16

Ratio of 𝒂 to 𝒃 can be written as 𝒂

𝒃

𝒂: 𝒃

𝒂 to 𝒃

Ex1:
the ration of the numbers of boys to the number of girls in a certain class is 3:5. If
there is a total of 32 students in the class, how many girls are in the class?

Way (1):

Boys : girls : total

3 : 5 : 8

: 32

𝟑𝟐×𝟑 𝟓×𝟑𝟐
Boys = = 𝟏𝟐 girls = = 𝟐𝟎
𝟖 𝟖

Way (2):

Let ⇒number of boys 𝟑𝒙

Let ⇒number of girls 𝟓𝒙

So 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟑𝟐
𝟖𝒙 = 𝟑𝟐
𝒙=𝟒

So no. of girls will be (5)(4) =20

17
Ex2:
If the ratio of 𝑨 to 𝑩 is 3 : 5 and the ratio of 𝑩 to 𝑪 is 2 : 7, what is the ratio of 𝑨 to
𝒄

A : B : C

3 : 5 : ×
×
× 2 : 7

6 : 10 : 35

So A : C is 6 : 35

Or
𝑨 𝟑 ×𝟐 𝑩 𝟐 ×𝟓
= = ×𝟓
𝑩 𝟓 ×𝟐 𝑪 𝟕

𝑨 𝟔 𝑩 𝟏𝟎
= =
𝑩 𝟏𝟎 𝑪 𝟑𝟓

𝑨 𝟔
Then =
𝑪 𝟑𝟓

18
Direct variation:

If two quantities change in value so that their ratio always remains the same.
( increase together , decrease together )

Ex1:
If 𝒙 varies directly with 𝒚, if 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟕 when 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖, what is the value of 𝒚 when
𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎 ?

Way(1):
𝒙→𝒚
𝟏𝟖 → 𝟐𝟕 𝒚 = 𝟒𝟓
𝟑𝟎 → ? ?

Way(2):

Direct variation ⇒ 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙
𝒚 𝟐𝟕 𝟑
=𝒌 ⇒ 𝒌= =
𝒙 𝟏𝟖 𝟐
𝟑
So 𝒚 = × 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟒𝟓
𝟐

Ex2:
If 28 pennies weigh 42 grams, what is the weight in grams of 50 pennies?

P → g
𝟓𝟎×𝟒𝟐
28 → 42 g= = 𝟕𝟓
𝟐𝟖

50 → ??

19
Inverse variation:

If two quantities change in opposite direction

Ex1:
If 𝒙 varies inversely with 𝒚 , if 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟏 when 𝒙 = 𝟔 , what is the value of 𝒚 when
𝒙=𝟗?

Way(1):
𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝟔 × 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟗 × 𝒚𝟐
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒

Way(2):

Inverse variation ⇒ 𝒙𝒚 = 𝒌
(𝟐𝟏)(𝟔) = 𝒌 ∴ 𝒌 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔
𝟔 × 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔 ∴ 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟒

Ex2:
Four workers can build a house in 9 days. How many days would it take from 3
workers to build a same house ?

𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝟒×𝟗 =𝟑×𝒚
𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐 days
20
 Real Exams est problems

(1) EST October 2020 (3) EST March 2021

1 3
14- If = which of the following 15- If 35% of a number is equal to two-
𝑥−𝑦 5𝑦
proportions is equivalent? thirds of another number , what is the ratio
𝑥 3
A) = of the first number to the second number
𝑦 8
𝑥 8 21
B) = A)
𝑦 3 40
𝑥 8 2
C) = B)
𝑦 15 95
𝑥 15 40
D) = C)
𝑦 8 21
35
D)
150

(2) EST October 2020

10- In a hospital , the medical staff is (4) EST May 2021

composed of 34 doctors and 68 nurses .
how many additional doctors should join 9- Tanta University is an Egyptian
the hospital in order for the ratio of doctors to university located in Tanta, Egypt.
total number of medical staf to become 3 to 7? since 1962, the administration was
developed and was able to create
A) 21 more than 10 faculties. Statistics
B) 19 show, in an old release, that 3,636
C) 17 students attend the Faculty of
D) 15 Medicine, and the ratio of female
students to male students is 11: 25
How many male students are
attending the faculty?
A) 2,544
B) 2,525
C)2.000
D)1.604

21
(5) EST June 2021 (7) EST March 2021

3- A machine finishes the paving of

21- A painter paints walls at an average of 600m of a road in 1 hour. At the same
rate of 1.2 walls per hour . He is asked to paint steady rate, how much time would take
a villa containing 18 rooms each containing 5.4
walls on average. two identical machines to finish paving
How long will he be actively painting the villa? 300m?

