[1] E.
Burgdorf, Predicting the impact of data corruption on the operation of cyber-physical
systems. 2017.
[2] V. Chandola, A. Banerjee, and V. Kumar, “Anomaly detection: A survey,” ACM
computing surveys (CSUR), vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 1–58, 2009.
[3] M. Pang-Ning and V. Steinbach, Introduction to data mining. Pearson Education India,
2016.
[4] H. M. Touny, A. S. Moussa, and A. S. Hadi, “Fuzzy multivariate outliers with application
on BACON algorithm,” in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-
IEEE), 2020.
[5] S. Thudumu, P. Branch, J. Jin, and J. Singh, “A comprehensive survey of anomaly
detection techniques for high dimensional big data,” J. Big Data, vol. 7, no. 1, 2020, doi:
10.1186/s40537-020-00320-x.
[6] O. J. Oyelade, O. O. Oladipupo, and I. C. Obagbuwa, “Application of k Means Clustering
algorithm for prediction of Students Academic Performance,” arXiv [[Link]], 2010.
[Online] Available: [Link]
[7] H. L. Sari, D. Suranti Mrs, and L. N. Zulita, “Implementation of k-means clustering
method for electronic learning model,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 930, p. 012021, 2017, doi:
10.1088/1742-6596/930/1/012021.
[8] M. Ester, H.-P. Kriegel, J. Sander, and X. Xu, “A density-based algorithm for discovering
clusters in large spatial databases with noise,” In kdd, vol. 96, no. 34, pp. 226–231, 1996.
[9] D. Deng, “DBSCAN clustering algorithm based on density,” in 2020 7 th International
Forum on Electrical Engineering and Automation (IFEEA), 2020.
[10] F. T. Liu, K. M. Ting, and Z.-H. Zhou, “Isolation Forest,” in 2008 Eighth IEEE
International Conference on Data Mining, 2008.
[11] R. Gao, T. Zhang, S. Sun, and Z. Liu, “Research and improvement of Isolation Forest in
detection of local anomaly points,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1237, no. 5, p. 052023, 2019, doi:
10.1088/1742-6596/1237/5/052023.
[12] M. Ashrafuzzaman, S. Das, A. A. Jillepalli, Y. Chakhchoukh, and F. T. Sheldon, “Elliptic
envelope based detection of stealthy false data injection attacks in smart grid control
systems,” in 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 2020.
[13] C. McKinnon, J. Carroll, A. McDonald, S. Koukoura, D. Infield, and C. Soraghan,
“Comparison of new anomaly detection technique for wind turbine condition monitoring
using gearbox SCADA data,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 19, p. 5152, 2020, doi:
10.3390/en13195152.
[14] Goldstein, Markus, and Andreas Dengel. "Histogram-based outlier score (hbos): A fast
unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm." KI-2012: poster and demo track 9 (2012).
[15] N. Paulauskas and A. Baskys, “Application of histogram-based outlier scores to detect
computer network anomalies,” Electronics (Basel), vol. 8, no. 11, p. 1251, 2019, doi:
10.3390/electronics8111251.
[16] I. T. Jolliffe and J. Cadima, “Principal component analysis: a review and recent
developments,” Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., vol. 374, no. 2065, p. 20150202,
2016, doi: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0202.
[17] S. Mishra et al., “Principal Component Analysis,” Int. J. Livest. Res., p. 1, 2017, doi:
10.5455/ijlr.20170415115235.
[18] A. Karimian, Z. Yang, and R. Tron, “Rotational outlier identification in pose graphs
using dual decomposition,” in Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, Cham: Springer International
Publishing, 2020, pp. 391–407.
[19] Y. Almardeny, N. Boujnah, and F. Cleary, “A novel outlier detection method for
multivariate data,” IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 4052–4062, 2022, doi:
10.1109/tkde.2020.3036524.
[20] O. Alghushairy, R. Alsini, T. Soule, and X. Ma, “A review of Local Outlier Factor
algorithms for outlier detection in big data streams,” Big Data Cogn. Comput., vol. 5, no. 1,
p. 1, 2020, doi: 10.3390/bdcc5010001.
