CBSE Class 10 Mathematics

NCERT Exemplar Solutions

Chapter 5 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

EXERCISE 5.1

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions:

1. In an A.P., if d = –4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is

(a) 6

(b) 7

(c) 20

(d) 28

Ans. (d) 28

Main concept used:

an = a + (n – 1)d

∴ 4 = a + (7 – 1) (–4) (By the given condition)

⇒ –a = –4 – 24

⇒ a = 28

2. In an A.P., if a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 101, then an will be

(a) 0

(b) 3.5

(c) 103.5

(d) 104.5
Sol. (b) 3.5
an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ an = 3.5 + (101 – 1) × 0 (By the given condition)

⇒ an​ = 3.5 + 100 × 0

⇒ an = 3.5 + 0

⇒ an = 3.5

OR

As d = 0, so all terms are same.

3. The list of numbers –10, –6, –2, 2, … is

(a) an A.P. with d = –16

(b) an A.P. with d = 4

(c) an A.P. with d = –4

(d) not an A.P.

Sol. (b) an A.P. with d = 4

Main concept used: A series of numbers will be an A.P. if d1 = d2 =d3 = …

where d​1 = a2 – a1, d2 = a3 – a2, d3 = a4 – a3

d1 = a2 – a1 = –6 – (–10) = –6 + 10 = 4

d2 = a3 – a2 = –2 – (–6) = –2 + 6 = 4

d3 = a4 – a3 = 2 – (–2) = 2 + 2 = 4

As d1 = d2 = d3 = 4
So, the given series is an A.P. with d = 4.

4. The 11th term of the A.P. –5, , 0, , … is

(a) –20

(b) 20

(c) –30

(d) 30

Sol. (b): Here, n = 11, a = –5,

an = a + (n – 1)d

∴ a11 = –5 + (11 – 1)

= –5 + 10 × = –5 + 25 = 20

Hence, (b) is the correct answer.

5. The first four terms of an A.P., whose first term is –2 and the common difference is(–
2), are

(a) –2, 0, 2, 4

(b) –2, 4, –8, 16

(c) –2, –4, –6, –8

(d) –2, –4, –8, –16

Sol. (c): Main concept used: an + (n – 1)d

a1 = –2, d = –2

∴ a2 = a1 + d

⇒ a2 = –2 – 2 = –4

and a3 = a2 + d = –4 + (–2) = –6

and a4 = a3 + d = –6 + (–2) = –8

So, the first four terms are –2, –4, –6, –8.

6. The 21st term of the A.P. whose first two terms are –3 and 4 is

(a) 17

(b) 137

(c) 143

(d) –143

Sol. (b): Main concept used: an = a + (n – 1)d

Here, a = a1 = –3, a2 = 4

∴ d = a2 – a1 = 4 – (–3) = 4 + 3 = 7

Hence, d = 7

Now, an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ a21 = –3 + (21 – 1) × 7 = –3 + 20 × 7 = –3 + 140

⇒ a21 = 137

Hence, (b) is the correct answer.

7. If the 2nd term of an A.P. is 13 and 5th term is 25, what is its 7th term ?

(a) 30

(b) 33

(c) 37

(d) 38

Sol. (b): Here, a2 = 13 and a5 = 25

₹ an = a + (n – 1)d

∴ a2 = a + (2 – 1)d

⇒ 13 = a + d

⇒ a + d = 13 …(i)

and a5 = a + (5 – 1)d

⇒ 25 = a + 4d

⇒ a + 4d = 25 …(ii)

Now, subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

⇒d=4

Now, a + d = 13 [From (i)]

⇒ a + 4 = 13

⇒ a = 13 – 4 = 9

Now, a7 = a + 6d = 9 + 6(4) = 9 + 24

⇒ a7 = 33

Hence, (b) is the correct answer.

8. Which term of the A.P. : 21, 42, 63, 84, … is 210 ?

(a) 9th

(b) 10th

(c) 11th

(d) 12th

Sol. (b): Given A.P. is 21, 42, 63, 84, …

So, a = 21, d = 42 – 21 = 21, an = 210

We know that an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ 210 = 21 + (n – 1)21

⇒ 210 – 21 = (n – 1)21

⇒ = (n – 1)

⇒n–1=9

⇒ n = 10

Hence, (b) is the correct answer.

9. If the common difference of an A.P. is 5, then what is a18 – a13 ?

(a) 5

(b) 20

(c) 25

(d) 30

Sol. (c): Here, d = 5.

an = a + (n – 1)d.

∴ a18 – a13 = [a + (18 – 1)d] – [a + (13 – 1)d]

= a + 17d – a – 12d

= 5d = 5 × 5 = 25

Hence, (c) is the correct answer.

