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Control System Notes

The document discusses control systems, including open-loop and closed-loop configurations, and their characteristics. It covers various system types, including time-invariant and time-variant systems, and the importance of feedback in control mechanisms. Additionally, it touches on the mathematical modeling of these systems using Laplace transforms and their applications in mechanical and electrical contexts.

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40 views116 pages

Control System Notes

The document discusses control systems, including open-loop and closed-loop configurations, and their characteristics. It covers various system types, including time-invariant and time-variant systems, and the importance of feedback in control mechanisms. Additionally, it touches on the mathematical modeling of these systems using Laplace transforms and their applications in mechanical and electrical contexts.

Uploaded by

nikhilrr65
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Limp by he epee). 9 [Coranaing. alps ite mei enbir’] dnd? ntpeyrr oda Namo avon) , Lise if h Th Hime doman, wotatem ste + Small abphabers Om elites Wa) SHdhomnan aywen okaiernre SS In Upper cane ~ftphebels + a OO Cle) = Gla, tl) cls) = Ga). [RU)- BLD) Cle = Gs) [At - Hus) CC) ] Cw) iB ara dint) |S OCB) RLS). als) overs TF Lit aia Fur sve Ferd b atk! ° sah ae CS) PCRS | TF, Rey RL) To tay eee! enGhals ( dure at ~02 + Seale Be Control System = DY Wolpe gree Weekgth Ga Sey vente or “OWE ag i re then -Anese Ave open-loop contro! yp vie) Canter lea teeth Uae = based | Brat fhe Casatpe) , ieee as dress 'te — see pre “dite o « lta Lente! sygten 9° bu SEE en 94 and tloced lo of!- S Uocid oop x po feedback Ss Feodback & Stob\e > Unstable Umay me mat vot be) (@epend ng. m feaciback) a low ACtierate + wigh — freee td 4 Bple design 3 5 Complex Han open 2 Cost deve e ay Mame Lost thaws opens loop Z : : a dDIQeom cy Dia am , ) Optimisads posable, f wsur HO en > Ne eptwmiscdron- 2 TNE ee ne oudgut Signal is our | GbR or ete male OaAa Wats Ov ) wontro\ Systems cue Used « % Uneos and Nom Une 4 aa —— a Aaa yy re) > Soh) MH) + my Lt) A HU Eg tH) + Seadin, ———— dowry 4) —— 9 a Ge), Supess fosrs-donte ey ate + b Moby =——=> adh +bcgt), ; « 4 si > eupenpoaiiion,, hve. | TRC ieee Non Uneat, 1 S , 2 mosity Syste exe Nem Cin ent, Coue Mee azeacct |. Be wage dow Nonr-tinet Sycrem, 7 2 : ; ( i , 3 mm Whdeyrate, | 4s much Onna Fuk 1S) “taken it BI . will venave Mere Unent , 2 Cage fiere ise] 4 Time -Nowent and Tme- Tnverant’- nH @ Time - Thvartant '- Syetems tat doe, not ang th Sub tants , or VAY wi me. CoeLts ents arse constatts \ © Time-Varlant) Systems heer VARY with +me eg: L Pret consumed ) Sd Depending on Ne. Toput and — Oudqul ie SS Se ee Single fn put SIngle ouput Csi$9) ( Mutkple Dnpeet MutBple Output (M110) - AC (2) Mutkipte Trput Single Qudpue CMLSo) — Towers wo CU) Stgte —Tanpuck — Mutple Ouspuce (Simo) — Shovven >: —— {$0 ie best ane