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2nd Year Statistics Test Papers

The document consists of a series of tests for 2nd-year statistics students, covering various topics such as normal distribution, sampling, statistical inference, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and contingency tables. Each test includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and detailed answer questions, with a total of 30 marks allocated for each test. The tests are structured to assess students' understanding of statistical concepts and their application in problem-solving.

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370 views8 pages

2nd Year Statistics Test Papers

The document consists of a series of tests for 2nd-year statistics students, covering various topics such as normal distribution, sampling, statistical inference, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and contingency tables. Each test includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and detailed answer questions, with a total of 30 marks allocated for each test. The tests are structured to assess students' understanding of statistical concepts and their application in problem-solving.

Uploaded by

usamamuhtaq456
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Rozana Test Institute

[Link] Ph:03026823363

Student Name: Class: 2nd Year

Paper Type: unit 10 Test 1 Subject: Statistics

Paper Time: 30 Minutes Maximum Marks: 30

1. ‫ـ‬ A B C ‫ـ‬
D 2. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 3. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 4. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 5. A B C D

6. A ‫ـ‬ B C D

Q1. Choose the correct option. (6X1=6)

1. Normal distribution is a limiting form of:

2
(A) Hypergeometric (B) F-distribution (C) Binomial distribution (D) X -distribution
distribution

2. If X~N(16,49), then mean is:

(A) 4 (B) 16 (C) 7 (D) 49

3. In a normal distribution "b1" is:

(A) Zero (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) None of these

4. The mean and variance of standard normal variate are:

(A) 0 and 1 (B) 1 and 0 (C) μ and σ (D) π and e


5. If Z~N(0,1), then C.V=

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) ∞ (D) 0.7979

6. For a normal distribution with µ=55 and σ=10, how much area will be found under the curve to the right of X=55:
(A) 1.0 (B) 0.68 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.32

Q2. Write short answers of following questions. (8X2=16)

‫ـ‬
[i ] Define normal distribution.

‫ـ‬
[ii ] How can we denote a normal distribution if X is a random variable?

‫ـ‬
[iii ] Give the equation y=f(x) of normal curve with: Mean 0 and variance 1.

‫ـ‬
[iv] Write the equation of normal distribution with mean=30 and S.D.=10.

‫ـ‬
[v] In a normal distribution, mean is 50 and variance is 100. Find area between 53 and 72.

‫ـ‬
[vi ] Explain Sharply Peaked Normal Distribution.

‫ـ‬
[vii ] Write down properties of normal distribution. (Any six)

‫ـ‬
[viii ] If X ~ N (80, 60), then find median, mode, Q and Q .
1 2

Q3. Write detailed answers of the following questions. (2X4=8)

1. If X ~ N (30, 31.36), then find:

i. P(X<20).

ii. P(X≤25).

2. In a normal distribution μ=163 and σ=12. Find:

i. The point that has 90% are below it.

ii. Two points containing the middle 90% of the area.


Rozana Test Institute
[Link] Ph:03026823363

Student Name: Class: 2nd Year

Paper Type: unit 11 Test 2 Subject: Statistics

Paper Time: 30 Minutes Maximum Marks: 30

1. ‫ـ‬ A B C D 2. A ‫ـ‬ B C ‫ـ‬


D 3. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 4. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 5. A B C D

6. A ‫ـ‬ B C D

Q1. Choose the correct option. (6X1=6)

1. The smallest individuals of population are called:

(A) Sampling frame (B) Sampling units (C) Sampled population (D) Sample design

2. A part of population is called:

(A) Parameter (B) Statistic (C) Sample (D) Sampling distribution

3. One of the great advantages of sampling is to:

(A) Waste time (B) Use time (C) Save time (D) None of these

4. Bias is:

(A) Cumulative (B) De-cumulative (C) Decreasing (D) None of these

5. The prob. distribution of statistic is called:

(A) Sampling (B) Parameter (C) Data (D) Sampling distribution

6. The collection of all elements under study is called:

(A) Population (B) Sample (C) Parametr (D) None

Q2. Write short answers of following questions. (8X2=16)

‫ـ‬
[i ] Define the term population.

‫ـ‬
[ii ] Define finite population.

‫ـ‬
[iii ] Define existent population.

