: Voice, Audience, Register, Purpose,

Format.
V - Voice
• Who are you writing as?
o Are you a student, a professional, or someone else?
o Think about your age and personality.
• Consistency is Key
o Keep the same voice throughout your writing.
o Make sure your word choice matches the character or role.

A - Audience
• Who is your reader?
o Young people, students, professionals, politicians, teachers?
• Adjust Your Style
o Your audience influences how you write.
o Change your tone and language to suit them.

R - Register
• Formality Level
o Decide how formal or informal your writing should be.
o Examples:
§ Letter to a friend: casual and informal.
§ Email to a boss: very formal.
• Vocabulary Choice
o Use words that match the level of formality.

P - Purpose
• Why are you writing?
o To convince, inform, inspire, or request something?
• Shape Your Approach
o Your purpose affects your writing style.
o For example:
§ If persuading, be more assertive.
§ If inspiring, use motivational language and calls to action.
FORMAT: WHAT FORMAT TO USE.
Letter
Steps
1. Understand the Question
o Highlight key words.
o Identify the three main points you need to cover.
2. Gather Relevant Points
o Find five points from the text for each bullet point in the question.
3. Think About VARP
o Consider Voice, Audience, Register, and Purpose.

General Format
• Opening
o Begin with "Dear [Name or Title]".
o No need to include an address or date.
• Introduction
o A brief statement of purpose.
o Example: "I am writing to..."
• Body Paragraphs
o Write one paragraph for each bullet point.
• Closing
o Depends on the context.
o Examples: "Sincerely," "Yours truly," "Regards," "With love,"

Tips
• Use Ideas from the Text
o Include both direct information and inferences.
o Avoid adding unrelated details.
• Plan Ahead
o Organize your thoughts before writing.
• Write in Your Own Words
o Don't copy directly from the text.
• Stay on Topic
o Focus on the points asked in the question.
Magazine Article
Steps
1. Understand the Question
o Read carefully and underline key words.
o Note what each bullet point is asking.
2. Select Relevant Points
o Choose exactly 15 points from the passages.
o Balance points from Text A and Text B equally.
3. Consider VARP
Format
• Headline
o Use what's given or create your own.
o Make it catchy: use humor, alliteration, or a rhetorical question.
• Introduction
o Grab the reader's attention.
o Set the context of the topic.
• Body Paragraphs
o Discuss ideas from both texts.
o Include both direct and inferred points.
o Analyze attitudes and ideas presented.
• Conclusion
o Provide your final thoughts.
o State your opinion and justify it.
o Evaluate the overall stances of both texts.

Tips
• Evaluate and Analyze
o Don't just list points; delve into their meanings.
• Pick Up on Undertones
o Notice subtle messages or biases in the texts.
• Use Relevant Vocabulary
o Match your language to the topic (e.g., for social media, mention posts,
likes, etc.).
• Express Your Opinion
o Use adverbs like "strongly," "unfortunately," "personally."
• Incorporate Figurative Language
o Use similes, metaphors, and alliteration to enhance your writing.
Speech Writing
Steps
1. Read the Question
o Underline key words.
2. Select Relevant Points
o Find 15 points from the text, including inferences.
3. Consider VARP
Format
• Introduction
o Start with a hook to grab attention.
§ Use a "what if" or "imagine" scenario.
§ Ask a rhetorical question.
§ Share a statistic or powerful phrase.
o Introduce yourself if necessary.
• Body Paragraphs (3)
o Begin with a topic sentence connecting the main idea.
o Analyze and expand on points from the text.
• Conclusion
o Summarize your main points.
o State your stance and justify it.
o End with a call to action.
§ Use imperative verbs.
§ Ask rhetorical questions.