ou. Foy Mutdsples : “Tate ve vawlabies o> Lake © tu pp annd 9/0 and tne trede opt Clu them. Vwade- und en~ Wwunsteaints ndings best b op ten ts Op H mig atron » (Compromase) Classifreban ( — —* Depend epon deyvee ho atemecdion , + Manuva 9 Semi-Aremeacic, Avtomad'e- pal I _ an é AC, Washing Smart Ughts (4 Senaors) Mathin Machine, d att 7) z aw and th 4 [ More cog ) “Trenslonmf- 1 Laplace ne CONVENTS Uys ential ind errad ey adsov do abgebrte tome Ss gu) — Time domaly (lower cage apr’) fs) - Praventy oy s-domain Clppen-Cace 7) _s Ft) FL) a pe Fts) = ELEM] ya) soa [etsy] fen FCs) Dy There Awe tert y wy) eee | Z v oe 0 ow Pst HO aaa | Caran 4 vias : 2) Tmpulse tunedion. foe ae ; “Rar map 2 ek) =, ty $7 A cr ea ®, t Hy 4 as ig r + ne 4, Parabete Wn chien. C eas 5 Py tre 3 8 eo, bw Aue "gd (Cte make coat + taplace [ag - 5 ‘ = } n} ent : (unstable) if ae : ot ere Cotes Cérabie) ae = eat \feea (Cotes at § Z pile cent) Fle-a) = er eee eat) Pls saee sravsat phubdn cs Nee Sey eo cae ele to. Oe ny [nah o We. want) | : : s+a/G49) +> | Paper its fe UW = Umecntty ¢- Llap WO +a a] a Gls) t ay Ets) Ww [Link] bacon! b a) S48 Ft) = Blons L a > SPP) AL Dee plterynne (3) Tntefrasten!- i = a + ite fe e: whee f'losy= [| purde ro a “ 2 | Spearae] «aS {Wee flor) Ls a 9? s nivel VaWwe Theo vem. ~ 4H = & 8 FL) roe be ' Gnal Volve Theonewite lt ge) = OR) tho 3) ut» End the tnverce Laplace ereor + me Noe den elton = ’ a ls Ww) | 2 FG) 8 Cst2) ee ®) tam Oo ae * 5>-S49) ae w rtcy = &+6 a(S 4ors)! OD Pts) eeu ees ? ' Teer a 2 é 7 23 Ge ep Sar ot fod eee 2 - PS 1s [Jens 4 Fe] f oe) s8f a 6 = i 1 A = z a [ ‘| ee Faye ft ee a ee “gs ag 3 : : Y cia Ase 25) ‘ 8 (st) es + : * f a ie | S \f. ey. oF Pal ng file ey “Ares? 2 ; 7 ° : ee 2 4 4 ~ ft & By parte) Prockin, FES Steg = See elem ftyy= A+ Bet ) ®. Posrauad (R,Uc)> ee = a rpg ety =e vet) = ww ts S , \ (A) te eo eaves ea & ot ely Us ee ts. + and Mechanical Systm: Mectnemarical Mo aed S Clerks cof 4 SS rv and ese both — systems ate wer — a fersve Commesual vce Two — tompments Vo oye, umrens enue Rte co CODD EC cael eee Cea Serves) Cer pavalie) (45 we get Vo Kaye SOU Ce ave ) “=k = to lea daaay tee ond sli lar Systeme, fe: Syeqems cue Analogous system f v ( 897 epvfett: #90 sds) (Some) 4 QQ) Translate al Motion (etona Srv ad ght ne) Active ements - Force , FLt) Re RSc\ve dements - Mees [Deskyet, Sen), A splatewunt Genersed ay eran, — ) Limos ot ement) ties ic) (wren we tobe UUEtent nen Aake mepenence ee Bo we a es Dashyot ov damping. ceed Hunks C2 5 Rotatonal Suatem) Cabo ng axis) Torque, % moment gf Treva, Paquin als plocemnent Gir a Ne) os By Hs , ang lors 4 Vsplacement 15 used, 6 \terqe (PU) used Inte oa B - Tet gtonas Damp) wnstont es Spaing constant o« B= Wega gpring (ah { prec, patkem), Constant ML) - Displacement . See } COD) A we wee Se Hembent's prairelpte el eee ene tedae wn ft the fe TSU a \ NG dose’ ieee 1 acting MW given ov) * Cave 4 inst) ig cea, : _————— o Drtentiy. forte = Mass K fete, Fr = Mae ee capers force =! oerent the — dilperential