‫ـ‬
[iv] Define random sampling without replacement.

‫ـ‬
[v] Explain lottery method of sampling.

‫ـ‬
[vi ] Give a short account of shape of the sampling distribution of .

[vii ] Given N=310, n=100, ‫ـ‬ σ²=3500, if sampling is done without replacement the find .

‫ـ‬
) where .

[viii ] If μ=6, n=2 and σ²=10.8, find E(S2

Q3. Write detailed answers of the following questions. (2X4=8)

1. A population consists of two elements 20 and 30. Take all possible random samples of size 2 with replacement and find

their means. Make sampling distrribution of sample means and show that .

2. The random variable X has the following probability distribution:

X 3 4 5

P(X) 0.2 0.4 0.4

(i) Find mean, variance and standard deviation of population.

(ii) If a sample of size 16 is drawn with replacement from this population then find mean an standard error of sampling

distribution of X̅ .
Rozana Test Institute
[Link] Ph:03026823363

Student Name: Class: 2nd Year

Paper Type: unit 12 Test 3 Subject: Statistics

Paper Time: 30 Minutes Maximum Marks: 30

1. ‫ـ‬ A B C D 2. A ‫ـ‬ B C ‫ـ‬


D 3. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 4. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 5. A B C D

6. A ‫ـ‬ B C D

Q1. Choose the correct option. (6X1=6)

1. Statistical inference is divided into two major branches given below:

(A) Point estimation and (B) Interval estimation and (C) Testing of hypothesis and (D) Point estimation and
testing of hypothesis testing of hypothesis estimation interval estimation

2. In point estimation we get:

(A) More than one value (B) Value in interval (C) Single value (D) None of these

3. If mean of the sampling distribution is equal to the parameter, then the estimates will be:

(A) Bad (B) Biased (C) Unbiased (D) None of these

4. is called:

(A) Sampling error (B) No error (C) Bias (D) None

5. The Bias is positive if:

(A) E(T)= θ (B) E(T)< θ (C) E(T)# θ (D) E(T)> θ


6. (1- ∝) is called:
(A) Critical value (B) Level of significance (C) Level of confidence (D) Interval estimate

Q2. Write short answers of following questions. (8X2=16)

‫ـ‬
[i ] Define statistical inference.

‫ـ‬
[ii ] What is the difference between estimator and estimate?

‫ـ‬
[iii ] Define point estimator.

[iv] If X=80, ‫ـ‬ σ²=16 and n=64, construct a 95% condidence interval for the population mean μ.

‫ـ‬
[v] What are different types of estimation?

‫ـ‬
[vi ] Define an unbiased estimator.

[vii ] Given µ=6, n=2 and ‫ـ‬ σ²=10.8 find E(S²).

‫ـ‬
[viii ] Given the 95% confidence interval for µ when σ is known.
Q3. Write detailed answers of the following questions. (2X4=8)

1. Obtain the best unbiased estimates of the population mean μ and variance σ² from which the following sample id drawn

n=8, .

2. In a random sample of 1000 houses in a certain city, it is found that 228 own colour television sets. Find 98% confidence

interval for the proportion of houses in this city that have coloured sets.
Rozana Test Institute
[Link] Ph:03026823363

Student Name: Class: 2nd Year

Paper Type: unit 13 Test 4 Subject: Statistics

Paper Time: 30 Minutes Maximum Marks: 30

1. ‫ـ‬ A B C D 2. A ‫ـ‬ B C ‫ـ‬


D 3. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 4. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 5. A B C D

6. A ‫ـ‬ B C D

Q1. Choose the correct option. (6X1=6)

1. Any statement about the population is called:

(A) Null hypothesis (B) Alternative hypothesis (C) Statistical hypothesis (D) Simple hypothesis

2. The alternative hypothesis is denoted by:

(A) (B) (C) (D)

3. A hypothesis may be classified as:

(A) Simple (B) Composite (C) Null (D) All of these

4. Another name of level of significance is:

(A) Type I error (B) Type II error (C) P(type I error) (D) P(type II error)

5. Which of the following cannot be ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

6. Level of significance is denoted by:

(A) 3- α (B) 1+ α (C) 1- α (D) α


Q2. Write short answers of following questions. (8X2=16)

‫ـ‬
[i ] Descibe the hypothesis.

