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2D Arrays, Sorting, and Strings in C

The document covers various programming concepts including 2D arrays, multidimensional arrays, sorting techniques, and string handling in C. It defines 2D arrays as arrays of arrays, provides examples of multidimensional arrays, and explains three sorting methods: Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, and Insertion Sort. Additionally, it discusses string declaration, initialization, and input/output functions, highlighting the use of fgets over gets for safer string handling.

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4 views5 pages

2D Arrays, Sorting, and Strings in C

The document covers various programming concepts including 2D arrays, multidimensional arrays, sorting techniques, and string handling in C. It defines 2D arrays as arrays of arrays, provides examples of multidimensional arrays, and explains three sorting methods: Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, and Insertion Sort. Additionally, it discusses string declaration, initialization, and input/output functions, highlighting the use of fgets over gets for safer string handling.

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sandipsahgbs12345
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 4 - Solutions (All Questions)

1. Define 2D array. Explain declaration, initialization and passing to functions.

Definition:

A 2D array is an array of arrays. It is a grid-like structure having rows and columns.

Declaration & Initialization:

int arr[3][2] = {

{1, 2},

{3, 4},

{5, 6}

};

Accessing Elements:

printf("%d", arr[1][1]); // Output: 4

Passing to Functions:

void display(int arr[3][2]) {

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {

printf("%d ", arr[i][j]);

printf("\n");

}
2. Multidimensional arrays with examples and applications.

Definition:

Multidimensional arrays are arrays with more than one index. A 2D array is a common example.

Example (3D Array):

int arr[2][3][4]; // 2 blocks, 3 rows, 4 columns

Application:

- Representing matrices

- Storing pixel values in images

- Managing spreadsheet-like data

- Game boards (e.g., chess, sudoku)

3. Sorting Techniques (Define and explain 3 types with examples)

Definition:

Sorting means arranging elements in a particular order (ascending or descending).

a) Bubble Sort:

for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) {

if (arr[j] > arr[j+1]) {

// Swap

}
}

b) Selection Sort:

for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {

int min = i;

for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++) {

if (arr[j] < arr[min]) min = j;

// Swap arr[i] and arr[min]

c) Insertion Sort:

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {

int key = arr[i];

int j = i - 1;

while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) {

arr[j+1] = arr[j];

j--;

arr[j+1] = key;

4. Strings: Declaration, Initialization, and I/O Functions

Definition:

A string is a collection of characters ending with '\0' (null character).


Declaration and Initialization:

char str1[20] = "Hello";

char str2[] = {'H', 'i', '\0'};

Input/Output:

scanf("%s", str1); // Reads one word

gets(str1); // Reads full line

printf("%s", str1);

puts(str1);

Note: gets() is unsafe. Prefer fgets() in modern C.

5. Reading and Writing Strings

Reading:

char name[50];

printf("Enter name: ");

fgets(name, 50, stdin); // Reads full string with spaces

Writing:

puts(name); // Prints the string

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

char str[100];

printf("Enter a string: ");


fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);

printf("You entered: ");

puts(str);

return 0;

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