ee” tor the aystem given and find X7ts) : Fls) D ov ap Wr¢ ele rent ™ rm Hen law, he sen 1 osnal\Cuneaeeee Mechanica Syatem or eb echt coy System Catt ds eleme nts.) cat) ay -90.) m2 — Bat, * Bl Xe 2 Bor Ft) a : (forcex) r FA mh seg ee i) (CReai eve forced) Teting exteme fore Uratigg ou [ey © age Toum Nome Been fete an MJ. ae 3 and othesez oe ty “te doris OP pow'te ee es eae bcp laurent - ) 6 Moye Os placement *) FU = mat HOU + 8) C1715) 0) Oy ap Hb Cm) +t Fog t Bary + B, (%2 -M)= 2 py + My Bp %y +B %y —Kioy * 8% tiny 22 May + ~ + tb yrg = Bit Sg ee . fern, + Atel Boy ++) | = nes | som, +30 (s8) +hYy 19 see ote ' [eho S (B+ O) 4 Shovtust |b —— [pr te ademen| Eee 2 ee ——— FAS) C-feg 2) DY ftr'mess whalg ate Oiven 4 then Draw tne Analogous eteehy’cof hai TARE oe gee aa 3 Gnalogous cet a he By matremabicd eU% 1 + les 95 poeple Ses Transhtt Saag sii Fuy= Mm, + Bi + B20%3) + & > + 83% + Bola tay: araiegy fay ve) mM ae BRR ome ysis Alene! anctogy the 3 A usting, For ee -Vo lhaye and worent anedosy - Drax the 2pulvatent tetricat ch ustng- Nag OT + Block - Diagram Reduction 3) ~“Wree Nee cary Evements:- Ais) on co QO Blow cae ats) us) Lbs) | iP wre L< . i) Sod Sake ® Chea b ave): S YetR ERD — Lleparato re + Contea }e} Cray also have tnvee inputs} Roe oly bur > we can use sony 6 So5\ an Cwnen the Bame tapur . O Ae at m : ANC OF more points) e 2 SS “ i “a Lamost > Brg : Aight Most 7 Conteolled —oudput- uk Dleywam, Reductsoni~ 22 cascode seme R Cts) = fatal Te os OE ea ngle Block, (We have do wemove suming oy *4he =o pants). als) T mutepuicotion wil be ——+| bref © deve Blots ny poroue, 1 HR) fab Converting % on Bngie Blo ch. A> Ry = A\=Rat® | i) Sy \e : Re CM ee aes ell oO ve 3 : R eth a ae pe, * ae a my a 7) ae i si er aivide}. a ay we She tate blot (5) Siileyg 9 take att Pt epee c= URADG R fearon W Shilbng a Summing 1}: Ce RH+Ro| Ry ca) Shifting tate ~ fp point - z 2 = RR, CAH, hay pig ee > wen Bepore Summing, pornt , swt Roa tater place g then Same se ES Port 16 Used. at} point af ten cumming pom OS. a = Rt Wo) (a8) ond oy tS ©) ev ane olPo in tety we hbveeaae gubtraue «P2. j ' ‘ tet \M Creosin but Vt wit, WOlp. SUR Sa So % tome | easy apm plib read) \ ( ‘ ‘ena h) Prpenty Ss vee ot tegat paowty becouse may be Comper , 49 salve. 4, T 6 “not | nececany eos SNe eae =) G anol att both Con hogetty "Dare e W kool pecth. | BS and W may be Wn Parcel Separor ay , MW ayeremening ee aero fmesion Cla {rom bloke oyran Given. Sy hae erould te attrow 9 )) ae er cr so fAct we will “noses 2a ere the pesol peste where it ts feed fered” ote = teeter 9 Selving prom “Wine _ fe Seutelsles Phle Inen'de ge wolve binge: j wi Uneck Sewes oy paral ale Interchange Or Vf i ty: shiping d (we tan Copp ly ook Rae nt placer.) t shitting a tate-spf Pant ebte bock CG; +4a) . ane fat R i ' \ | R 1G Eases VaGrtGa, Gy, (42.443) 142443, g 5) (Were) g Crt > ae ae {-J y + Gath) GM) Urata) Unt43) P No Series ox paraties Oy end, Guerre a Clemmbiney hete 15 congiiee pane Cwe nove . 