10. What is the common difference of an A.P. in which a18 – a14 = 32 ?

(a) 8

(b) –8

(c) –4

(d) 4

Sol. (a): Here, a18 – a14 = 32

⇒ [a + (18 – 1)d] – [a + (14 – 1)d] = 32 [ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + 17d – a – 13d = 32

⇒ 4d = 32
⇒

Hence, (a) is the correct answer.

11. Two APs have the same common difference. The 1st term of one of these is –1 and
that of other is –8. Then the difference between their 4th terms is

(a) –1

(b) –8

(c) 7

(d) –9

Sol. (c): Given: a1 ( for the first AP)= –1 and a1 ( for the second AP) = - 8

Let d be the same common difference of two [Link].

So, d1 = d,

₹ an = a + (n – 1)d

Now, a4 of first AP - a4 of second AP

⇒ = (–1 + 3d) – [–8 + 3d]

= – 1 + 3d + 8 – 3d = 7

Hence, the required answer is (c).

12. If 7 times the 7th term of an A.P. is equal to 11 times its 11th term, then its 18th term
will be

(a) 7
(b) 11

(c) 18

(d) 0

Sol. (d): a18 = a + (18 – 1)d = a + 17d

Now, 7a7 = 11a11 [Given]

⇒ 7[a + (7 – 1)d] = 11[a + (11 – 1)d]

⇒ 7[a + 6d] = 11[a + 10d]

⇒ 7a + 42d = 11a + 110d

⇒ 0 = 11a – 7a + 110d – 42d

⇒ 0 = 4a + 68d

⇒ 0 = a + 17d

⇒ a18 = 0

Hence, (d) is the correct answer.

13. The 4th term from the end of the A.P. –11, –8, –5, …, 49 is

(a) 37

(b) 40

(c) 43

(d) 58

Sol. (b): Reversing the A.P., we get

49, …, –5, –8, –11

∴ d = –8 – (–5) = –8 + 5 = –3

a = 49 and n = 4

an = a + (n – 1)d

∴ a4 = 49 + (4 – 1)(–3)

= 49 + 3(–3) = 49 – 9

⇒ a4 = 40

Hence, the required value of a4 is 40 and answer is (b).

14. The famous mathematician associated with finding the sum of the first 100 natural
numbers is

(a) Pythagoras

(b) Newton

(c) Gauss

(d) Euclid

Sol. (c): Gauss is the famous mathematician associated with finding the sum of first 100
natural numbers, i.e., 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + … + 100

Here, a = 1, d = 1, n = 100

As Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

∴ S100 = [2(1) + (100 – 1)1]

= [2 + 99] = 50 × 101
= 5050

15. If the first term of an A.P. is –5 and the common difference is 2, then the sum of first
6 terms is

(a) 0

(b) 5

(c) 6

(d) 15

Sol. (a) Here, a = –5, d = 2, n = 6

We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

∴ S6 = [2(–5) + (6 – 1)2]

= 3[–10 + 5 × 2]

= 3[–10 + 10]

= 3[0]

⇒ S6 = 0

Hence, (a) is the correct answer.

16. The sum of first 16 terms of the A.P. 10, 6, 2, … is

(a) –320

(b) 320

(c) –352

(d) –400
Sol. (a): Here, a = 10, n = 16, d = 6 – 10 = –4

∵ Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

∴ S16 = [2 × 10 + (16 – 1)(–4)]

=8[20 + 15(–4)]

= 8[20 – 60]

= 8 × (– 40)

⇒ S16 = –320

So, the required answer is (a).

17. In an A.P., if a = 1, an = 20 and Sn = 399 then n is

(a) 19

(b) 21

(c) 38

(d) 42

Sol. (c): We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ Sn = [a + a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ 399 = [a + an] [an = last term]

⇒ 399 = [1 + 20]
⇒n= =38

Hence, (c) is the correct answer.

18. The sum of first five multiples of 3 is

(a) 45 (b) 55 (c) 65 (d) 75

Sol. (a): 1st five multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, …

Here, a = 3, n = 5, d = 6 – 3 = 3

∴ S5 = [2 × 3 + (5 – 1)3]

⇒ S5 = [6 + 12] = × 18 = 45

Hence, (a) is the correct answer.

 EXERCISE 5.2

1. Which of the following form an A.P. ? Justify your answer.

(i) –1, –1, –1, –1, …

(ii) 0, 2, 0, 2, …

(iii) 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, …

(iv) 11, 22, 33, …

(v)

(vi) 2, 22, 23, 24, …

(vii)

Sol. (i) –1, –1, –1, –1, …

A series of numbers will form an A.P. if d1 = d2 = d3 …

So, d1 = a2–a1 = –1 – (–1) = 0

d2 = a3–a2 = –1 – (–1) = 0

d3 = a4–a3 = –1 – (–1) = 0

d1 = d2 = d3 …

So, the given series of numbers form an A.P.