[21] M. M. Breunig, R. T. Kriegel, and J. Ng, “LOF: identifying density-based local outliers,”
in Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data,
2000, pp. 93–104.
[22] L. Ruff et al., “Deep one-class classification,” in International conference on machine
learning, PMLR, 2018, pp. 4393–4402.
[23] Z. Zhang and X. Deng, “Anomaly detection using improved deep SVDD model with
data structure preservation,” Pattern Recognit. Lett., vol. 148, pp. 1–6, 2021, doi:
10.1016/[Link].2021.04.020.
[24] L. Adamic and E. Adar, “How to search a social network,” Soc. Networks, vol. 27, no. 3,
pp. 187–203, 2005, doi: 10.1016/[Link].2005.01.007.
[25] F. Gao, K. Musial, C. Cooper, and S. Tsoka, “Link prediction methods and their accuracy
for different social networks and network metrics,” Sci. Program., vol. 2015, pp. 1–13, 2015,
doi: 10.1155/2015/172879.
[26] I. Goodfellow et al., “Generative adversarial networks,” Commun. ACM, vol. 63, no. 11,
pp. 139–144, 2020, doi: 10.1145/3422622.
[27] L. Xu, M. Skoularidou, A. Cuesta-Infante, and K. Veeramachaneni, “Mod-eling Tabular
data using Conditional GAN,” arXiv [[Link]], 2019.
[Online]: Available: [Link]
[28] V. J. Hodge and J. Austin, “A survey of outlier detection methodologies,” Artif. Intell.
Rev., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 85–126, 2004, doi: 10.1007/s10462-004-4304-y.
[29] A. Patcha and J.-M. Park, “An overview of anomaly detection techniques: Existing
solutions and latest technological trends,” Comput. Netw., vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 3448–3470,
2007, doi: 10.1016/[Link].2007.02.001.
[30] M. Jiang, P. Cui, and C. Faloutsos, “Suspicious behavior detection: Current trends and
future directions,” IEEE Intell. Syst., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 31–39, 2016, doi:
10.1109/mis.2016.5.
[31] C. O. S. Sorzano, J. Vargas, and A. P. Montano, “A survey of dimension- ality reduction
techniques,” arXiv [[Link]], 2014. [Online]. Available: [Link]
[32] J. Gama, A. Ganguly, O. Omitaomu, R. Vatsavai, and M. Gaber, “Knowledge discovery
from data streams,” Intell. Data Anal., vol. 13, no. 3, pp.403–404, 2009, doi: 10.3233/ida-
2009-0372.
[33] M. Gupta, J. Gao, C. C. Aggarwal, and J. Han, “Outlier Detection for Temporal Data: A
Survey,” IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 2250–2267, 2014, doi:
10.1109/tkde.2013.184.
[34] A. Heydari, M. A. Tavakoli, N. Salim, and Z. Heydari, “Detection of review spam: A
survey,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 3634–3642, 2015, doi:
10.1016/[Link].2014.12.029.
[35] N. Jindal and B. Liu, “Review spam detection,” in Proceedings of the 16 th international
conference on World Wide Web - WWW ’07, 2007.
[36] E. M. Knorr, R. T. Ng, and V. Tucakov, “Distance-based outliers: algorithms and
applications,” VLDB J., vol. 8, no. 3–4, pp. 237–253, 2000, doi: 10.1007/s007780050006.
[37] S. Ramaswamy, R. Rastogi, and S. Kyuseok, “Efficient algorithms for mining outliers
from large data sets”,” in Proc. of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on
Management of Data, 2000, pp. 93–104.
[38] C. C. Aggarwal and P. S. Yu, “Outlier detection for high dimensional data,” in
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data -
SIGMOD ’01, 2001.
[39] J. Han and M. Kamber, Data Mining Concepts and Techniques. USA: Morgan
Kaufmann, 2001.
[40] D. Yu and G. Sheikholeslami, “A find out: finding outliers in very large datasets”,” in
Knowledge and Information Systems, 2002, pp. 387–412.