‫ـ‬
[ii ] Define a simple hypothesis.

‫ـ‬
[iii ] Define type II error with example.

‫ـ‬
[iv] What type of the hypothesis is . Also write down its alternate hypothesis and its critical region.

‫ـ‬
[v] Highlight main setps to be followed in testing are known.

‫ـ‬
[vi ] What are critical values? Where do they come form?

‫ـ‬
[vii ] Define degree of freedom.

‫ـ‬
[viii ] Find pooled variance if n₁=n₂=16, .

Q3. Write detailed answers of the following questions. (2X4=8)

1. A random sample of 36 is taken from a normal population with known variance σ²=25. If the mean of sample is 42.6, test
against at α=0.05.

2. Assume the experimenter has no preconceived notions about which formula might be better:

Sample I 5 7 8 9 6 7 10 8 6

Sample II 9 10 8 6 8 7 9

Test at 5% level of significance that mean of pop-I is equal to mean of pop-II.


Rozana Test Institute
[Link] Ph:03026823363

Student Name: Class: 2nd Year

Paper Type: unit 14 Test 5 Subject: Statistics

Paper Time: 30 Minutes Maximum Marks: 30

1. ‫ـ‬ A B C ‫ـ‬
D 2. A B C D 3. A ‫ـ‬ B C ‫ـ‬
D 4. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 5. A B C D

6. A ‫ـ‬ B C D

Q1. Choose the correct option. (6X1=6)

1. The consumption expenditure of household is related to:

(A) Its income (B) Its demand (C) Its supply (D) None of these

2. To perform simple regression analysis we need:

(A) Uni-variate data (B) Bi-variate data (C) Tri-variate data (D) All

3. Another name of dependent variable is:

(A) Regressior (B) Regressend (C) Fixed variable (D) Predictor

4. The regression coefficient is independent of:

(A) Unit of measurment (B) Scale and origin (C) Origin only (D) A and B

5. In the regression equation Y=bX, "a" is:

(A) x-intercept (B) y-intercept (C) Zero (D) All

6. The sum of squares of residuals is denoted by:

(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these

Q2. Write short answers of following questions. (8X2=16)

‫ـ‬
[i ] Explain bivariate data.

‫ـ‬
[ii ] What is meant by simple regression?

‫ـ‬
[iii ] Distinguish between simple linear and simple non-linear regression.

‫ـ‬
[iv] Define coefficient of correlation?

‫ـ‬
[v] Distinguish between regressor and regressand.

‫ـ‬
[vi ] Determine Regression Equation:

y=a+bx if n=10, Σx=20, Σy=260, Σx²= 3144, Σxy=3490


[vii ] Given ‫ـ‬ . find a =?

‫ـ‬
[viii ] What is meant by Intercept?

Q3. Write detailed answers of the following questions. (2X4=8)

1. Find regression equation of y on x to the following data:

X 5 4 2 1

Y 1 8 7 6

2. For a given set of data we have find the number of pairs of

values.
Rozana Test Institute
[Link] Ph:03026823363

Student Name: Class: 2nd Year

Paper Type: unit 15 Test 6 Subject: Statistics

Paper Time: 30 Minutes Maximum Marks: 30

1. ‫ـ‬ A B C D 2. A‫ـ‬ B C ‫ـ‬


D 3. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 4. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 5. A B C D

6. A ‫ـ‬ B C D

Q1. Choose the correct option. (6X1=6)

1. A qualitative characteristic is:

(A) Variable (B) Statistic (C) Attribute (D) Regression

2. The process of dividing the objects into two mutually excusive classes of and attribute is called:

(A) Bichotomy (B) Trichotomy (C) Dichotomy (D) Multi chotomy

3. The number of cells in a 4 x 5 contingency table are:

(A) 4 (B) 15 (C) 16 (D) 20

4. Two attributes A and B are independent if(AB)=..........:

(A) (B) (C) (D)

2
5. The limits of x distribution are:

(A) -1 and +1 (B) 0 and 1 (C) -1 and 0 (D) 0 to infinity


2
6. Chi-square(x ) test should not be used if any excepted frequency is:

(A) Less than 10 (B) ;ess then 5 (C) More then 10 (D) More than 5

Q2. Write short answers of following questions. (8X2=16)

‫ـ‬
[i ] What is ordinal scale?

