You have 25% take pure zinc in raw material.

How much sulfuric acid is required to it to make

1. Identify the Goal: The core question is "how much sulfuric acid is needed" to react with
a specific amount of impure zinc to produce a zinc sulfate solution of a certain
concentration.
2. Break Down the Problem: This problem has several components:
o Impure zinc as the starting material.
o The chemical reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid.
o The desired concentration of the zinc sulfate solution.
o We need to relate the mass of the reactant (sulfuric acid) to the mass of the
product (zinc sulfate) within the context of the impure starting material.
3. Start with the Knowns and the Target:
o We know we have some amount of "raw material" (let's assume 100g for
simplicity, we can scale later).
o We know the percentage of pure zinc in the raw material (25%).
o We want to make a solution with 33% zinc sulfate.
4. Focus on the Chemistry (Reaction):
o The fundamental step is the balanced chemical equation: Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄
+ H₂
o This tells us the mole ratio between reactants and products: 1 mole of Zn reacts
with 1 mole of H₂SO₄ to produce 1 mole of ZnSO₄.
5. Calculate Molar Masses: We'll need molar masses to convert between grams and
moles:
o Zn: 65.38 g/mol
o H₂SO₄: 2(1.008) + 32.07 + 4(16.00) = 98.086 g/mol
o ZnSO₄: 65.38 + 32.07 + 4(16.00) = 161.45 g/mol
6. Work Backwards from the Desired Product:
o Let's assume we produce 'X' grams of the 33% zinc sulfate solution.
o The mass of ZnSO₄ in this solution is 0.33 * X.
7. Relate Zn to ZnSO₄ (Stoichiometry):
o Convert the mass of ZnSO₄ to moles: (0.33 * X) g / 161.45 g/mol
o Since the mole ratio of Zn to ZnSO₄ is 1:1, the number of moles of Zn reacted is
the same: (0.33 * X) / 161.45 moles.
o Convert the moles of Zn back to mass: [(0.33 * X) / 161.45] mol * 65.38 g/mol
8. Account for Impure Zinc:
 o We know that only 25% of the raw material is pure zinc. Let 'M' be the mass of
the raw material.
o The mass of pure zinc is 0.25 * M.
o This mass of pure zinc must equal the mass of zinc calculated in the previous
step: 0.25 * M = [(0.33 * X) / 161.45] * 65.38
9. Relate Zn to H₂SO₄ (Stoichiometry):
o The moles of H₂SO₄ reacted are equal to the moles of Zn reacted: [(0.33 * X) /
161.45] moles.
o Convert the moles of H₂SO₄ to mass: [(0.33 * X) / 161.45] mol * 98.086 g/mol
10. Solve for the Ratio (or Specific Amounts):
o We want to find the mass of sulfuric acid required per unit mass of the raw
material. So, we need to find the ratio of the mass of H₂SO₄ to the mass of the
raw material (M).
o From step 8: X = (0.25 * M * 161.45) / 0.33 / 65.38
o Substitute this value of X into the mass of H₂SO₄ equation from step 9:
Mass of H₂SO₄ = [0.33 * (0.25 * M * 161.45) / (0.33 * 65.38)] * 98.086 / 161.45
Mass of H₂SO₄ = (0.25 * M * 98.086) / 65.38
o Divide both sides by M to get the ratio:
Mass of H₂SO₄ / Mass of Raw Material = (0.25 * 98.086) / 65.38 ≈ 0.375
11. State the Answer Clearly: For every 1 gram of raw material, approximately 0.375 grams
of sulfuric acid are required. Or, you could say that the mass of sulfuric acid required is
about 37.5% of the mass of the raw material.
12. Review and Check Units: Ensure units are consistent throughout the calculations.
Double-check the chemical equation and molar masses. The final answer should make
logical sense in the context of the problem.
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Here's how to calculate the amount of sulfuric acid needed:

1. Understand the Chemistry

The reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid is:

Zn (s) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → ZnSO₄ (aq) + H₂ (g)

This equation tells us that 1 mole of zinc (Zn) reacts with 1 mole of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) to
produce 1 mole of zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) and 1 mole of hydrogen gas (H₂).

2. Basis for Calculation

Let's assume we have 100 grams of the raw material. This makes the percentage calculations
easier.
3. Calculate the Mass of Pure Zinc

 The raw material is 25% pure zinc.

4. Calculate the Moles of Pure Zinc

 Molar mass of zinc (Zn) = 65.38 g/mol

5. Calculate the Moles of Sulfuric Acid Required

 From the balanced chemical equation, the mole ratio of Zn to H₂SO₄ is 1:1.
 Therefore, we need the same number of moles of sulfuric acid as zinc: 0.3824 moles

6. Calculate the Mass of Zinc Sulfate Produced (Hypothetically)

 Molar mass of zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) = 65.38 (Zn) + 32.07 (S) + 4 * 16.00 (O) =
161.45 g/mol
 Mass of ZnSO₄ = Moles of ZnSO₄ * Molar mass of ZnSO₄
 Since moles of ZnSO₄ = moles of Zn = 0.3824 moles
 Mass of ZnSO₄ = 0.3824 mol * 161.45 g/mol = 61.74 grams

7. Determine the Mass of the 33% Zinc Sulfate Solution

 The final solution is 33% zinc sulfate by mass. This means that 33 grams of ZnSO₄ are
present in 100 grams of solution.
 To have 61.74 grams of ZnSO₄, the total mass of the solution would be:
(61.74 g ZnSO₄ / 33 g ZnSO₄) * 100 g solution = 187.1 grams of solution

8. Calculate the Mass of Sulfuric Acid Required

 Mass Balance: The mass of the reactants (zinc and sulfuric acid) will be (approximately)
equal to the mass of the products (zinc sulfate solution and hydrogen gas). Since the
hydrogen gas escapes, we can focus on the mass relationship between the zinc and the
final solution.
 Mass of Sulfuric Acid = Mass of the solution - Mass of pure Zinc
 Mass of Sulfuric Acid = 187.1 g - 25 g = 162.1 grams

9. Express as a Ratio

To generalize the result, we can express the amount of sulfuric acid required relative to the mass
of the raw material:

For every 100 grams of raw material, you need approximately 162.1 grams of sulfuric acid.
Therefore, the ratio of sulfuric acid required to the raw material is approximately 1.621 : 1
(by mass).

Important Considerations:

 Concentration of Sulfuric Acid: This calculation assumes you are using pure sulfuric
acid (100%). If you are using a less concentrated solution, you will need a larger volume
to provide the same mass of H₂SO₄.
 Water of Hydration: Zinc sulfate can exist in hydrated forms (e.g., ZnSO₄·7H₂O). The
calculation above assumes anhydrous zinc sulfate. If you are aiming for a hydrated form,
the molar mass of zinc sulfate will be different, and the calculations would need to be
adjusted.
 Efficiency: In a real-world scenario, the reaction may not be 100% efficient. You might
need slightly more sulfuric acid to ensure all the zinc reacts.
 Solution Density: The 33% zinc sulfate is by mass. To convert this to a volume
percentage, you would need the density of the solution.

In summary, for every gram of your raw material (which contains 0.25g of pure zinc), you
would need approximately 1.621 grams of pure sulfuric acid to produce a 33% zinc sulfate
solution.
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