Chapter 15: Computer Security and Privacy

TRUE/FALSE

1. System failure can occur because of a hardware problem, software problem, or a computer virus.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 593

2. Semirugged PCs are designed to withstand drops of three feet or more onto concrete, extreme
temperature ranges, wet conditions, and use while being bounced around over rough terrain in a
vehicle.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 598

3. It is not a good idea to turn off your computer before moving it.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 599

4. The disaster recovery plan is also called a business continuity plan.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 601

5. Hardware theft can take many forms, including individuals making illegal copies of programs to give
to friends and businesses installing software on more computers than permitted in the program’s
end-user license agreement.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 603

6. Cookies and spyware are possible privacy risks.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 606

7. Information such as birth records, marriage certificates, and divorce information, as well as property
purchases, assessments, liens, and tax values is confidential and can legally be seen only by authorized
individuals.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 608

8. Information about individuals is not available in government databases.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 608

9. Some states permit searches for property located in that state, such as displaying the owner’s name,
address, and a link to additional information including property value for the supplied owner name.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 608

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
10. In response to the increased occurrence of identity theft, some local governments have removed birth
and death information from their available online records.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 609

11. Scam refers to unsolicited e-mail sent to a large group of individuals at one time.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 610

12. You can surf anonymously, opt out of some marketing activities, and use filters and other tools to limit
your exposure to spam.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 611

13. Read the Web site’s piracy rules (if they exist) before providing any personal information.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 612

14. At the present time, opting-out procedures are confusing and time-consuming, and they do not always
work well.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 615

15. Some electronic tools, such as computer monitoring software and video surveillance equipment, can be
used legally by individuals, businesses, and law enforcement agencies.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 616

16. A growing illegal use of computer monitoring software is the use of a keystroke logging system by
hackers.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 618

17. Many privacy advocates object to the use of video surveillance and face recognition technology in
public locations.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 620

18. A privacy concern is the inclusion of digital camera capabilities in most mobile phones today.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 620

19. The video card is worn by an employee for continuous access and monitoring purposes.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 621

20. There are many options for protecting yourself against computer monitoring by your employer or the
government.

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 623

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. One of the most obvious types of hardware loss is hardware theft. _________________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 592

2. Software piracy can occur because of a natural disaster (such as a tornado, fire, flood, or hurricane),
sabotage, or terrorist attack. _________________________

ANS: F, System failure

PTS: 1 REF: 593

3. Chain locks can be used to secure computers and other hardware. _________________________

ANS: F, Cable

PTS: 1 REF: 593

4. Computer tracking software sends identifying information to the computer tracking company on a
regular basis. _________________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 595

5. Mobile protection software can remotely lock down a lost or stolen phone, display a message on the
phone containing instructions for returning the device, and/or play a sound to help the owner locate the
phone if it is nearby. _________________________

ANS: F, tracking

PTS: 1 REF: 597

6. To provide continuous power to facilities (such as hospitals, nuclear power plants, and business data
centers) that cannot afford to be without power for any period of time, generators can be used.
_________________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 599

7. A(n) head crash occurs when a hard drive’s read/write heads actually touch the surface of a hard disk.
_________________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 599

8. Presence backup enables data backups to be made on a continual basis so that data can be recovered
from any point in time, even just a few minutes ago, when needed. _________________________

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 ANS: F
CDP
Continuous data protection
Continuous data protection (CDP)
CDP (Continuous data protection)

PTS: 1 REF: 601

9. Prevention measures against the counterfeiting of documents—such as checks and identification

cards—include using microprinting, watermarks, and other difficult-to-reproduce content.
_________________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 605

10. To prevent pop-up ads from disturbing your Internet sessions, use a(n) antipop-up cookie—such as the
one built-into the Google toolbar or the ones that can be enabled through many Web browsers.
_________________________

ANS: F, pop-up blocker

PTS: 1 REF: 610

11. To comply with truth-in-advertising laws, a(n) unsubscribe e-mail address included in an unsolicited
e-mail must be a working address. _________________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 612

