General issues of oncology. Organization of cancer care.
1. Definition of the concepts of "tumor" and "cancer". The main properties of
malignant tumors (boundlessness of growth, relative autonomy, cellular atypia,
metastasis). Stages of carcinogenesis.
2. Etiology of malignant tumors. External and genetic factors. The causes of
induced tumors.
3. Metastasis of malignant tumors, the main types and stages of metastasis
4. Groups of dispensary registration.
6. Statistics and epidemiology of malignant tumors
7. The main indicators of morbidity and mortality in the main locations of
malignant neoplasms.
8. The concept of advanced malignant tumors. Causes of neglect in cancer patients
9. Issues of ethics and deontology in the professional activity of an oncologist.
10. Organization of the oncological service. The tasks of the oncological doctor,
the role and tasks of the district oncologist, the role and tasks of the examination
room.
[Link] organization and main tasks of the oncological dispensary. Organization of
an oncological service.
12. High-risk groups for oncopathology. The role of dispensary supervision.
13. Diagnostic algorithms in oncology. The main purpose of the diagnostic stages.
Types of biopsies.
14. Features of tumor diagnosis. Principles of oncological alertness among doctors
of the general medical network.
15. The structure of the diagnosis of cancer. Classification of TNM. Stages.
16. General principles of surgical treatment of cancer patients: ablasty, antiblasty,
sheath, zonality. Types of surgical interventions. The concept of radical surgical
treatment.
17. Tumor markers. The role of tumor markers in the diagnosis of malignant
tumors.
18. X-ray diagnostic method in oncology. Possibilities, effectiveness and
indications for the use of various methods of X-ray diagnostics in malignant
tumors.
19. Diagnostic capabilities, effectiveness and indications for the use of
radioisotope research methods in oncology.
20. Diagnostic capabilities, effectiveness and indications for the use of ultrasound
research methods in oncology.
21. Diagnostic capabilities, effectiveness and indications for the use of endoscopic
research methods in oncology.
22. Drug treatment of malignant tumors. Indications and contraindications to
chemotherapy. The concept of chemoresistance.
23. Complications of chemotherapy. Prevention and main directions of treatment
of complications of chemotherapy.
24. Classification of antitumor drugs.
25. Types of chemotherapy. Methods of administration of chemotherapeutic drugs.
26. The place of radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors. Modern
possibilities of radiation therapy.
27. The biological effect of ionizing radiation on the tumor. Radiation
pathomorphosis. The concept of radioresistance.
28. The main types of radiation therapy in oncology.
29. Features of the therapeutic effects of various types of ionizing radiation. Types
of radiation therapy devices.
30. Radiation reactions and complications of radiation therapy. Methods of their
prevention and treatment.
Laryngeal cancer
1. Laryngeal cancer. Features of clinical manifestations depending on localization
and distribution.
2. Diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. The algorithm of using diagnostic procedures in
the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer.
3. Modern principles of laryngeal cancer treatment in accordance with the
standards of medical care
Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland
1. Etiology of thyroid canceк. Morbidity. The basic principles of morphological
classification of thyroid tumors.
2. Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Origin, regional metastasis, main target
organs.
3. Medullary thyroid cancer. Origin, etiology. The main biological properties,
metabolic activity, and features of the course.
4. Clinical manifestations of thyroid cancer. The primary signs of a neoplasm.
Symptoms of locally advanced cancer.
5. Methods of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer and
indications for their use.
6. Principles of thyroid cancer treatment in accordance with the standards of
medical care.
Lung cancer
1. The main clinical manifestations of lung cancer, depending on the clinical and
anatomical form of tumor growth. Features of differential diagnosis. Paraneoplastic
syndromes in lung cancer.
2. Lung cancer. Morbidity and mortality. Etiology of lung cancer, risk factors.
3. The main morphological variants of lung cancer, principles of classification
according to TNM.
4. Optimal methods of modern diagnosis of lung cancer depending on the clinical
and anatomical form of tumor growth.
5. General principles of lung cancer treatment depending on clinical,
morphological and biological prognosis factors in accordance with the standards of
medical care. Forecast.
6. Indications for combined and surgical treatment of patients with non-small cell
lung cancer.
7. Indications for combined and complex treatment of patients with small cell lung
cancer.
8. Surgical treatment of lung cancer: the choice of the volume of surgery
depending on the prevalence of the tumor. The concept of somatic and oncological
contraindications to surgical treatment of lung cancer.
9. Symptomatic and palliative treatment of lung cancer. Stenting, photodynamic
and radiation therapy.