Tips
• Use Impactful Techniques
o Shock tactics, strong facts, and statistics.
o Hyperbole and vivid imagery.
o Repetition and lists of three.
• Language Style
o Use forceful, imperative phrases.
o Choose emotive and evocative words.
o Simple language is effective if clear.
• Connect with the Audience
o Use personal pronouns: I, you, we.
o Make it personal to engage listeners.
Journal
Steps
1. Read the Question
o Underline key words.
2. Select Relevant Points
o Find 5 points from the text for each bullet point.
3. Consider VARP
Format
• Opening
o Start with "Dear Journal" or a similar greeting.
• Body Paragraphs
o Write three paragraphs, one for each bullet point.
• Closing
o Sign off with the character's name.

Tips
• Be Reflective and Thoughtful
o Express emotions and feelings.
• Use a Chronological Approach
o Narrate events in order.
• Avoid Copying the Text
o Use your own words and infer feelings.
• Language Style
o Usually informal.
o Include features like hyperbole, sarcasm, idioms, and rhetorical
questions.

Interview Writing
Steps
1. Read the Question
 o Underline key words.
2. Select Relevant Points
o Find 5 points for each bullet point.
3. Consider VARP
Format
• Script Format
o Write as a dialogue.
§ Interviewer: Question
§ Name: Answer
• Introduction
o Not necessary, but you can write a brief one to set the scene.
• Body Paragraphs
o Use the provided questions without changing them.
o One paragraph per question.
• Closing
o No conclusion needed.

Tips
• Understand the Character
o Infer attitudes and reactions.
o Reflect their way of speaking.
• Use Conversational English
o Write as if it's spoken aloud.
o Include varied punctuation like ellipses (...) and dashes (—).
• You can make some stuff up-but keep it believable and relavent
• Avoid Slang
o Keep language appropriate for all readers.
 News Report
Steps
1. Read the Question
o Underline key words.
2. Select Relevant Points
o Find 5 points for each bullet point.
3. Consider VARP
o Voice: Impersonal journalist.
o Audience: General public.
o Register: Extremely formal.
o Purpose: To inform.

Format
• Title
o Make it short and catchy.
o Use techniques like alliteration, powerful words, or rhetorical
questions.
• Paragraph 1: Introduction
o Summarize the main events in 1-2 sentences.
o Cover what happened, where, when, and who was involved.
• Paragraph 2: Background
o Explain why it happened.
o Provide history and causes.
• Paragraph 3: Account
o Detail how it happened.
o Provide specifics of the event.
• Paragraph 4: Responses
o Include reactions from participants or witnesses.
o Use direct and reported speech.
• Conclusion
o Evaluate the situation.
o Mention future events or actions.

Tips
• Stay Impersonal and Objective
o Don't include personal opinions.
o Remain neutral.
• Language Use
 o Use dramatic vocabulary without bias.
o Avoid personal pronouns.
• Incorporate Quotes
o Use direct speech: "It was strange," he said.
o Use reported speech: He said it was strange.
• Passive Reporting Verbs
o Phrases like "It is believed that..." or "It is expected that..."
• Clear and Concise Sentences
o Be straightforward and avoid unnecessary details.

Formal Report
Steps
1. Read the Question
o Underline key words.
2. Select Relevant Points
o Find 5 points for each bullet point.
3. Consider VARP
o Voice: Polite, objective, possibly as a student or employee.
o Audience: An official or someone in authority.
o Register: Very formal.
o Purpose: To highlight issues and offer solutions.

Format
• Overview
o State the purpose of the report.
o Include basic details: who, what, where, when, why, how.
• Body Paragraphs
o Use subheadings to organize content.
o Highlight problems and provide details.
• Conclusion
 o Offer evaluations.
o Suggest sensible solutions to the issues.

Tips
• Language Style
o Be precise and concise.
o Use formal and neutral language.
o Avoid figurative language and slang.
• Include Facts
o Use formal linking words like "therefore" and "hence."
o Provide facts, statistics, and quotes if relevant.
• Focus on Findings
o Don't just narrate events.
o Present what was discovered and learned.
o Analyze and evaluate the information.