12. The hard drives of computers to be disposed of should be cleaned before they are sold or recycled.
_________________________

ANS: F, wiped

PTS: 1 REF: 616

13. Computer monitoring programs can keep a log of all computer keystrokes performed on a computer,
record the activities taking place, take screen shots of the screen at specified intervals, and more.
_________________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 617

14. It is illegal to use computer monitoring software on your own computer or on the computers of your
employees. _________________________

ANS: F, legal

PTS: 1 REF: 618

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 15. Often used in conjunction with face recognition technology, public video surveillance systems are
used to try to identify known terrorists and other criminals, to identify criminals whose crimes are
caught on tape, and to prevent crimes from occurring. _________________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 619

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Our networked society has raised a number of ____ concerns.

a. privacy c. hardware theft
b. patent d. software quality
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 591

2. Hardware loss, as well as other security issues, can result from hardware damage (both intentional and
accidental) and ____.
a. software bugs c. system failure
b. interrupted power d. spikes
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 591

3. Although many of us may prefer not to think about it, ____—the complete malfunction of a computer
system—and other types of computer-related disasters do happen.
a. software piracy c. spikes
b. interrupted power d. system failure
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 592

4. To facilitate using a computer lock, nearly all computers today come with a ____—a small opening
built into the system unit case designed for computer locks.
a. security slot c. security opening
b. cable anchor d. user lock
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 593

5. ____ can be used to secure portable computers, external hard drives, and other portable pieces of
hardware to a table or other object.
a. Surge suppressors c. Spike suppressors
b. Password locks d. Cable locks
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 593

6. ____ systems encrypt everything stored on the drive (the operating system, application programs, data,
temporary files, and so forth) automatically without any user interaction.
a. USB c. IDC
b. RFID d. FDE
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 595

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 7. The data on the ____ USB flash drive shown in the accompanying figure cannot be accessed until the
user is authenticated via a fingerprint scan.
a. encrypted c. registered
b. locked d. indexed
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 595

8. Some software tools are not designed to prevent hardware from being stolen; instead, they are
designed to aid in its ____.
a. recycle c. repair
b. recovery d. running
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 595

9. ____ devices are designed to withstand much more physical abuse than conventional devices.
a. Secured c. Malleable
b. Ruggedized d. Flexible
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 598

10. Laptop ____ protect portable computers from scratches and other damage when they are carried in a
conventional briefcase or bag.
a. pads c. pillows
b. sleeves d. cushions
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 598

11. ____ devices typically have a durable case and are spill-resistant, but may not withstand falls from
three feet or more onto concrete.
a. Malleable c. Semirugged
b. Rugged d. Ultrarugged
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 598

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
12. Users who want their desktop computers to remain powered up when the electricity goes off should
use a(n) ____, as shown in the accompanying figure.
a. UPS c. voltage controller
b. surge suppressor d. voltage meter
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 598-599

13. ____ are small programs that take care of software-specific problems, or bugs, such as security holes.
a. Backups c. Scripts
b. Applets d. Patches
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 600

14. Creating a ____ means making a duplicate copy of important files so that when a problem occurs, you
can restore those files using the copy.
a. mirror c. hot file
b. hotspot d. backup
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 601

15. To supplement backup procedures, businesses and other organizations should have a(n) ____.
a. insurance plan c. disaster recovery plan
b. continuation rule d. survival guide
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 601

16. A(n) ____ is an alternate location equipped with the computers, cabling, desks, and other equipment
necessary to keep a business’s operations going.
a. buddy site c. hot site
b. alternate pad d. white room
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 602

17. To prevent the counterfeiting of U.S. currency, the Treasury Department releases new currency
designs every ____.
a. 7 to 10 years c. 10 to 12 years
b. 10 years d. 12 years
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 605

18. The term ____ refers to the rights of individuals and companies to control how information about them
is collected and used.
a. information privacy c. information piracy
b. information security d. digital Counterfeiting
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 606

