CHAPTER – 12

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES

Exercise 12
Page No: 563

Question 1. Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate:

sin 16°

T IO S
(i)
cos 74°

I
sec 11°
(ii)
NO A D
CO N
cosec 79°
A
tan 27°
(iii)
cot 63°

PY
DO U A
cos 35°
(iv)
T
sin 55°
ED PR

cosec 42°
(v)
sec 48°
C

cot 38°
(vi)
©

tan 52°

Solution:
sin 16°
(i)
cos 74°
sin 16° sin 16° sin 16°
= = =1
cos 74° cos(90−16)° sin 16°

cos(90 − 𝜃 ) = sin 𝜃 (lies in 1st quadrant, angle is positive)

sec 11°
(ii)
cosec 79°
1
sec 11° cos
11°
= 1
cosec 79° 79°
sin

sin 79° sin 79° sin 79°

= = = =1
cos 11° cos(90−79)° sin 79°
 tan 27°
(iii)
cot 63°
tan 27° tan 27° tan 27°
= = =1
cot 63° cot(90−27)° tan 27°

cos 35°
(iv)
sin 55°
cos 35° cos 35° cos 35°
= = =1
sin 55° sin(90−35)° cos 35°

T IO S I
(v) NO A D
cosec 42°

CO N
sec 48°
A
1
cosec 42° 42°
sin
=

PY
1
DO U A
sec 48° 48°
cos
T
cos 48° cos 48°
ED PR

= = =1
sin(90−42)° cos 48°
C

cot 38°
©

(vi)
tan 52°
cot 38° cot 38° cot 38°
= = =1
tan 52° tan(90−38)° cot 38°

Question 2: Without using trigonometric tables, prove that:

(i) cos 81° − sin 9° = 0
(ii) tan 71° − cot 19° = 0
(iii) cosec 80° − sec 10° = 0
(iv) cosec2 72° − tan2 18° = 1
(v) cos2 75° + cos2 15° = 1
(vi) tan2 66° − cot2 24° = 0
(vii) sin2 48° + sin2 42° = 1
(viii) cos2 57° − sin2 33° = 0
(ix) (sin 65° + cos 25°) (sin 65° − cos 25°) = 0
Solution:
(i) LHS = cos81° – sin9°
= cos (90° – 9°) – sin9°

T IO S
= sin9° – sin9°

I
NO A D
CO N
=0
A
= RHS

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

(ii) LHS = tan71° – cot19°

= tan (90° – 19°) – cot19°
C

= cot19° – cot19°
©

=0
= RHS

(iii) LHS = cosec80° – sec10°

= cosec (90° – 10°) – sec (10°)
= sec10° – sec10°
=0
= RHS
(iv) cosec2 72° − tan2 18° = 1
LHS = cosec2 72° – tan2 18°
= cosec2 72° – tan2 (90 – 72) °
= cosec2 72° – cot2 72°
= 1 = RHS

(v) cos2 75° + cos2 15° = 1

T IO S I
LHS = cos2 75° + cos2 15°
NO A D
CO N
= cos2 75° + cos2 (90 – 75) °
A
= cos2 75° + sin2 75°

PY
DO U A

= 1= RHS
T
ED PR

(vi) tan2 66° − cot2 24° = 0

C

LHS = tan2 66° − cot2 24°

©

= tan2 66° – cot2 (90 – 66) °

= tan2 66° – tan2 66°
=0
= RHS

(vii) sin2 48° + sin2 42° = 1

LHS = sin2 48° + sin2 42°
= sin2 48° + sin2 (90 – 48) °
= sin2 48° + cos2 48°
 =1
= RHS

(viii) cos2 57° − sin2 33° = 0

LHS = cos2 57° − sin2 33°
= cos2 57° – sin2 (90 – 57) °
= cos2 57° – cos2 57°

T IO S I
=0
NO A D
CO N
=RHS
A

PY
DO U A
(ix) (sin 65° + cos 25°) (sin 65° − cos 25°) = 0
T
ED PR

LHS = (sin 65° + cos 25°) (sin 65° − cos 25°)