A) 15 minutes
B) 2 hour
C) 1 hour
D) 30 minutes
A) 2 days, 18 hours
B) 3 days
C) 3 days, 9 hours
D) 3 days, 18 hours

6) EST June 202

(8) EST August 2021

20
17.5

15
Percent Spa

12.5
3𝑦 2
10
13- If 3𝑥= 24𝑦, what is the value of( )?
𝑥

5 9
A)
64
0 3
B)
Interest on
Adverisment
infrastructure

taxes
transport

Salary
Development

loans…

4
Research &

8
C)
3
D) 24

22- The bar graph above represents the percentage of

money spent by a company on different sectors last
year. If 200,000 dollars were spent on the transport
sector, what was the budget used for salaries?

A) $320.000
B) $340,000
C) $360,000
22
D) $370,000

(9) EST February 2021 (11) EST January 2023

9- If the ratio of vaccinated teachers to 8- B and C are points on segment AD

non-vaccinated teachers in a school is 6:7. such that AB=BC=CD. What ratio of
what is the percentage of the vaccinated BC to AD?
school teachers?

1
A) 7.69% A)
3
2
B) 85.71% B)
3
4
C) 46.15% C)
3
D) 53.84% D) 3

(12) EST October 2020

9- The selling price of an apartment is

directly proportional its area. If an
(10) EST January 2023 apartment of 127sqm is sold for $168,275
what would be the price of a 156 sqm
2𝑥−5𝑦 −3𝑦
11- If = -2, what is the value of +1? apartment?
2𝑦 𝑥

A) -2 A) 237,900$
B) -3 B) 208,500$
C) -4 C) 136,993$
D) -5 D) 206,700$

23
(13) EST May 2021 (15) EST January 2023

33- If y varies directly as the cube of 2x, 36- If the length of an object is directly
and y = 8 when x = 2, what is y when proportional to its weight x, and a 5
x is equal to 4? meters length weighs 2 kilograms, how
many kilograms is a 2 meters length of
object y?

A) 0.4
B) 0.8
C) 2.5
D) 5

(14) EST October 2021

31- If h varies inversely as k, h = 9 when

k = 20, what is the value of k+4 when h=15
(grid-in)

24
Exercise:

𝟐𝒂 𝟏 𝒃 𝒂−𝒃 𝟑
1) If = , what is the value of ? 3) If = , which of the following must
𝟑𝒃 𝟓 𝒂 𝒃 𝟕
also be true?

𝒂 −𝟒
a) =
𝒃 𝟕
𝒂 𝟏𝟎
b) =
𝒃 𝟕
𝒂+𝒃 𝟏𝟎
c) =
𝒃 𝟕
𝒂−𝟐𝒃 𝟏𝟏
d) =−
𝒃 𝟕

2) 𝟑(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝒚 4) 𝒍 = 𝟐𝟒 + 𝟑. 𝟓𝒎
If (𝒙, 𝒚) is a solution to the equation one end of a spring is attached to a
𝒙 ceiling. When an object of mass 𝒎
above and 𝒚 ≠ 𝟐 , what is the ratio of
𝒚
kilograms is attached to other end of
?
the spring, the spring stretches to a
length of 𝒍 centimeters as shown in the
𝟒 equation above. What is 𝒎 when 𝒍 is
a) − 73?
𝟑
𝟐
b) −
𝟑
𝟏
c)
𝟑
𝟐 a) 14
d)
𝟑 b) 27.7
c) 73
d) 279.5