19. ____ are used for marketing purposes, such as sending advertisements that fit each individual’s
interests or trying to sign people up over the phone for some type of service.
a. Government databases c. Educational databases
b. Marketing databases d. Research databases

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 607

20. ____ met with significant objection to its Beacon advertising service. Beacon, introduced in late 2007,
was designed to track members’ Web purchases and other Web activities on more than 40 partner sites
and share those purchases and activities with the users’ friends.
a. MySpace c. Facebook
b. YouTube d. Google Reader
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 607

21. Collecting in-depth information about an individual is known as ____.

a. personal databasing c. information piracy
b. identity theft d. electronic profiling
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 609

22. Most businesses and Web sites that collect personal information have a(n) ____ that discloses how the
personal information you provide will be used.
a. piracy policy c. identity policy
b. security policy d. privacy policy
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 609

23. When spam is sent via IM it is called ____.

a. spoof c. spim
b. phish d. junk
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 610

24. For online shopping, signing up for free offers, discussion groups, product registration, and other
activities that typically lead to junk e-mail, use a disposable or ____.
a. junkie e-mail address c. one-use e-mail address
b. throw-away e-mail address d. second-hand e-mail address
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 611

25. One common way to deal with spam that makes it to your computer is to use a(n) ____.
a. e-mail filter c. encryption scheme
b. spam e-mail address d. hot site
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 613

26. By ____, you instruct companies you do business with that they cannot share your personal data with
third parties.
a. signing piracy agreements c. contracting legal help
b. opting out d. e-mailing them
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 614

27. To ____ means to request that you be included in marketing activities or that your information be
shared with other companies.

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 a. filter c. opt out
b. opt in d. share accept
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 615

28. ____ is used specifically for the purpose of recording keystrokes or otherwise monitoring someone’s
computer activity.
a. Surveillance software c. Computer monitoring software
b. Video software d. Audio software
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 617

29. ____ is the use of video cameras to monitor activities of individuals, such as employees or individuals
in public locations, for work-related or crime-prevention purposes.
a. Computer monitoring c. Multimedia surveillance
b. Computer surveillance d. Video surveillance
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 619

30. ____ cameras are also increasingly being installed in schools in the United States and other countries
to enable administrators to monitor both teacher and student activities.
a. Computer monitoring c. Multimedia surveillance
b. Computer surveillance d. Video surveillance
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 619

31. ____ refers to companies recording or observing the actions of employees while on the job.
a. Computer monitoring c. Employee monitoring
b. Video surveillance d. Identity theft
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 621

32. For monitoring the physical locations of employees, video cameras can be used, but another possibility
is the use of ____.
a. proximity cards c. face recognition
b. presence technology d. video cards
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 621

33. ____ refers to the ability of one computing device on a network (such as the Internet) to locate and
identify another device on the same network and determine its status.
a. Presence technology c. Digital surveillance
b. Computer monitoring d. Detection technology
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 622

34. ____ programs can be used to detect and remove some types of illegal computer monitoring and
spyware software.
a. Antivirus software c. Antispoof software
b. Antispyware software d. Antiphish software
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 623
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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
35. The high level of concern regarding computer security and personal privacy has led state and federal
legislators to pass a variety of laws since the ____.
a. 1950s c. 1970s
b. 1960s d. 1980s
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 624

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

Case 15-1
IBF Consultants, LLC provides consulting services in privacy and theft deterrence solutions.

36. One of their clients has very sensitive data and they are less concerned about recovering any stolen
computer than ensuring that the data located on the computer is not compromised. Which of the
following technologies would be useful in this case?
a. kill switch hard drives c. DataDots
b. surge suppressors d. keylogging software
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 596 TOP: Critical Thinking

37. Another client owns a large number of expensive electronic devices and would like to be able to
recover them in case of theft. IBF advises her to attach ____ to these devices.
a. kill switches c. asset tags
b. surge suppressors d. keyloggers
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 596 TOP: Critical Thinking

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

Case 15-2
Samuel loves to shop online because it allows him to easily compare prices at different retailers and
read reviews from other buyers before buying a product. However, Samuel is also concerned about
protecting his personal information.

