Program: Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management
JONLOU O. DALIDA DR. GIENA L.
ODICTA PhD Student
Course Facilitator
Problem Set 4
Educ 301 – Advance Statistics with Computer Application
I. Hypothesis testing. Read and understand the problem or situation and
follow the steps in hypothesis testing. Use the SPSS output in the
computation part and reflect only the important values.
Steps in hypothesis testing: (1) formulate hypotheses, (2) set the level of
significance and tailedness of the test, (3) the test statistic, (4) computation
(report only the important values), (5) decision, and (6) conclusion.
1.) Forty-five respondents were randomly chosen to determine whether
significant differences existed in their Entrance Test score when they were
classified as to highest educational attainment of the father. Also, based on
literature, the Grades in English is significantly related to the Entrance Test
score of the respondents serving as a covariate. The entrance test scores and
Grades in English were gathered on a continuous scale and are approximately
normally distributed. The highest educational attainment of the father was
classified as secondary, baccalaureate and master’s degree.
Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant difference in entrance test
scores across levels of father’s educational attainment
after controlling for Grades in English.
Ha: There is a significant difference in entrance test
scores across levels of father’s educational attainment
after controlling for Grades in English.
Level of (a): 0.05
Significance
Tailedness Two-tailed – because we are testing for any difference
(not specifically higher or lower) between groups.
Test Statistic From Univariate Tests:
F(2, 41) = 6.476, p = 0.004
From Pairwise Comparisons:
o High School vs. Master’s: Significant (p = .003)
o Baccalaureate vs. Master’s: Marginally significant
(p = .050)
o High School vs. Baccalaureate: Not significant (p
= .451)
Decision Since p < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion There is a statistically significant difference in entrance
test scores among students when grouped by their
father’s highest educational attainment, even after
controlling for grades in English (F(2, 41) = 6.476, p
= .004). Specifically:
Students whose fathers attained a Master’s
degree scored significantly higher than those
whose fathers only reached High School or
Baccalaureate level.
No significant difference was found between
High School and Baccalaureate groups.
2. Forty-five respondents were randomly chosen to determine whether
significant differences existed in their SATT score and Entrance Test score
when they were classified as to highest educational attainment of the father.
Also, based on literature, the Grades in English are significantly related to the
SATT score of the respondents serving as a covariate. The SATT scores,
Entrance Test scores, and Grades in English were gathered on a continuous
scale and are approximately normally distributed. The highest educational
attainment of the father was classified as secondary, baccalaureate, and
master’s degree.
Hypothesis Ho: There are no significant differences in SATT and
Entrance Test scores across levels of father’s
educational attainment after controlling for Grades in
English.
Ha: There are significant differences in at least one of
the dependent variables across the father’s educational
levels after controlling for the covariate.
Level of (a): 0.05
Significance
Tailedness Two-tailed – Testing for any significant differences
between groups.
Test Statistic Multivariate Tests (Wilks' Lambda preferred):
Wilks’ Lambda = 0.600,
F(4, 80) = 5.829,
p = 0.000
Univariate Tests (Follow-up ANCOVA for each DV):
SATT Score:
F(2, 41) = 13.566, p = 0.000 → Significant
Entrance Test Score:
F(2, 41) = 6.476, p = 0.004 → Significant
Decision Since p < 0.05 at both multivariate and univariate
levels, we reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion There are statistically significant differences in both
SATT scores and Entrance Test scores among students
based on their father’s highest educational attainment,
even after controlling for Grades in English.
Specifically:
o Students whose fathers have a Master’s
degree scored significantly higher in both
SATT and Entrance Tests than those
whose fathers only had Secondary or
Baccalaureate education.
o Differences between Secondary and
Baccalaureate were not statistically
significant.