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Human Anatomy Exam Paper 2023-29

The document outlines examination details for students of Symbiosis Medical College for Women, including instructions for answering questions in Human Anatomy and Physiology courses. It specifies the structure of the question paper, marking schemes, and topics to be covered. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of adhering to examination protocols to avoid unfair means.

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anavy.mishra24
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
22 views12 pages

Human Anatomy Exam Paper 2023-29

The document outlines examination details for students of Symbiosis Medical College for Women, including instructions for answering questions in Human Anatomy and Physiology courses. It specifies the structure of the question paper, marking schemes, and topics to be covered. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of adhering to examination protocols to avoid unfair means.

Uploaded by

anavy.mishra24
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

S\'i\1B10S1S INTERNATION1-\L (DEEl\lED lJNl\'EllSll' Y)

( E s t ~ under Sec:tion 3 of the UGC Ad. 195t! )


R ~ t e d by NMC •·ith 'A♦♦• Grtlde 1'--rded [Link]--~-?....-...1__.by;.,;V....
O....,C,.,_.-,--,.--,---,.-, .,

I seat No.f 5 lj (,_ I, f,. I~ I


Institute: (0413)SYAIBIOSIS MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, PUNE

Programme: (041321) BACHELOR OF MEDICtNE ANO BACHELOR OF SURGERY

Batch: 2023-29
Phase: I
Course: Human Anatomy Paper I
Course Code: 0413210101

Date: 09,'08/202.$ Maximum Marks: 100

Day: Friday Time: 10:00 -13:00

NOTE : DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON THE QUESTION PAPER

Instructions: • •·• • ••• ••


l) Use blue/black ballpoint pen only.
2) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If \\Titten anything, such type
of act \\ill be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
3) All questions are compulsory.
4) The number to the right indicatet full marks.
5) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.
6) Distribution of syllabus in Question Paper is only meant to cover entire syllabus within the . t

stipulated frame.
7) The Question paper P.1ttcm is a mere guideline. Questions can be asked from any paper's
..-_...:.::==-~_:11abus into :my questiott'"paper; Students cannot claim that the Question is out ofsyffnhus. As I
it is only for the placement sake, the distribution has been done.
8) Use separate answer books for Section B and C . (~
I Section "B" (40 marks) ~}
Q. 2 Short answer questions (Any six out of seven) (6 x 5 Marks= 30)
~ ?lassify the fibrous joints with an example of each. 3
~ - An 18-year-old student was doing part-time work delivering pizzas on· his
• motorcycle. His boss insisted on quick delivery, so the student tended to weave in
and out of traffic whenever there was a holdup. On one occasion, he misjudged the.
gap between two vehicles, and a car bumper violently struck the outer surface of
his left knee. Examination in the emergency department showed he had extensive
paralysis of the muscles of the anterior and lateral compartments of the left leg. As
a result, the patient was unable to dorsiflex the ankle joint and evert the foot In
addition, he had diminished sensation down the anterior and lateral sides of the
leg and tops of the foot and toes, including the medial side of the big toe. A series
of radiographs of the knee region showed no evidence of bone fractures.
i) Why patient was unable to dorsiflex and evert the foot?
ii) Name the muscles supplied by involved nerve in this case? J
iii)Name the foot deformity in this case? (1 +3+ 1 marks)
~ a w well labelJed diagrams depicting microanatomy of serous salivary gland and
mucous salivary gland '?
Page 1 of02
4cad aver as first teache r I
maxim us muscle
e)/De scribe the attach ments , nerve supply and action s of gluteu s
_jf Super ior media stinum r
) .~
/ Write in detail about micros copic struct ure of Supra renal Gland

Q.3 Long Answ er Quest ions (Any one out of two) (1 x 10 Mark s= 10)
( 4+4+2)
a) Descri be Right atrium under following headin gs:
i. Intern al featur es of Right atrium & openin gs in right atrium
ii. Devel opmen t of Right atrium
iii. Applie d anato my
yesc ribe the hip joint under the following headin gs:
/Ty pe (1)
X, Articu lar surfac es and ligame nts (3)
/4 Relations (diagr am only) (2)
.A Move ments and muscl es produ cing tllPm ( 4)

Section "C" (40 marks )

~ S~rt answ er quest ions (Any six out of seven ) (6 x 5 Mark s= 30)
j y Descr ibe the suppo rts of uterus
(3+2)
I ~esc ribe the develo pment of kidney and its anoma lies
the blood vessel s involv ed
I