= sin2 65° – cos2 25°
C

= sin2 65° – cos2 (90 – 65) °

©

= sin2 65° – sin2 65°

=0
=RHS

Question 3. Without using trigonometric tables, prove that:

(i) sin 53° cos 37° + cos 53° sin37° = 1
(ii) cos 54° cos 36° − sin 54° sin36° = 0
(iii) sec 70° sin 20° + cos 20° cosec70° = 2
(iv) sin 35° sin 55° − cos 35° cos55° = 0
(v) (sin 72° + cos 18°) (sin 72° − cos18°) = 0
(vi) tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan67° = 1
Solution:
(i) LHS = sin53° cos37° + cos53° sin37°
= sin53° cos (90° – 53°) + cos53° sin (90° – 53°)
= sin53° x sin53° + cos53° × cos53°
= sin2 53° + cos2 53°

T IO S I
=1
NO A D
CO N
= RHS
A

PY
DO U A
(ii) LHS = cos54° cos36° − sin54° sin36°
T
ED PR

= cos54° cos36° − sin (90° -36°) sin (90° -54°)

= cos54° cos36° – cos36°cos54°
C

=0
©

=RHS

(iii) LHS = sec70° sin20° + cos20° cosec70°

= sec (90° – 20°) sin20° + cos20° cosec (90° – 20°)
= cosec 20° sin20° + cos20° sec 20°
= 1 +1
=2
=RHS
(iv) LHS = sin35° sin55° − cos35° cos55°
= sin (90° – 55°) sin (90° – 35°) − cos35° cos55°
= cos55° cos35° – cos35° cos55°
=0
=RHS

(v) LHS = (sin72° + cos18°) (sin72° − cos18°)

T IO S
= (sin2 72° – cos2 18°)

I
NO A D
CO N
= (sin2 72° – cos2 (90° – 72°))
A
= sin2 72° – sin2 72°

PY
DO U A
=0
T
ED PR

=RHS
C

(vi) LHS = tan48° tan23° tan42° tan67°

©

=tan48° tan23° tan (90° – 48°) tan (90° – 23°)

= tan48° tan23° cot48° cot23°
= 1×1
=1
=RHS

Question 4. Prove that:

sin 70° cosec 20°
(i) + − 2 cos 70° cosec 20° = 0
cos 20° sec 70°
 cos 80°
(ii) + cos 59° cosec 31° = 2
sin 10°
2 sin 68° 2 cot 15° 3 tan 45° tan 20° tan 40° tan 50° tan 70°
(iii) − − =1
cos 22° 5 tan 75° 5
sin 18°
(iv) + √3(tan 10° tan 30° tan 40° tan 50° tan 80°) = 2
cos 72°
7 cos 55° 4(cos 70° cosec 20°)
(v) − =1
3 sin 35° 3(tan 5° tan 25° tan 45° tan 65° tan 85°)

Solution:

T IO S I
sin 70° cosec 20°
(i)
NO A D + − 2 cos 70° cosec 20° = 0

CO N
cos 20° sec 70°
A
sin 70° cosec 20°
LHS = + − 2 cos 70° cosec 20°

PY
cos 20° sec 70°
DO U A
sin 70° cosec 20°
+ − 2 cos 70° cosec(90 − 70)°
=
T
cos(90−70)° sec 70°
ED PR

sin 70° sec 70°

= + − 2 cos 70° sec 70°
sin 70° sec 70°
C

=1+1−2
©

= 0 = RHS
Hence proved.

(ii)
cos 80°
LHS = + cos 59° cosec 31°
sin 10°
cos 80°
= + cos 59° cosec(90 − 59)°
sin(90−80)°
cos 80°
= + cos 59° sec 59°
cos 80°

=1+1
 = 2 = RHS
Hence proved.