25
5) If 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙 , where 𝒌 is a constant, and
𝒚 = 𝟐𝟒 when 𝒙 = 𝟔, what is the value
7) There are two atoms of hydrogen and
of 𝒚 when 𝒙 = 𝟓 ?
one atom of oxygen in one molecule of
water. How many atoms of hydrogen
are there in 51 molecules of water?
a) 6
b) 15
c) 20
d) 23

6) If 𝒎 = 𝟑 , how much greater is 𝟏𝟎𝒎

8) A coastal geologist estimates that a
than 𝟔𝒎 ?
certain country’s beaches are eroding
at a rate of 1.5 feet per year. According
to the geologist’s estimate, how long
will it take, in years, for the country’s
a) 3 beaches to erode by 21 feet?
b) 4
c) 12
d) 30

26
9) A scale model of a building is created
such that 1 inch of the model
11) There are 16 full cartons of eggs in 2
corresponds to 3 feet of the actual
full crates, and each full carton
building. The height of the window on
contains 12 eggs. How many eggs are
the model is 2.3 inches. What is the
needed to fill 11 crates?
height of the actual window?

a) 0.575 inches
b) 0.575 feet
c) 6.9 inches
d) 6.9 feet

10) A quality control manger at a factory

selects 7 lightbulbs at random for
12) One brand of commercial ice machine
inspection out of every 400 lightbulbs
can produce a maximum of 263 pounds
will be produce. At this rate, how many
of ice each day. If 1 cubic foot at ice
lightbulbs will be inspected if the
weighs about 57.2 pounds, which of
factory produces 20,000 lightbulbs?
the following best approximates the
maximum number of cubic feet of ice
a) 300
the machine can produce in one day?
b) 350
c) 400
d) 450 a) 0.2
b) 4.6
c) 206
d) 320

27
13) Marta has 7,500 pesos she will convert 15) Night crawlers, a type of worm, are
to US dollars using a currency exchange capable of digging to a depth of 6.5 feet
service. At this time, the currency below the ground. Approximately how
exchange rate is 1 pesos = 0.75 US deep below the ground are they
dollars. The exchange service will capable of digging in meters? (1
charge Marta a 2% fee in the converted meter=3.28 feet)
US dollar amount. How many US
dollars will Marta receive from the
currency exchange after the 2% fee is
applied? a) 0.50
b) 1.98
a) $551.25 c) 3.22
b) $562.50 d) 21.32
c) $5,625.500
d) $98,000.00

14) 1 decagram = 10 grams 16) If a 3-pound pizza is sliced in half and

1,000 milligrams = 1 gram each half is sliced into thirds, what is
A hospital stores one type of medicine the weight, in ounces, of each of the
in 2-decagram containers. Based on slices? (1 pound = 16 ounces)
the information given in the box above,
how many 1 milligram doses are there
in one 2-decagram container? a) 4
b) 6
a) 0.002 c) 8
b) 200 d) 16
c) 2,000
d) 20,000

28
17) Jamal reads a book at a rate of 20 19) A certain package requires 3
pages per half an hour. At this rate, centimeters of tape to be closed
how many hours will it take him to securely. What is the maximum
read 80 pages of this book? number of packages of this type that
can be secured with 6 meters of tape?
(1 meters = 100 cm)

a) 1
a) 100
b) 1.5
b) 150
c) 2
c) 200
d) 3
d) 300

18) A landscape-supply company sells 20) A 15-foot wire and a 5-foot wire were
mulch at rate of $30 per cubic yard. each cut completely into 10-inch
What price dose the company charge pieces. How many more 10-inch pieces
for 54 cubic feet of mulch? ( 1 yard = 3 resulted from the 15-foot wire than
feet) from the 5-foot wire?

a) $54 a) 6
b) $60 b) 9
c) $810 c) 12
d) $1,620 d) 18

29
Answers:
1. 𝟏𝟎ൗ EST Answers
𝟑
2. B 1) B
3. B 2) C
4. A 3) C
5. C 4) B
6. C 5) C
7. 102 6) A
8. 14 7) A
9. D 8) A
10. B 9) C
10) D
11. 1056
11) A
12. B
12)D
13. A
13) 64
14. D 14) 16
15. B 15) B
16. C
17. C
18. B
19. C
20. C

30