~ u l a t e the sites of porto- system ic anasto moses specif ying


I KOe scrib e micro scopic struct ure of Pancre as

l
,•.
tf
/
e) ,_,Yerineal pouch es
~ Devel opmen t of inferio r vena cava
Rectus sheath

s= 10)
[Link] Answ er Quest ions (Any one out of two) (1 x 10 Mark
gs: ( 4 +4 +2 )
a)/ Describe stoma ch under the following headin
✓ / Gross featur es
~ Blood supply
..ii( Applied anatom y
(5+3+ 2)
b) Describe anatom y of urinar y bladde r under the following headin gs:
i. Gross featur es includ ing Interio r
ii. Nerve supply
iii. Applied anatom y

[Link] 2 of 02
i;,..,,...,,_,-1a-ua1.:r.:s:---~~="""-'·--,.....-~......... . . . , . . • • ~ ~ - ~ - : . -..1-..i..--.m--

• SYMBIOSIS IN~~~,~-~!.!.?.~~~'"~?.~.~-~~D UNIVERSITY)


- . Re-accredited by NAAC with 'A++' Grade I Awarded Category -1 by UGC
r"-[se...._at__._No-y-.15-.-lq_l_l-...--16--l,_--.-1o--,1
Institute: (0413)SYMBIOSIS MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, PUNE

Programme: (041321) BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF SURGERY

Batch: 2023-29
Phase: I
Course: Human Anatomy Paper II
Course Code: 0413210101

Date: 10/08/2024 Maximum Marks: 100

Day: Saturday Time: 10:00 -13:00

NOTE : DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON THE QUESTION PAPER

Instructions:
1) Use blue/black ballpoint pen only.
2) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type
of act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means. ·-"-- ,
3) All questions are compulsory. • _;
4) The number to the right indicates full marks. ,"-.. ,, ·--.. .,
5) Draw diagrams wherever necessary. '· __
6) Distribution of syllabus in Question Paper is only meant to cover entire syllabus within the
stipulated frame. • •',,.~
1) Tb • deline. Questions can be asked from any paper's '\..
_ Is cannot claim that the Question is out of syllabus. As ', "
it is only for the placement sake, the distribution has been done.
8) Use separate answer books for Section B and C ~

Section "B" (40 marks) \ : /


, '

Q. 2 Short answer questions (Any six out of seven) (61 X s Marks= 30)
. /Histology of pituitary gland P~
b) _}permatogenesis
ff Anastomosis around elbow joint ; •~
d} Aneonate was brought to th~ pediatric OPD with deformity of ~e right upper limb. , ._ >·
/ Mother gave history suggestive of prolonged and obstructed labor. On examination, -, -,
diagnosis ofErb's palsy was made. -~ ··-
L What is Erb's palsy? 1 _ (1) -,
,%.' Which is Erb's -point? 1 ' (1)
y
List the muscles responsible for each component of that deformity. (3)
~raw & label T.S. of mid brain at superior colllculus '?, .
$ Development of Neu~al crest cells and their derivatives 0
r11 /f>evelopment of tongue with congenital anomalies
.,::y - 3

Pagel of02
.'
j

•..
~

j Y a)
Long Answer Q~esti ons (Any one out of two) ( tx 1 O Marks =
1O)
Describe the Poster ior triangle of neck under the following headings:
i. Boundaries ( 4)
ii. Subdivisions & conten ts ( 4)
iii. Applied anatom y (2)
~esc ribe the Shoul der joint under the following headings:
y
Type and Articular surfaces (2)
y.
Relations 7; (2)
~ Movements and muscles produ cing them
(3)
V
Clinical anatom y (3)

Section "C'; {40 marks) ~~


Q. 4 S)ort answer questions (Any six out of seven) (6 x 5 [Link] = 30)
$ .Jmsa cervicalis (}J
J>(' Boundaries &contents of middle ear 9 '
y yawn 's Syndrome ~
~ A 20 year old boy was broug ht to hospital with a head injury. Next day he
developed
blac}sish discolour aro~nd his Right eye or black eye.
cif,.Explain the anatomical basis of this condition (1) 1b
~ Name the layers of scalp (4)
~Lateral wall-of nose: -conchae and meatuses :;i,, S
y f) Auditory tube
Enumerate derivatives of pharyngeal pouchr. s
Q.5 J,d'ngAnswer Questions (Any one out of two) (1 x 10Marks = 10).
~ A 60 year old lady came with a midline swelling in the
neck. On examination, the
swelling was moving with d~glutition. On this clinical basis, answe r the
following
questions:
i./flam e the struct ure involved
¥Des cribe its gross anatomy
(1)
(2)
1
!il/Y, rite its relatio ns • (4)
Y, Describe its microscopic structure (3)
b) Describe supero lateral surface o( cerebrum under the following headin
gs:
i. Suki & Gyri (4)
ii. Functional areas (3)
iii. Applied anatom y (3)