42 gibt svromal ng Pont BULL tig, Poonty Lonauenivg) » Redvce the given bUpek haysam , O) 4 form hasty ene Leek inthe forwoud ond me IW ferdlback posh. fe CG) single Block Rapresentasson | here. En — Shifting Surin pont behore bloh Ge Tate anil ty Ant o tate P 1 wee: | Shue Skep- eh wf By Now, Ours for MuHple Typ uk :- Bec, take ome, In pun Ar tae Golve « Gus Jor tality 4 Input » et A Smeg [r =O arene then deel Consider. any RK 3 Cele = Oudget Lonaidex ng ORD eo Nee iz 5) q Dp = Cutgect 4 ) jo = eu te é [Ree Sp Se “tedbate 1S tree = then We Wo block fates Plate. # Um ttatron of Methed | A ‘ 30 Time tosining. OY tong mettiad Q) we use Ws method bub we oae rok Suye 03 we ate aliase {6 lonreth or Mot. + Shad Flow Levey h = [lemgout Jorn Block ead + To fed Tranger ¢netion [Rul the Block Red ch-on. ‘ Ripvesent wn Nodes | vente. S w Rg aa — . aa ‘ Replace btotck WHR row. Od tan Bnd Gain or teansmltany, la 15 Gan i represented used Por Con ke pn Hen 0g, Y= arts [ tmese porns ase iM CAccoile | form | [cascade om Mubisnly SSS ay) forums 9 Oth no break A Haken, StarAng dro any node ond wea Unig te Me Same mode tar te bop, Un He diretham B ajynX fox] - = Reprecented oy ie = 2 * Gon Mutite to i Mee eae In 4) a cao es Ke w = - Gay, lye Hy, ee Breed pase carting from & node seeathing = the ome node by nek wepeating any ode Im the diwechion a SighR tow. = Sat Loop? pea ! eh i Seip Gop > Peprecentedl i Comty me node}. Twi tout Ty uw or 4 wens dovrning Loop ca i ag Wet ghen ng gine aes aeihee—p rea ee WWdreWole hre ae ae fen Two tommon node, eS alin aed Non= ‘eching Node; aa we we a ss + ag no lege forse alee vey Tr rv Vntomlng | a aae o> be he tb vste Ukhenje} Ly = ANY CNG ana my OF MB ae cartel) , mg |= bg ays & @at oma) Been olay Fae) Sale px es ou ce. 2) 1 \-be \ ob =e Cass) 5 (be = Loop t= 41 - Masols Gafn Ferrnaladi= ea EM (chet Po Bot rhe an 7 =e ee R aS Aik 2 > wre b = Gah Ankewminant ' d= 1 (Sm furor? yen) + (Gon ab a4 Pood Ahreo at nem & euing woop) = Sem of produce of None food 9 WOO) es ge iam (etet gr -- --4h) + (4 & thw thue---) ec e& a ; a nr, = \e bi 16 Aquat ob gsaph : duserm|ncurt — abter remodng eke a n I Wee) g Poth! ei he 4 M ne there will 4 es be «=e OO) BO Wo, d -— nh ete sa 8y Reming thot 'P} path, we oe VK Ise faren tm dod eu! oda, b = (aia Fo te ways debe toandmi forward pots, > loops 3. 4 Sbe tye a= 44 Nom deudning “teoipe 4 end Ly, dela ae Sow torrnutar, , “si Re + Pg oo igo U-try 160 dodey a ee yo the BAnx Chow Graph and nd transfer Lntnon = YR using ny Mason's an Fomutac. K Sepg te he Bqne Pow Qraplyi- ; Ant Vamables) gum ming pont ond ake pan: ave eps ecented B a) Bi ane Sep op ake Node. $> summing gant | VS WoreaPl paint - 4 ne 5 a ' \ » hes [fev take es waging Cae sae Bo Intoming OCS O~ S i tro 5)) womte (an a R. by do outgoing StS aa EXD Ronward Poth: - : ae Rao, Po = Go ae ony Da =)" Vwops)- 28 fe ee Toh. et Creel ctl te eas CS Ga Ge es a Bae Ca eB UF Gh Gon, B ows Draw the panat frow qraph (co) ond Atkemmine the Over au Avanster nchion - CSunrming pam ANd tela oe point} L Cowl ne out. oes CS oe