(iii)
2 sin 68° 2 cot 15° 3 tan 45° tan 20° tan 40° tan 50° tan 70°
LHS = − −
cos 22° 5 tan 75° 5
2 sin 68° 2 cot 15° 3 tan 45° tan 20° tan 40° tan(90−50)° tan(90−20)°
= − −
cos(90−68)° 5 tan(90−15)° 5

T IO S
2 sin 68° 2 cot 15° 3 tan 45° tan 20° tan 40° cot 40° cot 20°

I
= − −
sin 68° 5 cot 15° 5
NO A D
CO N
2 3
=2−( )−
A
5 5

PY
= 1 = RHS
DO U A
T
Hence proved.
ED PR
C

(iv)
©

sin 18°
LHS = + √3(tan 10° tan 30° tan 40° tan 50° tan 80°)
cos 72°
sin(90−72)° 1
= + √3 (tan 10° × tan 40° tan(90 − 40)° tan(90 − 10)°)
cos 72° √3
cos 72°
= + tan 10° tan 40° cot 40° cot 40°
cos 72°

= 1 + (tan 10° cot 10°)(tan 40° cot 40°)

=1+1
= 2 = RHS
Hence proved.

(v)
LHS
7 cos 55° 4(cos 70° cosec 20°)
= −
3 sin 35° 3(tan 5° tan 25° tan 45° tan 65° tan 85°)
7 cos 55° 4(cos 70° cosec(90−70)°)
= −
3 sin(90−55)° 3(tan 5° tan 25° tan 45° tan(90−25)° tan(90−5°)
7 cos 55° 4(cos 70° sec 70°)
= −
3 cos 55° 3(tan 5° tan 25° ×1× cot 25° cot 5°)
7 cos 55° 4(cos 70° sec 70°)
= −
3 cos 55° 3(tan 5° cot 5° ×1× tan 25° cot 25°)

T IO S
7 4

I
=( )−( )
3 3
NO A D
CO N
3
=
A
3

PY
= 1 = RHS
DO U A
T
Hence proved.
ED PR
C

Question 5. Prove that:

©

(i) sin 𝜃 cos(90° − 𝜃 ) + sin(90° − 𝜃 ) cos 𝜃 = 1

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
(ii) + =2
cos(90°−𝜃) sin(90°−𝜃)
sin 𝜃 cos(90°−𝜃) cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin(90°−𝜃) sin 𝜃
(iii) + =1
sin(90°−𝜃) cos(90°−𝜃)
cos(90°−𝜃) sec(90°−𝜃) tan 𝜃 tan(90°−𝜃)
(iv) + =2
cosec(90°−𝜃) sin(90°−𝜃) cot(90°−𝜃) cot 𝜃
cos(90°−𝜃) 1+sin(90°−𝜃)
(v) + = 2 cosec 𝜃
1+sin(90°−𝜃) cos(90°−𝜃)

sec(90°−𝜃) cosec 𝜃−tan(90°−𝜃) cot 𝜃+cos2 25°+cos2 65° 2

(vi) =
3 tan 27° tan 63° 3

(vii) cot 𝜃 tan(90° − 𝜃 ) − sec(90° − 𝜃 ) cosec 𝜃 + √3 tan 12° tan 60°

tan 78° = 2
Solution:
(i)
LHS = sin θ cos (90° – θ) + sin (90° – θ) cos θ
= sin θ sin θ + cos θ cos θ
= sin2 θ + cos2 θ
=1

T IO S I
= R.H.S.
NO A D
CO N
Hence proved.
A

PY
DO U A
(ii)
T
ED PR

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
LHS = +
cos(90°−𝜃) sin(90°−𝜃)
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
C

= +
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
©

=1+1
= 2 = RHS
Hence proved.

