NUS MA2002 Calculus Tutorial Solutions
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Powered by AIThe tangent line to a quadratic function at a given point supplies both the slope and the point of tangency, which through unique equations such as y = mx + b can identify specific coordinates. In Source 3, for the parabola y = x², the tangent at any point x = a has a derivative y' = 2a. By setting the tangent line to also fit x² - 2x + 2 at b, and solving simultaneous equations, specific points a = 1/2 and b = 3/2 are determined, giving the unique tangent line y = x - 1/4 at these points .
A removable discontinuity occurs at a point where the limit of the function exists but does not equal the function's value at that point. It can be resolved by redefining the function's value at the discontinuous point to make it continuous. From Source 1, for the function f(x) = x^2 - x / x^2 - 1, there is a removable discontinuity at x = 1 because the limit exists but is not equal to f(1). Redefining f(1) = 1/2 will remove the discontinuity .
A function may fail to be differentiable at a point if the derivative limits from either side of the point are not equal. In Source 4, the function is not differentiable at x = 3 because the left-hand limit lim h→0− and the right-hand limit lim h→0+ of (f(3+h)−f(3))/h are not equal. This difference indicates a lack of differentiability at x = 3, despite potential continuity .
Differentiability at a point implies that a function is also continuous at that point because, for a derivative to exist, both the function's values and their slopes must converge to finite limits. In Source 2, differentiability at x = 2 is examined with f(x) being continuous as a precondition. For the derivative f'(2) to exist, both one-sided limits of the difference quotient must not only exist but equal each other, implying f(x) = f(2).
A piecewise function might be continuous at junction points if the limits of each segment as they approach the junction equal the function value there. It becomes non-differentiable if the derivatives (slopes) of the segments do not align. From Source 4, f(x) defined piecewise by different expressions for x < 3 and x ≥ 3 has matched function values but mismatched derivatives, resulting in non-differentiability despite continuity at x = 3 .
The Squeeze Theorem is applicable when a function can be expressed as being bounded by two other functions that have the same limit at a specific point. As explained in Source 1, for a function f(x) where 1 ≤ f(x) ≤ x for x > 1, the limits of the bounding functions as x approaches 1 are both equal to 1. Thus, the limit of f(x) as x approaches 1 is also 1, demonstrating the utility of the Squeeze Theorem in determining limits .
The slope of the tangent line at a specific point on a curve is the derivative of the function at that point. For instance, in Source 2, the slope of the tangent at (−1,3) for y = f(x) is determined by evaluating the limit definition of the derivative f '(−1), resulting in a slope m = 2. Similarly, at (2,8) for y = x^3, the derivative gives a slope of m = 12 .
The Intermediate Value Theorem states that if a function is continuous on a closed interval [a, b] and if k is a number between f(a) and f(b), then there exists at least one c in the interval (a, b) such that f(c) = k. As discussed in Source 1, when f(x) = sinx + x + 1 is continuous on [-π,0] and changes sign over the interval, the theorem guarantees at least one real solution where f(c) = 0 within that interval .
The uniqueness of tangent lines for specific slopes ties intersections across different functions through simultaneous tangent equations. Source 2 discusses tangent lines to y = x² and y = x²−2x+2 at shared slopes from unique points like a = 1/2 and b = 3/2. The concurrent slopes result in these lines not only touching but having the same tangent at those specific points, demonstrating how unique intersection properties can relate functions .
A function is continuous at a specific point, such as x = 2, if the limit of the function as it approaches the point from both sides equals the function's value at that point. Specifically, for differentiability, the derivative at that point must exist. From Source 3, f is differentiable at x = 2 if f is continuous at x = 2, which requires that lim x→2 f(x) = f(2). Additionally, the limit of the derivative as x approaches from both sides must exist and be equal .