eas er - Gi tan, Ug = -G.Gs4) Ut = gage deny by = ~ 414th) ul, overall ans fer anda tnd form nae. Block = 4yram Draw the Mason's dnckhio volga 5 (ve the names ao node, and mate ep" A+ fr Node , RG) —+ Thvomlngy ete Cry) 4H a Intoming Valet ae jorge TE 6e 2a rhin). = RUS) G) + RADE Se by Summin RUG) ‘ ; | é G8) eu) (ans feadoaer] TE se Kedbaud: a B= Aa) seH)d a 8 Bere hd GUD Lo s feedback [omrry lee ee radbntt] ke a 3 : js er © Ce Oy ene twa) E (e* feed best) Gos = D= Cope Lous qing wi bUw]- me awe E 2 dt,xcuu We ds), con (Now Combine aur, *& Seve Mechanism and woodng — System '\- a ReqwWoders Oe those austen Mh wien Input Varwes Slowty ane oudpuct Follows oud: D> Servo Medhanisma Ove system yn which paxeneeies ate In alter — position, welodty and accelervechion « Coe ed feedback, Systems) a. Ore ferdtack Lontr| Systems er contwolt the = meron) cof System from aS process SUC as positon | veloudy or aeeelenaton » Ty pid vepetene imped vases, aT and eukpudk — Follows inplch. EQ. Solas Pore” Rania, MeGale Niswoses vanding, System , Robot and Control, DS Regulators cite feedback — contsol systems Os the Wmput gs elthew constant ov “stony 4 wert me Es Roan Tempemadre Conon) Votkeye — Raywhadorr ; - 133 Conted Systemi- Tn whith gped fs vamutg e.g ten , % Motom bot Contes| System.- Paw} ost ar potion te ntetlled Robot aam , A ew peraivye Contw\ Sya.- 2 which , con two Poe is Plants - M Peas » ca Chemiec? Power (x Boalness Comhel Syatemi- mepends 7% est aie ee vere op Inter eet ale vol ed by eB alopendy lew mud werk, ov) YORADOS Sauiors: “Toi e ee Supply 9 an te mis open beeP ond many ppl cates one Annee: ussed Wok both OLE here. &q- 0 Twat Re Lat to W+o0\ Sustemi— — ——— jas rao Ape e) open won as locas oy > Cong ator) problem — Oped - aay sey Bul Bus. awy__} tro wteallee Cans eed alton # ¥ ea and + wit “to “Bhp tenga Gumeros Oo fake maniwew) m far Ang nite ae. Sy ee we toy BA Uqui- ae monn, ON! fom eras oy) publ ae cA tantel heidi , — Prododdon Cntso\ system ES a o Lontaller ~6 cho tehich chet every dap J - (ws 6 eg. Busines Depending an salle.) Ane demand Conetarcse’ = e Covtsiles—s Rap CTS er soetens eet te Ceres y How contso| System Pyiometty 1 Se ae Re fate and op tee Anic yore ole — ound ouapt grabibtyi- * | . Gnite Gypek - Finite teas Wap Ahem — oukpuk > Routh- Hiwitt — tatenta SS als) c0 ess m at. SF ae oar 4-0 Cstecdy Stake epee) Souk te eee oun coke. aan some “State, co steady So we Maske — OUtplst ane stendy apede. ss |" 06g “Seer eerie) | pork sullen s \e qe) i \ RES Teamnseryt yoo ¥ as os FLED Big = Hs) e055 = ats G18) Els) Open loop ee fawn. Jr we amit antan joslbork Roles'~ here are ne. at beote — Arorsttty funchin « boots ber Teameter funthin | when equate % Bls) BL) ea Se. Seven. evab as ep, fs hoa é Dey, ze — Pole] a ee ex SX0 ee { By ee inereccinge cab eppemente? ) g (rsresie) : eo ee Gils Sabeg aie se4c8 —— a Crrarsginally epobe) . Aetabie - 8i6e (ue wide avis)» ? unstable Blvo Catgnt ade ants) Marg netly Stole - Somek ne cyable — semreK ne i uneton les Fates on