(iii)
sin 𝜃 cos(90°−𝜃) cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin(90°−𝜃) sin 𝜃
LHS = +
sin(90°−𝜃) cos(90°−𝜃)
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
= +
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sin3 𝜃 cos 𝜃+cos3 𝜃 sin 𝜃
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃(cos2 𝜃+sin2 𝜃)
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃(1)
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

= 1 = RHS

(iv)
cos(90°−𝜃) sec(90°−𝜃) tan 𝜃 tan(90°−𝜃)
LHS = +

T IO S
cosec(90°−𝜃) sin(90°−𝜃) cot(90°−𝜃) cot 𝜃

I
(sin 𝜃 cosec 𝜃) tan 𝜃 cot 𝜃
NO A D
= (sec 𝜃 cos 𝜃) tan 𝜃
+
cot 𝜃

CO N
A
1×tan 𝜃
= +1
1×tan 𝜃

PY
DO U A
= (1 + 1) = 2 = RHS
T
ED PR

(v)
C

LHS
©

cos(90°−𝜃) 1+sin(90°−𝜃)
= +
1+sin(90°−𝜃) cos(90°−𝜃)

sin 𝜃 1+cos 𝜃 sin2 𝜃(1+cos 𝜃)2

= + =
1+cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃(1+cos 𝜃)

(sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃)+1+2 cos 𝜃

=
sin 𝜃(1+cos 𝜃)
1+1+2 cos 𝜃 2(1+cos 𝜃)
= =
sin 𝜃(1+cos 𝜃) sin 𝜃(1+cos 𝜃)
2
=
sin 𝜃

= 2 cosec 𝜃 = RHS.
Hence proved.
(vi)
sec(90°−𝜃) cosec 𝜃−tan(90°−𝜃) cot 𝜃+cos2 25°+cos2 65°
LHS =
3 tan 27° tan 63°
cosec 𝜃 cosec 𝜃−cot 𝜃 cot 𝜃+cos2 25°+cos2 (90−25)°
=
3 tan 27° tan(90−27)°

(cosec2 𝜃−cot2 𝜃)+cos2 25°+sin2 25°

=
3 tan 27° cot 27°

T IO S
(1+1)
= (3×1)

I
NO A D
2

CO N
= = RHS
3
A
Hence proved.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

(vii)
LHS = cot θ tan (90°– θ) – sec (90° – θ)cosec θ +√3tan 12°tan 60°tan 78°
C
©

= cot θ cot θ – cosec θ cosec θ +√3 tan 60° tan 12° tan 78°
= cot2 θ – cosec2 θ +√3 tan 60° tan 12° tan(90-12)°
= – (cosec2 θ – cot2 θ) +√3 tan 60° tan 12° cot 12°
= – 1 + √3 (√3 × 1)
=–1+3
=2
= R.H.S.
Hence proved.
Question 6: Prove that:
𝟏
(i) tan 5° tan25° tan30° tan65° tan85° =
√𝟑
𝟏
(ii) cot 12° cot38° cot52° cot60° cot78° =
√𝟑
𝟏
(iii) cos 15° cos35° cosec55° cos60° cosec75° =
𝟐

(iv) cos 1° cos2° cos3° … cos180° = 0

sin 49° cos 41°

T IO S
(v) ( )+( )=𝟐
cos 41° sin 49°

I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
A
(i)

PY
LHS. = tan 5° tan25° tan30° tan65° tan85°
DO U A
T 1
= tan 5° tan25° × × tan (90° – 25°) tan (90° – 85°)
ED PR

√3
1
= tan 5° tan25° × × cot 25° cot 5°
√3
C

1
©

= (tan 5° cot 5°) (tan 25° cot 25°) ×

√3
1
=1×
√3
1
=
√3

= RHS.

(ii)
LHS. = cot 12° cot38° cot52° cot60° cot78°
1
= cot 12° cot38° cot (90° - 38°) × × cot (90° – 12°)
√3
 1
= cot 12° cot38° tan 38° × × tan 12°
√3
1
= (cot 12° tan 12°) (cot38° tan 38°) ×
√3
1
=1×
√3
1
=
√3

= RHS.