Page 2 of02

I
SYMBIOSIS [Link] (DEEMED UNIVERSITY)
(Eatab-:lshed under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
Re-accredited by NAAC with 'A++' Grade I Awarded Category- I by UGC
~I 9--\2--\,-,l-........,-0\
Se"-atN-,o.(~~-,

Institute: (Q413)SYMBIOSIS MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, PUNE

Programme: (041321) BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF SURGERY

Batch: 2023-29
Phase:
Course: Physiology Paper I I

Course Code: 0413210102

Date: 12/08/2024 Hl©~ Maximum Marks: 100 ~-

Day: Monday
t, l-1;-vv)t Time: 10:00 • 13:00
Ff,Ji~J rwv✓t
NOTE: DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON THE QUESTION PAPER
,I
Instructions:
1) Use blue/black ballpoint pen only.
2) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type
of a~t will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
3) All questions are compulsory.
4) The number to the right indicates full marks.
5) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.
6) Distribution of syllabus in Question Paper is only meant to cover entire syJJabus within the
1
stipulated frame. ' -
1) ~~ • • ............- ..e guideline. Questions can be asked from any paper's.''~-:
.~--·· •~ ~--"-syitaous mo n que ton paper. Students cannot claim that the Question is out of syllabus. A~
it is only for the placement sake, the distribution has been done.
8) Use separate answer books for Section B and C

Section "B" (40 marks) A

Q. 2 JKort answer questions (Any six out of seven) (6 x 5 Marks= 30)


.;tJ
Enumerate short term Blood Pressure regulatory mechanism. Explain Baro receptor
reflex in detail.
~er:~ & classify shock. What is the physiological basis of management of hY,Po~:lemic

~ l a i n ionic basis of spike potential with well-labeled diagram. ~


f hnumerate & Describe professional qualities & roles of physician in patient care.
e) Write intrinsic pathway of blood clotting with its applied aspect.
n ./hescribe the events of the left ventric~lar systole wj;th_ pressure & volume changes in
;y ;, tail. w/.N brvNjj(li., ~

A 60 year old man is admitted to the hospital'With the complaints of weakness, fatigue
d dizziness. The doctor diagnosed the condition as Hypokalemia and he is started on
supplemental potassium, with improvement in symptoms.
1) What is the normal K• distribution between ICF &ECF? (1)
2) Mention the factors that alter the distribution of K• in ECF & ICF. (2)
3) Why the person is showing the muscle weakness? (2)
Page 1 of02
-- -- -- -- - - -
A' T' ,..-
SY M BI O SI S IN TE RN ·v ER Sl TY )
1 JN
IV ER SI TY )
__ . r , , n

, 1

' rk s= 10 }
sw er Qu es tio ns (A ny one out of tw o} (1 x 10 Ma
~ ~ n g An (3)
cla ssi fy dif fer ent typ es of im mu nit y.
J .~- De fin e an d (4)
Na me the an tib od ies & giv e the ir £unctions.
.~~- (3)
111 W ha t is ac qu ire d im mu ne deficiency sy
ndrome?

