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Machine Learning for Crop Yield Prediction

This study focuses on developing a machine learning model to predict crop yield based on historical agricultural data, considering factors like soil quality and weather conditions. The methodology involves data cleaning, feature engineering, and training a Random Forest Regressor, achieving strong predictive capabilities with an R² value of 0.87. Future enhancements may include integrating remote sensing data and exploring deep learning approaches for improved accuracy.

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Hemant Chaudhari
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9 views4 pages

Machine Learning for Crop Yield Prediction

This study focuses on developing a machine learning model to predict crop yield based on historical agricultural data, considering factors like soil quality and weather conditions. The methodology involves data cleaning, feature engineering, and training a Random Forest Regressor, achieving strong predictive capabilities with an R² value of 0.87. Future enhancements may include integrating remote sensing data and exploring deep learning approaches for improved accuracy.

Uploaded by

Hemant Chaudhari
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Crop Yield Prediction (Agriculture)

1. Introduction

1.1 Problem Statement:

Agricultural productivity is influenced by multiple factors, including soil quality, weather


conditions, and farming practices. Predicting crop yield accurately can help farmers optimize
their strategies, allocate resources effectively, and mitigate losses due to unfavorable
conditions. This study aims to develop a machine learning model for predicting crop yield
based on historical agricultural data.

1.2 Objectives:

The main objective is to analyze various environmental and soil parameters to predict the yield
of specific crops. The study will leverage historical crop yield datasets and employ different
machine learning techniques to create a robust predictive model. The ultimate goal is to assist
farmers and policymakers in making data-driven agricultural decisions.

1.3 Scope:

This study considers factors such as soil moisture, temperature, rainfall, fertilizer use, and pest
impact on crop yield. Various regression models, including linear regression, random forest,
and deep learning techniques, will be explored to determine the most effective prediction
method. Additionally, geographic and temporal factors will be examined to improve prediction
accuracy.

Post Graduate Diploma in AI & DS, GHRCEM, Pune | 1


Crop Yield Prediction (Agriculture)

2. Methodology

Data is collected from agricultural research databases and cleaned to handle missing values,
outliers, and inconsistent records. Feature engineering techniques, including polynomial
feature generation and normalization, are applied. The dataset is split into training and testing
sets (80-20% ratio). A Random Forest Regressor is trained and evaluated using RMSE, MAE,
and R² score.

To improve performance, hyperparameter tuning is conducted using Grid Search CV.


Additionally, time-series analysis is applied to incorporate seasonality effects in crop yield
prediction.

Post Graduate Diploma in AI & DS, GHRCEM, Pune | 2


Crop Yield Prediction (Agriculture)

3. Results & Discussions

 MAE: 0.21
 RMSE: 0.35
 R²: 0.87

The results indicate that the model achieves an R² value of 0.87, showing strong
predictive capabilities. The model successfully captures the relationships between
environmental factors and crop yield. Future enhancements could involve integrating
remote sensing data from satellites and real-time weather updates to refine predictions
further.

Post Graduate Diploma in AI & DS, GHRCEM, Pune | 3


Crop Yield Prediction (Agriculture)

4. Conclusion

The developed model provides reliable crop yield predictions, helping farmers make informed
decisions. Future improvements can explore deep learning approaches and IoT-based real-time
monitoring systems to enhance accuracy and usability.

Post Graduate Diploma in AI & DS, GHRCEM, Pune | 4

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