T IO S I
(iii)
NO A D
CO N
A
LHS. = cos 15° cos35° cosec55° cos60° cosec75°

PY
1
= cos 15° cos35° cosec (90° – 35°) × cosec(90° – 15°)
DO U A
2
T
1
ED PR

= cos 15° cos35° sec 35° × sec 15°

2
1 1 1
= cos 15° cos35° × ×
C

cos 35° 2 cos 15°

©

1
=
2

= RHS.

(iv) LHS. = cos 1° cos 2° cos 3° … cos 180°

= cos 1° cos 2° cos 3° … cos 90° … cos 180°
= cos 1° cos 2° cos 3° … × 0 × … cos 180°
=0
= RHS.
 sin 49° 2 cos 41° 2
(v) LHS. = ( ) +( )
cos 41° sin 49°

sin(90°−41°) 2 cos(90°−49°) 2
=( ) +( )
cos 41° sin 49°

cos 41° 2 sin 49° 2

=( ) +( )
cos 41° sin 49°

= 12 + 12
=1+1

T IO S
=2

I
NO A D
= RHS.

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Question 7: Prove that
T
(i) sin (70° + θ) − cos (20° − θ) = 0
ED PR

(ii) tan (55° − θ) − cot (35° + θ) = 0

C

(iii) cosec (67° + θ) − sec (23° − θ) = 0

©

(iv) cosec (65 °+ θ) sec (25° − θ) − tan (55° − θ) + cot (35° + θ) = 0

(v) sin (50° + θ) − cos (40° − θ) + tan 1° tan 10° tan 80° tan 89° = 1.
Solution:
L.H.S.
= sin (70°+θ) — cos (20° — θ)
= sin (70°+θ) — cos [90°-(70° + θ)]
= sin (70°+θ) — sin (70° + θ)
=0
= R.H.S.
Hence Proved.
(ii)
L.H.S.
= tan (55° — θ) — cot (35° + θ)
= tan (90°-(35° +θ)) — cot (35° + θ)
= cot (35° + θ) – cot (35° + θ)
=0
=RHS

T IO S I
Hence Proved.
NO A D
CO N
(iii)
A
L.H.S. –

PY
DO U A
= cosec (67° + θ) – sec (23° – θ)
T
ED PR

= cosec (67° + θ) – sec (90° – (23° + θ))

= cosec (67° + θ) – cosec (67° + θ)
C

=0
©

=RHS
Hence Proved.
(iv)
L.H.S.
= cosec (65° + θ) – sec (25° – θ) – tan (55° – θ) + cot (35° + θ)
= cosec (65° + θ) – sec (90° – (65° + θ)) – tan (90° – (35° + θ)) + cot (35°
+ θ)
= cosec (65° + θ) – cosec (65° + θ)) – cot (35° + θ) + cot (35° + θ)
=0
= R.H.S.
(v)
L.H.S.
= sin (50° +θ) – cos (40° – θ) + tan 1° tan 10° tan 80° tan 89°
= sin ((90°-(40° – θ)) – cos (40° – θ) + (tan 1° tan 89°) (tan10° tan 80°)
= cos (40° – θ) – cos (40° – θ) + {tan 1° tan (90°–1°)} {tan10° tan (90°-
10°)}

T IO S
= 0 + {(tan 1° cot 1°} {tan10° cot 10°}

I
=0+1=1 NO A D
CO N
A
= R.H.S.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 8. Express each of the following in terms of trigonometric

ratios of angles lying between 0° and 45°.
C

(i) sin 67° + cos 75°

©

(ii) cot 65° + tan 49°

(iii) sec78° + cosec 56°
(iv) cosec 54° + sin 72°
Solution:
(i) sin 67° + cos 75°
= sin (90° – 23°) + cos (90° – 15°)
= cos 23° + sin 15°