(3)
tpu t, St r~ ol um e, ~a rd ia c index.
/ . ' . · D~fine C ~ Ou ( 4J
s reg ula tin g ca rdi ac ou tp ut
uv .b1 sc us s factor rdiac ou 9> 9t (3)
on Fic k's me thod of me asu rem en t of ca
_3Y'A dd a no te ,...,,., r/J.j;. 1.,,\,\J / '/ r
·
Section "C" (40 marks)
ny six ou t of se ve n) r (6 x 5 Marks= 30 )
Q. 4 Short an sw er qu es tio ns (A ~m lab or an d
ma n pre sen ted to the ho sp ita l in pr ete
After th e
f A 24 -ye ar -ol d p~eg na nt wo
pr em atu re inf an t at on ly 27 we ek s ge sta tio n.
ygen
su bs eq ue ntl y de liv ere d a bs eq ue ntl y sh ow ed sig ns of hypoxia de sp ite ox
bu t it su e an d giv en
delivery, the inf an t cried, dia tel y wa s int ub ate d by en do tra ch ea l tub
ba by im me wa s
supJ?lementation. The
ch ea J tub e. Th e ba by 's hy po xia res olv ed , an d he
tra
su rfa cta nt do wn the endo siv e ca re un it for fu rth er sta bil iza tio
n.
ne on ata l int en (3 )
tra ns fer red to the in the lun g?
su rfa cta nt (1 )
i) W ha t is the rol e of y res ist an ce?
e of air wa y res ist an ce ? (1 )
ii) Where is the ma jor sit ras ym pa thetic sy ste m aff ec t air wa
lat ion of the pa
.,/'1ii) How does sti mu os ph ere .
~ ye sc rib e tra ns po
rt of CO2 from tissues to atm tiz ati on . (1 +4 )
on ? Ex pla in the ch an ge s oc cu rri ng du rin g ac cli ma
sY What is acclimatizati (2 +3 )
ctions of Pa nc rea tic jui ce ?
~ What is the composition & fun pty ing . •
e & dis cu ss the factors regulating ga str ic em
eJ ?u m er at
ine. Ad d a no te on de fec ati
on reflex.
of lar ge int est
y ?x pla in the mo ve me
d
nts
dia gra m of EC ? in Lead II. Wr ite in sh or t th
e ca us es, no rm al
~ r a w a well- lab ele
h wa ve in ECG.
du rat ion an d voltage of eac
= 10 )
sw er Qu es tio ns (A ny on e out of two) (1 x 10Marks
Q.5 Long An (2)
an d lab el res pir ato ry me mbrane.
a //D ra w (3)
fac tor s aff ec tin g dif fusion of gases ac ro ss it.
ii /fa pl ai n (SJ
V /P rat io. W h .~ r-/JJl'J./ :
✓ ,Add a no te on
(6)
in the co un ter -cu rre nt multiplier me ch an ism . I
i. Expla (1)
b)
•• W ha t is its pu
11.
••• Ad d a no te on
111.
rp
Di
os e?
ab ete s Ins ipi du s.
(3)
I
f

Page 2 of 02
_ _ _ _ ..,________ _______, ___________
SYMBIO SIS INTERN ATIONA L (DEEME D UNIVERSIT_Y)
• (Established under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
Re-accredited by NAAC with 'A++' Grade I Awarded Category - I by UGC
_ ,,.__lse-atN--.o.,---
0 -, q--,.2---,-.-,,-,_,___,,0I
Institute: (<'413) SYMBIOSIS MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, PUNE.

Programme: (041321) BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF SURGERY

Batch: 2023-29
Phase: I
Course: Physiology Paper II
Course Code: 0413210102

Date: 13/08/2024 MC,.~ J. , Maximum Marks: 100

Day: Tuesday • ~~ F''[Link] Time: 10:00 -13:00


rv:or;J,1;,~. D t,&.-+i •
NOTE: DO NOT WRITE AN't-THING ON THE QUESTION PAPER

Instructions:
1) Use blue/black ballpoint pen only. ...
2) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type
of act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means. '
3) All questions are compulsory. ..,
4) The number to the right indicates full marks. . "',
5) Draw diagrams wherever necessary. ',,
..
6) Distribution of syllabus in Question Paper is only meant to cover entire syJJabus within the_ ..•
stipulated frame.
._. __ . ,J) ~rtie.~ ~~p~-~ m is a_ ~ere guideline. QuesJions can be asked from any pap~r's
syllabus into any question paper. Students cannot claim that the Question is out of syllabus. As
it is only for the placement sake, the distribution has been done.
8) Use separate answer books for Section B and C

Section "B" (40 marks)


; .
Q. 2 Short answer questions (Any six out of seven) (6 x 5 Marks= 30)
,/A 45-year-old female came to the OPD with complaints of weight gain, hirsutism, and
-:i