[41] M.F. Jiang, S.s. Tseng, C. M. Su., ”Two-phase clustering process for outlier detection.
pattern recognition letters”, 2001, vol. 22(6-7), pp. 691–700.
[42] C. C. Aggarwal and P. S. Yu, “An effective and efficient algorithm for high-dimensional
outlier detection,” VLDB J., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 211–221, 2005, doi: 10.1007/s00778-004-
0125-5.
[43] Z. Li, Y. Zhao, X. Hu, N. Botta, C. Ionescu, and G. Chen, “ECOD: Unsupervised outlier
detection using empirical cumulative distribution functions,” IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.,
pp. 1–1, 2022, doi:10.1109/tkde.2022.3159580.
[44] G. Dudek and J. Szkutnik, “Daily load curves in distribution networks- Analysis of
diversity and outlier detection,” in 2017 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric
Power Engineering (EPE), 2017.
[45] E. Andersen, M. Chiarandini, M. Hassani, S. Janicke, P. Tampakis, and A. Zimek,
“Evaluation of probability distribution distance metrics in traffic flow outlier detection,” in
2022 23rd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM), 2022.
[46] Y. Chen, X. Dang, H. Peng, H. L. Bart, and H. L. Bart, “Outlier detection with the
kernelized spatial depth function,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 31, no. 2, pp.
288–305, 2009, doi: 10.1109/tpami.2008.72.
[47] S. Lu, L. Liu, J. Li, and T. D. Le, “Effective Outlier Detection based on Bayesian
Network and Proximity,” in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data),
2018.
[48] M. Kim, S. Jung, and S. Kim, “Fault detection method using inverse distance weight-
based local outlier factor,” in 2021 International Conference on Fuzzy Theory and Its
Applications (iFUZZY), 2021.
[49] X. Wang, Y. Chen, and X. L. Wang, “A Centroid-Based Outlier Detection Method,” in
2017 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence
(CSCI), 2017.
[50] M. A. Haque and H. Mineno, “Proposal of online outlier detection in sensor data using
kernel density estimation,” in 2017 6th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied
Informatics (IIAI-AAI), 2017.
[51] Y. Tao and D. Pi, “Unifying density-based clustering and outlier detection,” in 2009
Second International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2009.
[52] G. Liu, J. Pang, X. Piao, and S. Huang, “The discovery of attribute feature cluster for
any clustering result based on outlier detection technique,” in 2008 International Conference
on Internet Computing in Science and Engineering, 2008.
[53] R. Pamula, J. K. Deka, and S. Nandi, “An outlier detection method based on clustering,”
in 2011 Second International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information
Technology, 2011.
[54] B. Angelin and A. Geetha, “Outlier detection using clustering techniques – K-means and
K-median,” in 2020 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control
Systems (ICICCS), 2020.
[55] Y. Wang, B. Dai, G. Hua, J. Aston, and D. Wipf, “Recurrent variational autoencoders for
learning nonlinear generative models in the presence of outliers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal
Process., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1615–1627, 2018, doi: 10.1109/jstsp.2018.2876995.
[56] Y. Li and H. Wu, “A clustering method based on K-means algorithm,” Phys. Procedia,
vol. 25, pp. 1104–1109, 2012, doi: 10.1016/[Link].2012.03.206.
[57] Z. Li, Y. Zhao, N. Botta, C. Ionescu, and X. Hu, “COPOD: Copula-Based Outlier
Detection,” in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), 2020.
[58] K. J. Paul and R. Harilal, “Implementation of MAD and Mean Absolute Deviation based
Smoothing Algorithm for Displacement Data in Digital Image Correlation Technique,” pp. 1–
6, 2014.
[59] Z. Li, Y. Zhao, X. Hu, N. Botta, C. Ionescu, and G. Chen, “ECOD: Unsupervised outlier
detection using empirical cumulative distribution functions,” IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.,
pp. 1–1, 2022, doi: 10.1109/tkde.2022.3159580.
[60] A. Goodge, B. Hooi, S. K. Ng, and W. S. Ng, “LUNAR: Unifying local outlier detection
methods via graph neural networks,” arXiv [[Link]], 2021.