38. In order to lessen the chances of his main e-mail address getting spam, he uses a ____ e-mail address
when shopping online.
a. kill switch c. permanent
b. throw-away d. keylogging
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 611 TOP: Critical Thinking

39. Before providing any personal information on a shopping site, Samuel always reads the Web site’s
____.
a. protection history c. privacy record
b. consumer policy d. privacy policy
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 612 TOP: Critical Thinking

40. To further protect his privacy, Samuel has decided to ____ from certain companies by instructing
those companies to not to share his personal information with third parties.
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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 a. opt out c. build filters
b. disengage d. block contact
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 614 TOP: Critical Thinking

COMPLETION

1. ____________________ occurs when hardware is stolen from an individual or from a business,

school, or other organization.

ANS: Hardware theft

PTS: 1 REF: 592

2. ____________________ fluctuations, heat, dust, and static can all damage computer hardware.

ANS: Power

PTS: 1 REF: 592

3. Laptop ____________________ software emits a very loud noise if the computer is unplugged, if
USB devices are removed, or if the computer is shut down without the owner’s permission.

ANS: alarm

PTS: 1 REF: 593-594

4. One software tool that can be used to help increase the chance of a stolen or lost computer being
recovered is computer ____________________ software.

ANS: tracking

PTS: 1 REF: 595

5. Often any sign that computer tracking software is running on the computer or is sending information
via the Internet is hidden from the user; this type of software is sometimes called
____________________ software.

ANS: stealth tracking

PTS: 1 REF: 596

6. ____________________ labels change their appearance if someone (such as a thief) tries to remove
them.

ANS: Tamper evident

PTS: 1 REF: 596-597

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 7. While on the go, the best antitheft measure is ____________________.

ANS: common sense

PTS: 1 REF: 597

8. For users who need more protection than a protective case can provide, ____________________
devices (such as portable computers and mobile phones) are available.

ANS: ruggedized

PTS: 1 REF: 598

9. To protect hardware from damage due to power fluctuations, it is important for all users to use a surge
____________________ with a computer whenever it is plugged into a power outlet.

ANS: suppressor

PTS: 1 REF: 598

10. ____________________ procedures, such as making copies of important documents and storing them
in a safe location, also apply to important nonelectronic documents in your life, such as birth
certificates, tax returns, passports, and so forth.

ANS: Backup

PTS: 1 REF: 602

11. ____________________, the unauthorized copying of a computer program, is illegal in the United
States and many other—but not all—countries.

ANS: Software piracy

PTS: 1 REF: 602

12. By ____________________ businesses and consumers about the legal use of software and the possible
negative consequences associated with breaking antipiracy laws, the industry hopes to reduce the
known use of illegal software significantly.

ANS: educating

PTS: 1 REF: 604

13. ____________________ databases contain marketing and demographic data about people, such as
where they live and what products they buy.

ANS: Marketing

PTS: 1 REF: 607

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
14. Using electronic means to collect a variety of in-depth information about an individual, such as name,
address, income, and buying habits is called ____________________.

ANS: electronic profiling

PTS: 1 REF: 609

15. To protect against ____________________, set your IM program to accept messages only from people
on your buddy list.

ANS: spim

PTS: 1 REF: 610

16. ____________________ refers to following a predesignated procedure to remove yourself from

marketing lists or otherwise preventing your personal information from being obtained by or shared
with others.

ANS:
Opting out
Opt out

PTS: 1 REF: 614

17. A growing illegal use of computer monitoring software is for a hacker to use a(n)
____________________ system to capture usernames, passwords, and other sensitive data entered into
the computer via the keyboard.

ANS: keystroke logging

PTS: 1 REF: 618

18. Law enforcement agencies contend that ____________________ systems and public video
surveillance are no different than the many private video surveillance systems in place today.

