Vm can be changed
f varies 1 to 10Hz
wt varies 0 to 2p
Solution
30
Example
Full Wave Rectifier Circuit
31
Vs=Vm sin(wt+q)
Constants
w = 2pf
Vm can be changed
f, w, Vm
f can be change
wt varies 0 to 2p
R can be changed
Vo=|Vs|
Draw current waveform
Example
Delta-Start Transformation
32
R AB RCA
R AN =
R AB + RBC + RCA
RBC R AB
RBN =
R AB + RBC + RCA
RCARBC
RCN =
R AB + RBC + RCA
Example
Delta-Start Transformation
33
Z AN Z BN + Z BN ZCN + ZCN Z AN
Z AB =
ZCN
Z AN Z BN + Z BN ZCN + ZCN Z AN
Z BC =
Z AN
Z AN Z BN + Z BN ZCN + ZCN Z AN
ZCA =
Z BN
Solution
34
Solution Complex
35
Example
Series and Parallel
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Example
Mesh-current
37
In matrix form
RI=V
I = R-1V (Matrix Inverse evaluation is performed
by several programs)
The construction of network matrix R is usually
complex and requires some drawing or scripting.
Example
Mesh-current
38
Example
Mesh-current Calculations
39
Example
40
41 Thank you
42 Using Circuit Analogy with Engineering Systems
What is analogy?
43
Analogy is a cognitive process of
transferring information or meaning from
a particular subject (the analogue or
source) to another particular subject (the
target), or a linguistic expression
corresponding to such a process.
Why this analogy exists?
44
Engineering systems depends on energy.
Quantity Symbol Energy Note
Volt V Potential Energy work done to move charge
Current I Kinetic Energy rate of flow
Resistance R Consumed energy proportional (v = R i)
Inductance L Stores energy, controls current differential (v = L di/dt)
Capacitance C Stores energy, controls voltage Integral ( v=1/C i(t)dt
Several energy systems can be analyzed using the above elements.
Magnetic Circuits
45
Magnetic Electric
Magneto motive force (NI) V
Flux () I
Reluctance () R
Using SI units is mandatory
Kirchhoff laws applies
Equivalent Circuit
46
Using Excel for Net-List Generation
47
Rotational Motion
48
dw
J = T + Bw
dt
di
L = V + Ri
dt
Analogy
49
Mechanical Analog I Mechanical Analog II
Electrical Quantity
(Force-Current) (Force Voltage)
Voltage, e Velocity, v Force, f
Current, i Force, f Velocity, v
Lubricity, 1/B
Resistance, R Friction, B
(Inverse friction)
Compliance, 1/K
Capacitance, C Mass, M
(Inverse spring constant)
Compliance, 1/K
Inductance, L Mass, M
(Inverse spring constant)
Transformer, N1:N2 Lever, L1:L2 Lever, L1:L2
[Link]
Thermal and Electrical Conduction
50
V = R. I
T = Rt .q
[Link]
Water flow analogy
51
[Link]
52 Thank you