ENV 609: Integrated Natural resource management
(Chapter 1 & 2)
Threshold concept in Natural Resource management
Natural resource management
Self sustaining Adaptive management Case by case High reliability
management management
e.g. Wilderness e.g. Protected
area e.g. Zone of e.g. Urban
areas
conflict ecosystem
Ecosystem populated by humans
Extraction of resource
Resource usage (sources of resources and resource usage repetition)
Ecosystem health and organization complexity
Threshold concept in Natural Resource management
Natural resource management
Self sustaining Adaptive management Case by case High reliability
management management
e.g. Wilderness e.g. Protected
area e.g. Zone of e.g. Urban
areas
conflict ecosystem
Ecosystem populated by humans
Extraction of resource
Resource usage (sources of resources and resource usage repetition)
Ecosystem health and organization complexity
Project Category based on Environmental footprint Categories (project)
Green Orange A Orange B Red
Impacts localized Impacts localized but Widespread and Persistent reduction
or short term irreversible persistent in ecosystem
effects on habitat loss or function on a
changes in
habitat, species or widespread, long term
habitat, species landscape scale or
environmental effects on
or environmental significant disruption
media. habitat, species or
environmental media of a sensitive
media species.
Project Category based on Environmental footprint Categories (project)
Green Orange A Orange B Red
Impacts localized Impacts localized but Widespread and Persistent reduction
or short term irreversible persistent in ecosystem
effects on habitat loss or function on a
changes in
habitat, species or widespread, long term
habitat, species landscape scale or
environmental effects on
or environmental significant disruption
media. habitat, species or
environmental media of a sensitive
media species.
Impacts
Nature of impacts Extent and Location Duration of impacts Intensity of impacts
of impacts
Project Category based on Environmental footprint Categories (project)
Green Orange A Orange B Red
Impacts localized Impacts localized but Widespread and Persistent reduction
or short term irreversible persistent in ecosystem
effects on habitat loss or function on a
changes in
habitat, species or widespread, long term
habitat, species landscape scale or
environmental effects on
or environmental significant disruption
media. habitat, species or
environmental media of a sensitive
media species.
Impacts
Nature of impacts Extent and Location Duration of impacts Intensity of impacts
1. Direct of impacts 1. Short term 1. Significant
2. Indirect 1. Local 2. Medium term 2. Low
3. Induced 2. Regional 3. Long term 3. Medium
3. National 4. Permanent 4. High
4. Transboundary (Mitigation possible) 5. Very high
5. Permanent
(Mitigation not possible)
Steps of Environmental Impact assessment
Nature of Impacts
Type of
Definition Example
Impact
Discharge of untreated wastewater from
Impacts generated directly from the
construction camps into a nearby water
Direct project activities and its associated
body may lead to a decline in water
facilities.
quality.
Impacts of air emissions such as CO2 on
Impacts generated from secondary climate change, NOX may lead to acid
Indirect sources which are induced by the rains, VOC may lead to low-level
project activities. atmospheric ozone when combined with
NOX in the presence of sunlight.
Impacts generated due to the
An influx of workers resulting from the
Induced effect/consequence/outcome of the
importation of a large project workforce.
Project but are not part of the Project.
Steps of Environmental Impact assessment
Extent and Location of Impacts
Extent Description
Project Site Impacts’ area only at or within the project site/project boundary.
Impacts’ area is not only limited to the site, but also its immediate
Local
surrounding areas/receptors.
Impacts’ area extends to the immediate surrounding areas along
Regional
with adjacent areas.
National Impacts’ area considered at a national level.
Impact considered not only within the national level but also
Trans-Boundary within the neighboring country. Impact considered at a global
level.
Steps of Environmental Impact assessment
Duration of Impacts
Duration Description
Impact duration is a very limited time or length of
Short Term
construction/decommissioning period.
Impact duration will continue after the construction period but
Medium Term
stop within a tenure of 10 years.
Impact duration will continue for more than 10 years or the entire
Long Term
operational life of the project.
Impact will remain after the operational life of a project but
Permanent – Mitigated
appropriate mitigation measures reduce the impact.
Impact will remain after the operational life of the project. No
Permanent – No Mitigation
mitigation measures will reduce the impact after implementation.