ANS: face recognition

PTS: 1 REF: 620

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 19. ID cards with ____________________ or RFID capabilities, as shown in the accompanying figure,
can be used for facility access, computer access, and employee monitoring.

ANS: smart card

PTS: 1 REF: 621

20. The U.S. ____________________ Act of 2006 grants additional authority to the FTC to help protect
consumers from spam, spyware, and Internet fraud and deception.

ANS: SAFE WEB

PTS: 1 REF: 625

ESSAY

1. Why should you be concerned about computer security?

ANS:
Today, there are a number of security concerns surrounding computers and related technology that all
individuals should be concerned about, including having your computer stolen, losing a term paper
because the storage medium your paper was stored on becomes unreadable, losing your mobile phone
containing your entire contact list and calendar, or running the risk of buying pirated or digitally
counterfeited products.

PTS: 1 REF: 591 TOP: Critical Thinking

2. What do surge suppressors do?

ANS:
To protect hardware from damage due to power fluctuations, it is important for all users to use a surge
suppressor with a computer whenever it is plugged into a power outlet. When electrical power spikes
occur, the surge suppressor prevents them from harming your system. For desktop computers, surge
suppressors should be used with all of the powered components in the computer system (such as the
system unit, monitor, printer, and scanner). Surge suppressors designed for portable computers are
typically smaller and designed to connect only one device. There are surge suppressors designed for
business and industrial use, as well.

PTS: 1 REF: 598 TOP: Critical Thinking

3. Discuss the features and benefits of continuous data protection.

ANS:

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 For an even higher level of security than a scheduled backup, continuous data protection (CDP) can be
used. A CDP backup system (most often used with company servers) records data changes on a
continual basis so that data can be recovered from any point in time (even just a few minutes ago) with
no data loss, and recovery can be as fast as five minutes after a failure. Although expensive, it is one of
the best ways to ensure that company data is protected. In addition to business data, CDP is beginning
to be used to adhere to the growing requirements for e-discovery of electronic business documents. In
fact, the size of the e-mail archiving market alone in 2011 is expected to be $1.4 billion, according to
research firm IDC.

PTS: 1 REF: 601 TOP: Critical Thinking

4. Describe e-mail filters.

ANS:
Custom e-mail filters are used to route messages automatically to particular folders based on stated
criteria. For example, you can specify that e-mail messages with keywords frequently used in spam
subject lines (such as free, porn, opportunity, last chance, weight, pharmacy, and similar terms) be
routed into a folder named Possible Spam, and you can specify that all e-mail messages from your
boss’s e-mail address be routed into an Urgent folder. Filtering can help you find important messages
in your Inbox by preventing it from becoming cluttered with spam. However, you need to be sure to
check your Possible Spam or Junk E-mail folder periodically to locate any e-mail messages mistakenly
filed there—especially before you permanently delete those messages.

PTS: 1 REF: 613-614 TOP: Critical Thinking

5. Discuss the proper disposal of hardware containing sensitive information.

ANS:
CDs, DVDs, and other media containing sensitive data should be shredded, and the hard drives of
computers to be disposed of should be wiped—overwritten several times using special disk-wiping or
disk-erasing software—before they are sold or recycled. Unlike the data on a drive that has merely
been erased or even reformatted (which can still be recovered), data on a properly wiped drive is very
difficult or impossible to recover. Wiping is typically viewed as an acceptable precaution for deleting
sensitive data (such as Web site passwords and tax returns) from hard drives and other storage media
belonging to individuals, as well as for storage media to be reused within an organization. However,
before disposing of storage media containing sensitive data, businesses should consider physically
destroying the media, such as by shredding or melting the hardware. To help with this process, data
destruction services can be used. To ensure that all hardware containing business data is properly
disposed of, it is important for all businesses today to develop and implement a policy (often called a
media sanitization or data destruction policy) for destroying data that is no longer needed.

PTS: 1 REF: 616 TOP: Critical Thinking

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.