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Class 12 Matrices Formula Sheet

This document provides a comprehensive overview of matrices for Class 12, including definitions, types, operations, properties, and important theorems. Key concepts such as matrix addition, multiplication, identity, inverse, and determinants are covered, along with methods for solving equations and tricks for calculations. It serves as a concise reference for understanding and applying matrix theory in mathematics.

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ashishkumarbhr2003
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110 views2 pages

Class 12 Matrices Formula Sheet

This document provides a comprehensive overview of matrices for Class 12, including definitions, types, operations, properties, and important theorems. Key concepts such as matrix addition, multiplication, identity, inverse, and determinants are covered, along with methods for solving equations and tricks for calculations. It serves as a concise reference for understanding and applying matrix theory in mathematics.

Uploaded by

ashishkumarbhr2003
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Matrices - Class 12 (Formulas, Theorems & Tricks)

1. Basic Definitions

Matrix: Rectangular array of numbers.

Order: m × n (m rows, n columns).

2. Types of Matrices

Row Matrix: Only 1 row

Column Matrix: Only 1 column

Zero Matrix: All elements are 0

Diagonal Matrix: Non-diagonal elements are 0

Scalar Matrix: Diagonal matrix with equal diagonal elements

Identity Matrix (I): Diagonal = 1, others = 0

Symmetric Matrix: A = A^T

Skew-symmetric: A = -A^T

3. Matrix Operations

Addition/Subtraction: Same order only

Scalar Multiplication: Multiply each element by scalar

Matrix Multiplication: (AB) = sum of row × column

Transpose: Flip matrix across diagonal

4. Properties of Operations

(A + B)^T = A^T + B^T

(AB)^T = B^T · A^T

AB != BA in general

5. Identity and Inverse

Identity Matrix I: AI = IA = A

Inverse: A^-1 such that AA^-1 = I (if A is non-singular)


Matrices - Class 12 (Formulas, Theorems & Tricks)

6. Determinant and Inverse (2×2)

If A = [[a, b], [c, d]], then:

A^-1 = (1 / (ad - bc)) × [[d, -b], [-c, a]]

7. Adjoint Method (3×3)

A^-1 = (1/|A|) × adj(A)

adj(A) = transpose of cofactor matrix

8. Row/Column Operations

Used to find inverse using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

9. Matrix Method for Solving Equations

For AX = B, if A is invertible:

X = A^-1 · B

10. Important Theorems

(AB)^T = B^T · A^T

(A^T)^-1 = (A^-1)^T

Symmetric: A = A^T

Skew-symmetric: A = -A^T

11. Tricks

Product of diagonal matrix = product of diagonal elements

Inverse of 2×2: swap diagonal, change sign of off-diagonal

Singular matrix: det(A) = 0

Matrix multiplication: Row × Column

A·I=A

Use row-reduction for fast inverse

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