7 ;menorrhea. On clinical examination, the doctor noticed purple striae on her abdomen.
Her blood pressure was 150/90 mm Hg.
Atate the hormonal abnormality and causes of this condition
jVMention the causes of any two symptoms/signs mentioned in the above case scenario.
•• ~ Describe the physiological basis of its treatment. . (2+2+1)-
)3"/ Write a short note on impedance matching in middle ear
yDescri be the role of sarcotubular system in the excitation-contraction coupling of s~eletal
v /ffiUScle
ft Describe the bodily responses on exposure to hot environment. Add a note on heat stroke
•. (3+2)
fi Describe Milk ejection reflex in detail • '

~ ~rite the differences between Decerebrate and Decorticate rigidity


JY vtscuss the functions of hypothalamus in detail

Page 1 of 02
r •

✓Long Answer Questlon_s (Any one out of two) (1 x 10 Marks= 10)


a) 1. Descfibe the origin, course, and termination of corticospinal tracts (4)
ii. Write functions of cortlcosplnal tracts. (2)
iii. Describe the clinical features of corticospinal tract lesion at the level of (4)
1) Internal capsule on Right side
/ 2) spinal cord segment T 10 level on Right half
-91" /Describe the ovarian changes during menstrual cycle and its hormonal regulation (6)
j0' Describe the indicators of ovulation
y Add a note on the mechanism of action of oral contraceptive pills
(Z)
(2)

Section "C" (40 marks)


Q. 4 S~rt answer questions (Any six out of seven) (6 x 5 Marks= 30)
,ef'., Compare &contrast isometric and isotonic contraction
__,,.ijf ~eo/ibe the actions and regulation of secretion of aldosterone
/4;;aw a well-labelled diagram of fast pain pathway (2)
•• Describe referred pain (3)
...-cf) ~ite the differences between slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres
~Add a short note on physiological functions of testosterone
f) Write a short note on neurohormones and neurochemicals involved in the sleep-
wakefulness cycle
i:,~ /13 old Ramesh got failed in the driving licence examination; because he was not able to
I
I / differeptiate the road traffic signal colours.
A
-v."_,))escribe the condition he is suffering form (2)
I
~
y What are the different theories of this clinical condition (3)

Q.5 Long Answer Questions (Any one out of two) (1 x 10 Marks = 10)
a) Enumerate the different phases of an action potential in a neuron with a neat
labelled diagram. Describe the ionic basis of various phases of the action potential.
What is the absolute refractory period? Mention the ionic basis of the absolute
refractory period in neurons. (4+3+ 1+Zt
~ A SO-year-old man came to the outpatient department complaining of difficulty in
maintaining a balance since 15 days. On examination, it was seen that he had an
intej)tion tremor, hypotonia, and pendular knee jerk.
_/4'" What is the provisional diagnosis? (2)
i~umerate the connections and functions of the structure of the central
nervous system that is affected in the patient. (6)
~ Add a note on motor and sensory ataxia. (2).

Page 2 of 02
SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIO NAL (DEEMED UNIV-ERSITY)
(Established under Section 3 of lhe UGC Act 1956)
Re-accredited by NAAC with 'A++' Grade I Awarded ca'te O -1
~ " " - - -. . . . .~ i - - - . . - - - - - -

Institute: (0413)SYMBIOSIS MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN; PUNE

Programme: (041321) BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF SURGERY

Batch: 2023-29
Phase: I
Course: Biochemistry Paper I
Course Code: 0413210103

Date: 16/08/2024 Maximum Marks: 100


J

Day: Friday Time: 10:00 - 13:00

NOTE : DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON THE QUESTION PAPER


....... ....
Instructions: ' -,-
1) Use blue/black ballpoint pen only.
2) Do QQt write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type
'
of act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means. ;
3) All questions are compulsory.
4) The number to the right indicates full marks.
5) Draw diagrams wherever necessary. "
6) Distribution of syllabus in Question Paper is only meant to cover entire syllabus within the ..
stipulated frame. ',
7) The Question paper pattern is a mere guideline. Questions can be asked from any paper's
syllabus into any question paper. Students cannot claim that the Question is out of sy\\abus:A.s
it is only for the placement sake, the distribution has been done.
8) Use separate answer books for Section B and C

Section "B" (40 marks)


Q. 2 ;,Port answer questions (Any six out of seven) (6 x 5 Marks= 30)
A §icosanoids; Classification & clinical uses (2+3)
/oescribe common barriers of effective communication. (5)
c) Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia (5)
A Immunoglobulins (5)
' / Isoenzymes and their clinical significance (2+3)