[Online]. Available: [Link]
[61] A. Bounsiar and M. G. Madden, “One-class support vector machines revisited,” in 2014
International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA), 2014.
[62] L. A. Adamic and E. Adar, “Friends and neighbors on the web,” Soc. Networks, vol. 25,
no. 3, pp. 211–230, 2003, doi: 10.1016/s0378-8733(03)00009-1
[63] X. Zhao, Y. Zhang, S. Xie, Q. Qin, S. Wu, and B. Luo, “Outlier detection based on
residual histogram preference for geometric multi-model fitting,” Sensors (Basel), vol. 20, no.
11, p. 3037, 2020, doi: 10.3390/s20113037
[64] M. M. Breunig, H.-P. Kriegel, R. T. Ng, and J. Sander, “LOF: Identifying density-based
local outliers,” in Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on
Management of data - SIGMOD ’00, 2000.
[65] Z. Cheng, C. Zou, and J. Dong, “Outlier detection using isolation forest and local outlier
factor,” in Proceedings of the Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems,
2019.
[66] H.-P. Kriegel, P. Kröger, E. Schubert, and A. Zimek, “LoOP: local outlier probabilities,”
in Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management,
2009, pp. 1649–1652.
[67] R. Gupta and K. Pandey, “Density based outlier detection technique,” in Advances in
Intelligent Systems and Computing, New Delhi: Springer India, 2016, pp. 51–58.
[68] O. Alghushairy, R. Alsini, T. Soule, and X. Ma, “A review of Local Outlier Factor
algorithms for outlier detection in big data streams,” Big Data Cogn. Comput., vol. 5, no. 1,
p. 1, 2020, doi: 10.3390/bdcc5010001.
[69] H. Xu, L. Zhang, P. Li, and F. Zhu, “Outlier detection algorithm based on k-nearest
neighbors-local outlier factor,” Journal of Algorithms and Computational Technology, vol.
16, 2022.
[70] A. Liu and J. Zhang, “An outlier mining algorithm based on local weighted k-density,”
in 2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery
(FSKD), 2011.
[71] J. Lee and R. Tukhvatov, “Evaluations of similarity measures on VK for link prediction,”
Data Sci. Eng., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 277–289, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s41019-018-0073-5.
[72] “Robust outlier detection using SVM regression,” in 2004 IEEE International Joint
Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat No 04CH37541) IJCNN-04, 2004.
[73] X.-Y. Yang, J. Liu, M.-Q. Zhang, and K. Niu, “A new multi-class SVM algorithm based
on one-class SVM,” in Computational Science – ICCS 2007, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
Berlin Heidelberg, 2007, pp. 677–684.
[74] E. H. Budiarto, A. Erna Permanasari, and S. Fauziati, “Unsupervised anomaly detection
using K-means, local outlier factor and one class SVM,” in 2019 5th International
Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), 2019.
[75] M. Amer, M. Goldstein, and S. Abdennadher, “Enhancing one-class support vector
machines for unsupervised anomaly detection,” in Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD
Workshop on Outlier Detection and Description - ODD ’13, 2013.
[76] H. Lukashevich, S. Nowak, and P. Dunker, “Using one-class SVM outliers detection for
verification of collaboratively tagged image training sets,” in 2009 IEEE International
Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2009.
[77] J. A. Hartigan and M. A. Wong, “Algorithm AS 136: A K-means clustering algorithm,” J.
R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C. Appl. Stat., vol. 28, no. 1, p. 100, 1979, doi: 10.2307/2346830.
[78] D. Marutho, S. Hendra Handaka, E. Wijaya, and Muljono, “The determination of cluster
number at k-mean using elbow method and purity evaluation on headline news,” in 2018
International Seminar on Application for Technology of Information and Communication,
2018.
[79] T. M. Kodinariya and P. R. Makwana, “Review on determining number of Cluster in K-
Means Clustering,” International Journal, vol. 1, no. 6, pp.90–95, 2013.
[80] C. Xiong, Z. Hua, K. Lv, and X. Li, “An improved K-means text clustering algorithm by
optimizing initial cluster centers,” in 2016 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing
and Big Data (CCBD), 2016.