Steps of Environmental Impact assessment
Intensity of Impacts
Intensity Description
Changes due to potential/possible impact are minor, not visible/noticeable,
Insignificant
natural functioning of the environment not affected.
Natural functioning of the environment is minimally affected. Natural,
Low cultural, and social functions and processes can be reversed to their
original state if mitigation measure is taken.
Environment remarkably distorted/disturbed/impacted, still functions, if in a
Medium
modified way. Negative impacts cannot be fully reversed.
Cultural and social functions and processes distorted/disturbed/impacted.
High Potentially ceasing to Environmental function temporarily. Negative impacts
cannot be fully reversed.
Natural, cultural, and social functions and processes permanently cease,
Very High and valued, important, sensitive, or vulnerable systems or communities are
substantially affected. Negative impacts cannot be reversed.
Steps of Environmental Impact assessment
Proposal Identification
Screening
Initial
Generalized EIA Process Flowchart
EIA required NO EIA required
Environmental
estimation
Scoping Public Involvement
Impact Analysis
Public involvement typically
Monitoring and Impact Management occurs at these points but it
may also occur at any other
EIA report
Resubmit Public Involvement
Review
Redesign Decision making
NOT Approved Approved Implementation and Follow up
Project Category based on Environmental footprint Categories (project)
Green Orange A Orange B Red
Impacts localized Impacts localized but Widespread and Persistent reduction
or short term irreversible persistent in ecosystem
effects on habitat loss or function on a
changes in
habitat, species or widespread, long term
habitat, species landscape scale or
environmental effects on
or environmental significant disruption
media. habitat, species or
environmental media of a sensitive
media species.
Environmental Require IEE Require IEE Approval TOR
Clearance
Environmental Require Additional Preparation of EIA
Clearance Approval
Public Opinion
Environmental
Clearance Evaluation of EIA
Approval of EIA
Application of Environmental clearance
Environmental clearance
Planning
Planning is a structured process which leads to development of an organized
approach to reaching an organization's goals
Levels of Planning
1. Activity plans – A set of
Activities to achieve a
certain goal.
2. Implementation Plan –
Small sub division of a big
project
3. Strategic Plans – Bigger
picture
Planning/Management cycle
Planning
Planning is a structured process which
leads to development of an organized
approach to reaching an organization's
goals
Levels of Planning
1. Strategic Plans – Bigger picture
2. Implementation Plan – Small sub
division of a big project
3. Activity plans – A set of Activities to
achieve a certain goal.
Planning
Planning is a structured process which leads to development of an organized
approach to reaching an organization's goals
Levels of Planning
1. Activity plans – A set of
Activities to achieve a
certain goal.
2. Implementation Plan –
Small sub division of a big
project
3. Strategic Plans – Bigger
picture
Management cycle
Management cycle is made up of four basic, interconnected phases
Elemen ts for successful S tartin g poin t
IRM implemen tation
Resource map
Stakeholder identification
Understanding of norms
and values
Conflict resolution
strategy
Accommodate risk
assessment in planning
and take proper
precaution
Management cycle
Management cycle is made up of four basic, interconnected phases
Elemen ts for successful
IRM implemen tation Good to have……..
Resource map
Stakeholder identification Adequate funding
Understanding of norms Access to marginal and
and values technical resources
Conflict resolution Adequate support system
strategy Clear specification of
Accommodate risk desired outcome of IRM
assessment in planning
and take proper
precaution
A few challenges of INRM programs
INRM is multifaceted.
The impact assessment for INRM research
concerns a number of ecosystem services that
are distinct at each spatial scale and depend on
the spatial pattern of adoption.
Longer time periods are required to assess
sustainability, despite the increased likelihood of
major socioeconomic or biophysical shifts taking
place.
Impact assessment must consider long-term
change and analyze shorter-term successes
and/or failures.
A few challenges of INRM programs
NRM involves many stakeholders, leading to
conflicting objectives and interests. Identifying and
assessing trade-offs among stakeholders is a central
concern.
Communication differences among stakeholder
groups can hinder dialogue, learning, and
cooperation.
Both private and public incentives need to be
understood and addressed in INRM. Optimal
decisions require analysis of trade-offs and a forum
for negotiation and collective action.
Different assessment needs may require parallel
impact assessment processes conducted by external
and local groups.