‫ـ‬
[ii ] Define negative attribute.

‫ـ‬
[iii ] Define the term dichotomy.

‫ـ‬
[iv] Given that x²=20.178, if d.f.=4, α=0.01. Find the table value of x².
‫ـ‬
[v] Given (B)=50 and (AB)=30, Find ( ∝B).

‫ـ‬
[vi ] If n=120, (A)=82, (AB)=90, find consistence of data.

‫ـ‬
[vii ] If (A)=20, (B)=10, n=40, find (AB) if "A" and "B" are independent.

‫ـ‬
[viii ] What is meant by x²- test for independence?

Q3. Write detailed answers of the following questions. (2X4=8)

1. If there are 144 A’s and 384 b’s in 1024 observations, how many AB’s and αβ’s will there be for A and B being independent.
2. In a locality, 300 perosns were randomly selected and asked about their education.

Middle Secondary school

Male 90 45

Female 75 90

Can we say that education depends upon gender? Use α=0.05.


Rozana Test Institute
[Link] Ph:03026823363

Student Name: Class: 2nd Year

Paper Type: unit 16 Test 7 Subject: Statistics

Paper Time: 30 Minutes Maximum Marks: 30

1. ‫ـ‬ A B C D 2. A‫ـ‬ B C D 3. A‫ـ‬ B C ‫ـ‬


D 4. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 5. A B C D

6. A ‫ـ‬ B C D

Q1. Choose the correct option. (6X1=6)

1. A time series is a function of.......:

(A) Groups (B) Frequency (C) Tune (D) None

2. Long term variations are regrade as:

(A) Secular trend (B) Seasonal variation (C) Cyclical variation (D) Irregular veriation

3. In time series seasonal variations can occur within a period of:

(A) Four year (B) Three year (C) One year (D) Two year

4. Increase in demand of ice in summer is an example of:

(A) Secular trend (B) Seasonal variation (C) Cyclical variation (D) Random variation

5. Multiplicative model of time series is:

(A) T+c (B) Ci (C) Tci (D) Tsci

6. Systematic component of time series which follow regular pattern is called:

(A) model (B) random (C) noise (D) signal

Q2. Write short answers of following questions. (8X2=16)

‫ـ‬
[i ] Define time series with two examples.

‫ـ‬
[ii ] Define histogram.

‫ـ‬
[iii ] Give two examples of seasonal movements.

‫ـ‬
[iv] Write advantages of the semi-average method.

‫ـ‬
[v] Give two examples of time series data.

‫ـ‬
[vi ] Give any two examples of irregular variations.

‫ـ‬
[vii ] Give the normal equation of second degree parabola.

‫ـ‬
[viii ] A straight line is fitted to a time series , to the years 1990 to 1992 taking 1990 as origin, find the trend values.

Q3. Write detailed answers of the following questions. (2X4=8)

1. Given the data:

Year 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

Y 42 38 35 21 24

Find the equation of semi average trend line. Compute out the trend values. Estimate the number of books sold (Y) for the

year 1980.

2. Compute 4-month centered moving averages form the following.

Month Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct

Value 23 26 28 30 31 35 37 32 34 38
Rozana Test Institute
[Link] Ph:03026823363

Student Name: Class: 2nd Year

Paper Type: unit 17 Test 8 Subject: Statistics

Paper Time: 30 Minutes Maximum Marks: 30

1. ‫ـ‬ A B C ‫ـ‬
D 2. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 3. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 4. A B C ‫ـ‬
D 5. A B C D

6. A ‫ـ‬ B C D

Q1. Choose the correct option. (6X1=6)

1. The first commercially available computer was:

(A) Univac (B) Eniac (C) MarkI (D) Analytical engine

2. Keyboard mouse and scanner are the........ devices

(A) Input (B) Output (C) Logical (D) None

3. The world computer came from the word:

(A) Compopute (B) Measure (C) Memory (D) Count

4. The most common number system is the............ number system:

(A) Ictal (B) Decimal (C) Hexadecimal (D) Binary

5. The base of octal system is:

(A) 2 (B) 10 (C) 8 (D) 16

6. Modem is an example of:

(A) Digital computer (B) Analogue computer (C) Hybrid computer (D) None of these

Q2. Write short answers of following questions. (8X2=16)

‫ـ‬
[i ] Define computer.