Stomach cancer
1. Stomach cancer. Current data on the incidence, mortality, and neglect of
stomach cancer, the dynamics of changes in these indicators. Risk factors for
stomach cancer.
2. Precancerous diseases and precancerous changes in gastric cancer, their role in
the early diagnosis of the disease.
3. The main clinical manifestations of gastric cancer, depending on the location of
the tumor and the features of differential diagnosis. Patterns of metastasis.
4. The main clinical and morphological forms of gastric cancer, principles of
classification of gastric cancer according to TNM.
5. Modern methods of diagnosis of stomach cancer. The place of X-ray and
endoscopic research methods in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
6. Principles of surgical treatment of gastric cancer with standards of medical care.
The main types of radical surgery. Symptomatic and palliative surgery.
7. Complications of stomach cancer. Clinic, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
8. Chemotherapy for stomach cancer. Indications for targeted therapy.
Tumors of the colon and rectum
1. Colorectal cancer. Current data on morbidity, mortality, neglect, dynamics of
changes in these indicators. Risk factors for colorectal cancer.
2. Malignant tumors of the colon. Etiological factors. Facultative and obligate
precancerous diseases of the colon, their role in the occurrence of cancer.
3. The main clinical manifestations and features of the differential diagnosis of
colon and rectal cancer, depending on the location of the tumor. Complicated
colorectal cancer. Patterns of metastasis of colorectal cancer.
4. The main clinical and morphological forms of colorectal cancer, principles of
classification according to TNM.
5. Optimal methods of modern diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The place of X-ray
and endoscopic research methods in diagnostics.
6. Modern methods of colorectal cancer treatment with standards of medical care
7. Indications and contraindications for their use.
8. Principles of chemotherapeutic treatment and targeted therapy of colorectal
cancer.
Tumors of the pancreas
1. Pancreatic cancer. Morbidity, mortality, neglect. Risk factors for pancreatic
cancer.
2. The main clinical manifestations of pancreatic cancer.
3. Optimal methods of modern diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
4. Modern methods of pancreatic cancer treatment with standards of medical care
Liver tumors
1. Primary liver cancer. Morbidity, mortality, neglect. Classification. Risk factors.
2. The clinical picture of malignant liver tumors. Patterns of metastasis.
3. Optimal methods of modern diagnosis of liver tumors
4. Modern methods of treatment of liver cancer in accordance with the standards of
medical care
Skin cancer. Melanoma
1. Facultative and obligate precancerous skin diseases.
2. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Features of
growth and distribution. Diagnosis and treatment in accordance with the standards
of medical care
3. Classification of nevi. Melanoma-threatening and non-dangerous nevi. Signs of
nevus "activation".
4. Malignant melanoma: morbidity, mortality, origin, risk factors, clinical signs.
5. Melanoma: diagnosis, treatment. Prognostic factors
Tumors of soft tissues and bones.
1. Malignant tumors of soft tissues. Principles of classification of soft tissue
tumors. Features of metastasis.
2. Clinic and diagnosis of malignant tumors of soft tissues. Features of differential
diagnosis.
3. Modern principles of treatment of soft tissue tumors in accordance with the
standards of medical care. Forecast.
4. The main types of malignant bone tumors. Etiology. Ways and features of
metastasis.
5. Clinic of Ewing's sarcoma and osteogenic sarcoma. Methods of diagnosis of
bone tumors, staging. Features of morphological diagnosis.
6. Principles of treatment of osteogenic sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma
1. Hodgkin's lymphoma (LH). Morbidity rates. Classification of LGM.
Histological forms of LX
2. Clinical manifestations of LH – local, general. Features of the clinical course
depending on the morphological variant of the disease, the stage, and the presence
of symptoms of intoxication;
3. Methods of diagnosis of LH. The sequence of research methods.
4. Treatment of LH. The choice of treatment method depends on the stage.
Prognostic factors for the choice of treatment. The role of the surgical treatment
method.
5. Differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathies.
Breast cancer
1. Breast cancer, morbidity, mortality. Risk factors for breast cancer.
2. Precancerous breast diseases: fibroadenoma, diffuse and focal mastopathy –
clinic, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
3. Clinical forms of breast cancer. Skin symptoms. Differential diagnosis.
Metastasis of breast cancer
4. Methods of diagnosis of mammary gland tumors.
5. Basic principles of breast cancer treatment in accordance with the standards of
medical care
6. Principles of combined and complex treatment of breast cancer. Hormone
therapy and targeted treatment of breast cancer.