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Further Maths Concepts and Formulas

The document contains further math notes covering key concepts in projectile motion, partial fractions, and vectors. It includes formulas for calculating range, height, and period in projectile motion, as well as methods for decomposing rational functions and determining properties of vectors. Additionally, it discusses asymptotes, transformations, and matrix operations related to geometric transformations.

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Kriskin Fernandes
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22 views2 pages

Further Maths Concepts and Formulas

The document contains further math notes covering key concepts in projectile motion, partial fractions, and vectors. It includes formulas for calculating range, height, and period in projectile motion, as well as methods for decomposing rational functions and determining properties of vectors. Additionally, it discusses asymptotes, transformations, and matrix operations related to geometric transformations.

Uploaded by

Kriskin Fernandes
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Further math notes

Projectile motion
𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ 𝑡
2
𝑔𝑡
𝑦 = 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ 𝑡 − 2
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ − 𝑔𝑡
2
𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2θ
𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑔
2𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = 𝑔
2 2
𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ
ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 2𝑔

Partial fractions
𝑝𝑥+𝑞 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑥+ɑ)(𝑥+𝑏)
= 𝑥+ɑ
+ 𝑥+𝑏
𝑝𝑥+𝑞 𝐴 𝐵
2 = 𝑥+ɑ
+ 2 also applies when there are other factors in the denominator
(𝑥+ɑ) (𝑥+ɑ)
2
𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
2 = 𝑥+ɑ
+ 2
(𝑥+ɑ)(𝑥 +𝑏) 𝑥 +𝑏
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑔(𝑥)
= 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 𝑔(𝑥)

Vectors
Area of parallelogram = |𝑎 × 𝑏|
Volume of parallelopiped = |(𝑎 × 𝑏) · 𝑐|
Volume of tetrahedron = ⅙ of parallelopiped
| (𝑚1×𝑚2) · (𝑎1− 𝑎2) |
Shortest distance between 2 skew lines || |
|
||𝑚 ×𝑚 ||
| | 1 2| |
Angle between a line and a plane. 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = |
| 𝑛 · 𝑚 ||
| |𝑛||𝑚| |
| 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 −𝑑 |
Shortest distance between a point and a plane | |
| 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐2 |
Further math notes
−𝑏
𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = 𝑎
𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = (− 1) × 𝑎
Numerator sign alternates with expression
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑦= 𝑔(𝑥)
vertical asymptote - equate denominator to 0
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓. 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
Improper rational - horizontal asymptote =
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓. 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
For deg(f(x)) = deg(g(x)) + 1 = irrational, no horizontal asymptote
Oblique asymptote = numerator/denominator
Find discriminant of quadratic of graph in terms of y, plot and where y>0 is the range of the graph

For deg(f(x)) > deg(g(x)) + 1 = irrational, no horizontal or oblique asymptote


1
𝑓(𝑥)

Vertical asymptote Old x intercept

Horizontal asymptote Reciprocal of old horizontal asymptote

X intercept Old vertical asymptote

Y intercept Reciprocal of old y intercept


Skew symmetric matrix. -A = A-1
Invariant lines pass through (0,0)
Area of image = area of shape x determinant

Clockwise/anticlockwise rotation
cos sin cos -sin
-sin cos sin cos

0 1 0 -1
Reflection in y = x/ y=-x
1 0 -1 0

k 0 k 0 1 0
0 k 0 1 0 k
enlargement /stretch along x/y axis

1 k 1 0
0 1 k 1
Shear parallel to x/y axis

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