‫ـ‬
[ii ] Differentiate between analog computers and digital computers.

‫ـ‬
[iii ] What is computer hardware?

‫ـ‬
[iv] Describe low level and high level languages.

‫ـ‬
[v] What is meant by programming?

‫ـ‬
[vi ] Differentiate between RAM and ROM.

‫ـ‬
[vii ] Write the types of printer.

‫ـ‬
[viii ] What is operating system?

Q3. Write detailed answers of the following questions. (2X4=8)

1. Explain the working of Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU).

2. Explain the Control Unit.

Common questions

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The chi-square test might be inappropriate if the expected frequency in any category is less than 5, as it can distort the test’s results leading to increased Type I errors. Additionally, it assumes that data are nominal and independent, and large sample sizes may be needed to achieve accurate results. These conditions help ensure the appropriateness of the approximation that underlies the chi-square distribution used in the test .

Outliers can significantly skew the results of the least squares method, leading to inaccurate slope and intercept estimates, as they exert undue influence on the fitting criterion by increasing the sum of squared residuals. This distorts the overall regression line. To mitigate their effects, robust regression techniques, such as weighted least squares or removing identified outliers after careful consideration, can be applied. Transformations of data or using alternative methods like quantile regression can also help .

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) states that the distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution as the sample size becomes large, regardless of the original population distribution. This underpins estimations by ensuring that, with a sufficiently large sample size, the sampling distribution of the mean can be approximated as normal, allowing researchers to use normal probability methods to make inferences about the population mean, thus enhancing reliability and consistency in results .

Regression coefficients represent the amount by which the dependent variable changes when the independent variable increases by one unit. In simple linear regression, the coefficient of the independent variable indicates the slope of the regression line, showing the rate of change. The intercept term shows the value of the dependent variable when independent variables are zero. Proper interpretation tells us the strength and direction of the relationship between variables .

A normal distribution is defined by its bell-shaped curve, which is symmetric about the mean. The key properties are: (1) The mean, median, and mode are all equal. (2) The curve is completely determined by the mean (μ) and the standard deviation (σ). (3) It is asymptotic, meaning the tails approach the horizontal axis but never touch it. (4) The total area under the curve is equal to 1. These properties impact statistical analysis by providing a foundation for the normality assumption in many analytical techniques, allowing for predictions about data behavior using standard deviations and percentiles .

Degrees of freedom refer to the number of independent values that can vary in an analysis without violating constraints. In statistical testing, it determines the shape of the test statistic's distribution (e.g., t-distribution, chi-square distribution). It helps adjust for sample size, allowing for a more precise estimation of variability. Correctly determining degrees of freedom is crucial for accurate p-value computation and interpretation of test results .

Type I error occurs when a true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected, typically denoted by α (level of significance). For example, concluding a new drug is effective when it’s not. Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected, denoted by β. For example, failing to detect the effectiveness of the new drug. Type I is akin to a false positive, while Type II is a false negative, both affecting decision-making in research .

In skewed distributions, the mean can be misleading because it is heavily influenced by outliers or skewness. This can result in a central measure that does not represent the typical value well. Alternatives such as the median or mode, which are less affected by extreme values, may provide a more accurate central tendency. For distributions with significant skewness, using the median often gives a better representation of the data's center .

Sampling without replacement reduces the variance of the sample distribution compared to sampling with replacement. This is because each selection affects the probability of subsequent selections, creating a dependency. For statistical inference, this dependency must be accounted for, particularly in calculating the standard error, to avoid underestimating the variability of an estimator, which can lead to incorrect conclusions .

Confidence intervals provide a range of values within which we expect the true population parameter to lie, while hypothesis testing assesses whether a data sample provides enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis. The relationship lies in the fact that if a confidence interval for a parameter does not include the value specified by the null hypothesis, the null hypothesis can be rejected at the corresponding significance level. Therefore, confidence intervals can be used to provide a visual significance test .

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