me system gide- a) ae ony eye) eo so wots enoubd hare : e Size mes RIE Po\2h > ¥ ese TBN6 1B bg 50 \ B16 [ ” | a5 SD wow we adhere the No, of osqns et pret wolumn. Nos ef Sign honges ze aye + item = 6) Toots ee ues creel pot, ee) ey 1) ony sgh Gs Kgs TE? Gu eee Changet tren a enon es Syste unstelpte) ns — ‘ ey Qb4+5 se s AU) 2 4 (S21 socom (pees hare demishice 4% —— 99+ 1. Sat 4984 Yee BERG =o 4 ? os Flee s 4100" SCne ae oe ge freee 66 ia (ayerem unstable] _ phe aia o ie a Wo. fb sve rot = 3m 4 06227 © a! 27-4 ° a remn cA anes (nid) we cen eCopt Noe yey ue 4 me wm aoa vol ve ~her Ne ay One wll zeoo in pose Sen: ee 4; vad and “ ce 5 tee ae | ie Oppo ste L oie \ (hoagie geil | > e andeengr ees a o $} \ ©} —> 6g 624 S14 908 +957 46-8 =O 5 a 7 x 3 ay ° ? ae S foovy connples® z wow op se& a O oO a ery der | pale abi mindy it 2 Ya ber Bera acy? ast me We» NOES OEE) before Ae = gers les ae ) a a LZ g 12 ° ° we wate tralian : a 4 ah lola a o oo Ager eh bane phir se. zead 0a, Bho bh) are eoyed = wo 045" (Repeatec} Root + vy stabie’) ho System us table » AF Root louis ¢- eS 0% ehy ony %S cere | eae stab Roo Lo ws ‘S grapnicet method fer date ne Seb 1 ee Susre as tne gan fo Keosm (vater tron 0 Yoitraiey) ¢ eB cep CSHB) CS42a) Cdanally we Ris) E ai ae 6! S” (S83 VEST Pade e se at PC Oe (rye a} ester] “Ly Poles os ory Sarto system indicates, AY S is 2 BD) Od eo {neice Ve ceOO ete eee cw ae val A Types, TA-S | (4, I ey 6 8s) ial ae Type Or ord) Sta ae ae \ ) Type 91 S(S49) ae Inuressing WE p unt ferclbock system nag open loop 5) nem y hls = 6 Luni fad back] ’( et) sta) (ip only OU) my feedlbate «1S Ot woten we dake dent neepe nih bend 6 auk, Oy ania feral back 2 “3 Oe and determine HE io facta which oy orem {s stab le. gpd iothe seek lees Sore EM on 072) loop =_— pole ond tem |) ate ok open ooh ZEN, = den veop TE = Glsyulsy = 4 S671) (eta) po ae Byen wop polea = F=3 od 0. gee ive Ree) Nil a Dor Se es ces Poves a (8) 2 ae tiny CAsye pote) a ata \ pro gt Uae 1g pre Se gost OHA se S n> NO Gory — Wike 2 max. LP, 2) ne may, (Rt) = 8. vps Pe us, SS ay mmetrest eee FS weal ay lS” ; 2 8-4 ay sement On 9 7 ARG Fal ee 6 ae = Jas fast 4 norte tout tiem ne tne Wo, P Roots do WS ens is odd. adh ght boi woot il by udny de 60 F toad oe fo wet renge fog): lod lo sabia AE Aig ene ch oot & 5 edd bh PH Bad tye} MO) te Sevier ue bee iy, tps a ° 9 k bye RNS vale valid ave vonge) Void wi kodane ft (SAE Ase aba Wye tet vad nid or obese UO) o do an hoi. -: RL existe blo Set al No. Aum aren le choy e Bb SF areos4d ro | 8 $26 = as : 3 g = S049 = 5 ae 6&4 ; o tba Invalid Ao ve bl te Conty 6 4 vod ) fo ie poke = i stp awe fe Intescectton om sunaginaay nis ee ee Brad | 3, 55+ Bars Oe eee: jeer 3 eS as) gd, 245 ' Tac etists: 9, 1357 5 b, £925" ss F238 ? $, = 315" SS eae Petr Youre —_ i Nw narra Cems Hes a) 8( 546) (8445) 48) +k 22 | Oey 5°? gos8y 145 +7 as ee te fis) = Ys34 308% 7467 18 eee fe5)= 42 eC : H-4) poi = Stem E eta cf Snkensechon on Tin axel 54 ™ & .) 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