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Fluid Dynamics: Key Concepts & Calculations

This tutorial sheet contains a series of questions related to fluid dynamics, including the differences between laminar and turbulent flow, assumptions of Bernoulli's equation, and calculations involving pipe flow velocities and pressure differences. It also includes practical problems involving the use of a Pitot-static tube and a Venturi-meter. The document provides specific answers to some of the calculations presented.

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ashvinrajakumar
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14 views1 page

Fluid Dynamics: Key Concepts & Calculations

This tutorial sheet contains a series of questions related to fluid dynamics, including the differences between laminar and turbulent flow, assumptions of Bernoulli's equation, and calculations involving pipe flow velocities and pressure differences. It also includes practical problems involving the use of a Pitot-static tube and a Venturi-meter. The document provides specific answers to some of the calculations presented.

Uploaded by

ashvinrajakumar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial Sheet 3

1 What are the differences between laminar and turbulent flow?

2 What are the assumptions made in using Bernoulli’s equation?

3 Water enters a 4cm diameter pipe at 1m/s. The diameter of the pipe is reduced
to 3cm at the exit. What is the exit velocity?

4 Consider incompressible, frictionless flow of water in horizontal piping. The


pressure and velocity of the fluid is measured to be 150kPa and 1.25m/s at a
specified point. The density of the fluid is 700kg/m3. If the pressure is 140kPa at
another point, what is the velocity at this point?

5 A 100 mm diameter pipeline slopes downwards at 30° to the horizontal. If water


flows through the pipeline at a steady rate, predict the static pressure difference
between two points 20 m apart along the axis of the pipe. (Answer: 98100 N/m2)

6 Air flows through a 0.5 m diameter duct at a rate of 5.0 kg/s. At one section there
is a gradual contraction from 0.5 m diameter to 250 mm diameter which takes
place along a horizontal axis. Calculate the difference in pressure between a
point at the inlet to the contraction and a point at the outlet. The density of air
may be assumed constant at 1.225 kg/m3. (Answer: 3970 N/m2)

7 The flow of air pipe is measured by a Pitot-static tube. Calculate the local air
velocity if, when the pressure in the pipe is 1.08 bar and the temperature 12°C,
the reading of the meter is 10 mm of water. Density of dry air, at 15°C and 1.01
𝑝
bar, is 1.2 kg/m3 . Assume that for air 𝜌𝑇 = constant. (1 bar = 105 N/m2 )
(Answer: 12.3 m/s)

8 A Venturi-meter is used to measure the rate of flow of a liquid of relative density


1.14. The pipe diameter is 100 mm, the throat diameter 60 mm, and the meter is
in a horizontal position. Calculate the rate of flow (in kg/s) when a mercury
manometer connected between the inlet and throat shows a difference in levels
of 215 mm. The coefficient of discharge of the meter is 0.97. Assume the density
of mercury is 13600 kg/m3. (Answer: 22.75 kg/s)

9 What is the relationship between static, dynamic and total (or stagnation)
pressure?

Revised 2023

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