.,Y CSF in health and disease (2.5 +2.5)

rytochrome P450 (5)

Q.3 Long Answer Questions (Any one out of two) (1 x 10 Marks= 10)
a) Discuss lipoproteins under;
i. Classification of Lipoproteins. (3)
ii. Describe metabolism of two lipoproteins in detail (4)
...
Ill, Add a note on Hyperlipoprotein emia. (3)

Page 1 of02
✓oi~ss Enzymes
~'./ Definit~on & Mechanism of action (1+2)
~ J=lassification (2)
J" Factors affecting Enzyme activity (5)

Section "C" (40 marks)


Q. 4 Short answer questions (Any six out of seven) (6 x 5 Marks= 30)

4linic al significance of Dietary fibre. Assessment of obesicy, (3+ 2)


~ Glycogenolysis & its regulation. (4+1)
hDiagn _ostic and therapeutic uses of enzymes (2.5 +2.5)
_,.AlJ Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) (2.5 +2.5)
~Elect ron transport chain and its inhibitors . (4+1)
t) Describe the biochemical basis underlying fatty liver. Add a note on lipotropic factors.
y/Four _ Tumor markers and their clinical significance (3+2)

Q.5 Long Answer Questions (Any one out of two) (1 x 10 Marks= 10)
i f Dessµbe glucose homeostasis under the following heads:
✓- K )legulation by hormones and various organs. (4)
✓.'))iagnostic criteria for Diabetes Mellitus. ADA criteria (3)
jiV" Enumerate chronic complications of Diabetes mellitus and their underlying
biochemical mechanisms. - - - (3J-- -~

b) Explain the amphibolic nature of TCA cycle. Describe the reactions involved in the
efflux of TCA cycle intermediates. Describe the anapleurotic reactions. Add a note
on inhibitors ofTCA cycle. (2+3+3+2)

Pagt..' 2 or 02
sv~1.nros1s INTERNATIONAL (DEEMED UNIVERSITY)
(Batabllohed u11d11r 8eollot1 3 of the UCJO Aot, 1g68)
Ra•l\OCr~dltod by NAAO with 'AH' Orndo I Awarded Oatof'-gc,....,ry.._-_I_..,by1U_010 --ir--Y--r- -""T--.
[seat [Link] b }.2 Ib j,_ j oj
lmHltuto: (0413)SYMBIOSIS MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, PUNE

Programmo: (041321) BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF SURGERY

Bntoh: 2023-29
Plu1so:
Course: Bloch8mlstry Popor II
Course Codo: 0413210103
Maximum Marks: 100
Dato: 17/08/2024
Time: 10:00 - 13:00
Day: Saturday
NOTE : DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON THE QUESTION PAPER

Instructions:
1) Use blue/black ballpoint pen only.
2) Do 11ot write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type
of act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
3) All questions are compulsory.
4) The number to the right indicates full marks.
5) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.
6) Distribution of syllabus in Question Paper is only meant to cover entire syllabus within the
stipulnted frame.
,
l

7) The Question paper pattern is a mere guideline. Questions can be asked from any paper's
syllabus into any question paper. Students cannot claim that the Question is out of syllabus. As
it is only for the placement sake, the distribution has been done.
8) Use separnte answer books for Section B and C
~ n "B" (40 marks)

~ r t answer questions (Any six out of seven) (6 x 5 Marks = 30)


~ Role of enzyme markers in assessing liver disorders.
b) What is gene therapy? Name the vectors used for gene therapy and add a note on
clinical application of gene therapy. (2+2+ 1)
/ Salvage pathway in purine metabolism. (5)
.Y,An eight years old boy was brought by his parents with complaint of difficulty in
• objects in dark for few months.
at is the probable diagnosis? (1)
hat can be other manifestations in the eyes of the patients with this disease
cond'tion? (2)
i" Describe the mechanism of dark adaptation? (2)
A ,)}escribe folate trap and its significance.
1~~n absorption RDA source functions (2+ 1+2)
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The right atrium of the heart is distinguished by its internal features which include the presence of the pectinate muscles and the crista terminalis that separates the smooth part from the rough part of the atrial wall. The openings include the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus. During development, the right atrium is formed by the merging of the original atrium with the sinus venosus, which affects the location of the electrical conduction system. Clinically, the size and pressure in the right atrium are significant for diagnosing certain heart conditions, such as right-sided heart failure or tricuspid valve issues .