(ii) cot 65° + tan 49°

= cot (90° – 25°) + tan (90° – 41°)
= tan 25° + cot 41°

(iii) sec 78° + cosec 56°

= sec (90° – 12°) + cosec (90° – 34°)
= cosec 12° + sec 34°
(iv) cosec 54° + sin 72°
= cosec (90° – 36°) + sin (90° – 18°)

T IO S I
= sec 36° + cos 18°
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 9. If A, B and C are the angles of a ∆ABC, prove that

PY
DO U A
(C + A) B
tan = cot .
T
2 2
ED PR

Solution:
(C + A) B
C

Given function is: tan = cot

2 2
©

Sum of all the angles of a triangle = 180 degree

So, A + B + C = 180o
Or A + C = 180o – B
A+C (180° – B) B
And, = = 90°–
2 2 2
(A + C) B B
Now, tan = tan (90° – ) = cot
2 2 2

Hence Proved.

Question 10. If cos 2θ = sin 4θ, where 2θ and 4θ are acute angles, then
find the value of θ.
Solution:
cos 2θ = sin 4θ … (1)
We know that,
sin (90° – θ) = cos θ
So, equation (1) can be written as
sin (90° – 2θ) = sin 4θ
On comparing both sides

T IO S
90° – 2θ = 4θ

I
NO A D
CO N
90° = 4θ + 2θ
A
6θ = 90°

PY
DO U A
or θ = 15°
T
ED PR

The value of θ is 15°

C

Question 11: If sec 2A = cosec (A − 42°), where 2A is an acute angle,

©

then find the value of A.

Solution: Given: sec 2A = cosec (A − 42°)
cosec (90° − 2A) = cosec (A − 42°)
90° − 2A = A − 42°
3A = 132
A = 44°
The value of angle A is 44 degrees.

Question 12: If sin 3 A = cos (A − 26°), where 3 A is an acute angle,

find the value of A.
Solution:
sin 3 A = cos (A − 26°) (given)
or cos (90° – 3A) = cos (A – 26°)
On comparing
90° – 3A = A – 26°
A + 3A = 90° + 26°
4A = 116° = 29°

T IO S I
The value of A is 29°.
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 13: If tan 2 A = cot (A − 12°), where 2 A is an acute angle,

PY
DO U A
find the value of A.
T
ED PR

Solution:
tan 2A = cot (A – 12°)
C

or cot (90° – 2A) = cot (A – 12°)

©

On comparing
90° – 2A = A – 12 °
A + 2A = 90° + 12°
3A = 102°
A = 34°
The value of A is 34°

Question 14: If sec 4 A = cosec (A − 15°), where 4 A is an acute angle,

find the value of A.
Solution: sec 4A = cosec (A – 15°)
or cosec (90° – 4A) = cosec (A – 15°)
On comparing
90° – 4A = A – 15°
A + 4A = 90° + 15°
5A = 105°
A = 21°
The value of A is 21°.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
Question 15: Prove that: 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝟓𝟖° − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟓𝟖° 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝟐° −
A
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

PY
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏𝟑° 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝟕° 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒𝟓° 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟓𝟑° 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟕𝟕° = −𝟏
DO U A
T
Solution:
ED PR

2 2
= cosec 2 58° − cot 58 ° tan 32 °
3 3
C

5
– tan 13° tan 37° tan 45° tan 53° tan 77°
©

3
2 2
= cosec 2 58° − cot 58 ° tan(90 − 58) °
3 3
5
− tan 45° (tan 13° tan 77°)(tan 37° tan 53°)
3
2 2 5
= cosec 2 58° − cot 58 ° cot 58 ° – × 1 ×
3 3 3

(tan 13° tan (90 − 13)°) × (tan 37° tan (90 − 37)°)
2 2 5
= cosec 2 58° − cot 2 58° – × (tan 13° cot 13°)(tan 37° cot 37°)
3 3 3
2 5
= [cosec 2 58° − cot 2 58°]–
3 3
2 5
= ( )– ( )
3 3
 = -1
= R.H.S.

©
ED PR
DO U A
C
NO A D A
T
T IO S I
CO N
PY