Neural crest cells arise from the ectoderm during embryogenesis and migrate throughout the body to form various structures, including peripheral neurons, Schwann cells, melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage, and elements of the heart. Any disruption in their development can lead to significant congenital abnormalities, such as Hirschsprung's disease, neurofibromatosis, or cleft palate. Their diverse roles underscore their importance in normal development and the potential impact on multiple body systems if abnormalities occur. Clinically, understanding the pathways and timings of neural crest cell differentiation is crucial for diagnosing and managing related disorders .

The superior mediastinum, located above the heart between the pleurae of the lungs and posterior to the sternum, contains critical structures such as the thymus, parts of the trachea, the esophagus, aortic arch, and branches including the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries. The proximity of these structures means that any enlargement or inflammation can compress others, leading to symptoms such as difficulty breathing or swallowing, indicative of conditions like thymoma or goiter. The complex anatomy requires careful consideration during surgical interventions to avoid damaging critical vessels or nerves like the recurrent laryngeal nerve .

The gluteus maximus muscle is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles and plays a significant role in maintaining the human upright posture. Anatomically, it originates from the ilium behind the posterior gluteal line, the posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx, and the sacrotuberous ligament. It inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur. This muscle is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve and is primarily responsible for the extension and lateral rotation of the hip joint. Its role in stabilizing the pelvis in gait is critical, especially when walking up stairs or rising from a seated position .

Erb's palsy is a condition caused by injury to the upper brachial plexus nerves, particularly affecting the C5 and C6 spinal nerve roots. This is often due to excessive lateral flexion of the neck, such as cases of difficult childbirth. Erb's point, situated near the neck, is where these nerve roots coalesce and are most accessible, often involved in such injuries. Key muscles affected include the deltoid, biceps brachii, and brachialis, leading to the characteristic 'waiter's tip' posture (arm adducted, internally rotated). Understanding these anatomical details aids in diagnosis and treatment strategies, including physical therapy and possibly surgery .

The suprarenal (adrenal) glands consist of two distinct regions: the cortex and the medulla, each with its specific cell types and functions. The cortex is divided into three zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis, which produce mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens, respectively. The medulla contains chromaffin cells that produce catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones are crucial in regulating stress response, metabolism, immune responses, and blood pressure. The structural organization allows for the efficient synthesis and release of these hormones in response to physiological demands .

Porto-systemic anastomoses are connections between the portal venous system and the systemic venous circulation. Key anastomoses occur at the gastroesophageal junction (left gastric and esophageal veins), rectal region (superior rectal and middle/inferior rectal veins), and around the umbilicus (paraumbilical veins and superficial epigastric veins forming Caput Medusae). These anastomoses become clinically significant in conditions such as liver cirrhosis, where increased portal pressure can lead to the development of varices, increasing the risk of hemorrhage. Additionally, they are vital considerations during surgical procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract .

Fatty liver, or hepatic steatosis, results from the accumulation of triglycerides in liver cells, often due to obesity, alcohol consumption, or metabolic syndrome. Biochemically, this involves an imbalance between the uptake and oxidation of free fatty acids, leading to lipid accumulation. Lipotropic factors such as choline and methionine play a role in the mobilization of fats, promoting their utilization, and preventing excessive fat accumulation. Clinically, fatty liver can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis, thus understanding its basis is important for developing therapeutic strategies and lifestyle modifications .

Fibrous joints are fixed or immovable joints where bones are connected by dense connective tissue. The primary function of these joints is to provide stability and protection. Examples include sutures found between the bones of the skull, which protect the brain by providing a rigid structure, and syndesmoses, such as the distal tibiofibular joint aiding in the stability of the ankle. Another example is gomphoses, which are peg-in-socket fibrous joints found in teeth sockets. Despite being immovable, these joints play crucial roles in maintaining the rigidity and structure of the skeletal framework .

Developmental anomalies of the kidneys include disorders such as renal agenesis, polycystic kidney disease, and horseshoe kidney. Renal agenesis, the absence of one or both kidneys, can lead to severe complications, including hypertension and kidney failure if bilateral. Polycystic kidney disease, characterized by numerous cysts, can result in progressive renal failure. Horseshoe kidney, which results from the fusion of the kidneys, can lead to urinary issues and increased risk of infections. These anomalies highlight the importance of proper renal development and can significantly impact quality of life, requiring close medical monitoring and intervention .

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