(ii) 0, 2, 0, 2, …
Given numbers will be in A.P. if d1 = d2 = d3 ...

So, d1 = a2–a1 = 2 – 0 = 2

d2 = a3–a2 = 0 – 2 = –2

d1 ≠ d2

So, the given series of numbers are not in A.P.

(iii) 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, …

Given series of numbers will form an A.P. if d1 = d2 = d3 …

So, d1 = a2–a1 = 1 – 1 = 0

d2 = a3–a2 = 2 – 1 = 1

d1 ≠ d2

Hence, the given form of numbers will not form an A.P.

(iv) 11, 22, 33, …

Given form of numbers will form an A.P. if d1 = d2 = d3 = …

So, d1 = a2–a1 = 22 – 11 = 11

d2 = a3–a2 = 33 – 22 = 11

d1 = d2 = 11

Hence, the given form of numbers will form an A.P.

(v)

Given form of numbers will form an A.P. if d1 = d2 = d3 …

So, ( d1 = a2–a1 )

( d2 = a3–a2 )

d1 ≠ d2

Hence, the given form of numbers will not form an A.P.

(vi) 2, 22, 23, 24, …

Given form of numbers will form an A.P. if d1 = d2 = d3 …

So, d1 = a2–a1 = 22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2

d2 = a3–a2 = 23 – 22 = 8 – 4 = 4

d3 = a4–a3 = 24 – 23 = 16 – 8 = 8

d1 ≠ d2 ≠ d3

Hence, the given form of numbers will not form an A.P.

(vii)

Given form of numbers will form an A.P. if d1 = d2 = d3 …

So, ( d1 = a2–a1 )

( d2 = a3–a2 )

( d3 = a4–a3 )

d1 = d2 = d3 =

Hence, the given form of numbers will form an A.P.

2. Justify whether it is true to say that –1, , –2, … forms an A.P. as a2 – a1 = a3 – a2.

Sol. Main concept used: A form of numbers will form an A.P. if d1 = d2 = d3 = … dn = d.

Given form of numbers will form an A.P. if d1 = d2 = d3 = d otherwise not.

So,

d 1= d 2 ≠ d 3

Although a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = but a4 – a3 ≠

So, the given form of numbers will not form an A.P. Hence, the given statement is false.

3. For the A.P. –3, –7, –11, …, can we find directly a30 – a20 without actually finding

a30 and a20 ? Give reasons for your answer.

Sol. Here, a = –3

d1 = –7 – (–3) = –7 + 3 = – 4

d2 = –11 – (–7) = –11 + 7 = – 4

∴ d = d1 = d2 = – 4

Now, a30 = a + (30 – 1)d = a + 29d

and a20 = a + (20 – 1)d = a + 19d

So, a30 – a20 = (a + 29d) – (a + 19d) = a + 29d – a – 19d

⇒ a30 – a20 = 10d

= 10 ×(–4) = –40

So, we can find a30 – a20 without finding a30 and a20.

Hence, a30 – a20 = –40.

4. Two A.P.s have the same common difference. The first term of one A.P. is 2, and that

of the other is 7. The difference between their 10th terms is same as the difference

between their 21st terms, which is the same as the difference between any two
corresponding terms. Why ?

Sol. Given: a1 for first AP = 2 and a1 for second AP = 7

Let d be the same common difference of two A.P.s.

So, d1 = d and

Now,

= 2 + 9d – [7 + 9d] = 2 + 9d – 7 – 9d

Also,

= 2 + 20d – [7 + 20d] = 2 + 20d – 7 – 20d

Now,
= 2 + (n – 1)d – [7 + (n – 1)d]

= 2 + nd – d – [7 + nd – d]

= 2 + nd – d – 7 – nd + d

=2–7

Hence, the difference between any two corresponding terms of such A.P.’s is same (–5) as the
difference between their 10th terms and 21st terms.

5. Is 0 a term of the A.P. 31, 28, 25, … ∵ Justify your answer.

Sol. Main concept used: an = a + (n – 1)d

If we substitute the values of an​, a, and d in the above equation and if n comes out to be a

natural number then, the given an will be the term of the given series.

Here, an = 0, a = 31

d1 = 28 – 31 = –3, d2 = 25 – 28 = –3

So, d1 = d2 = –3

∵ an​ = a + (n – 1)d ⇒ 0 = 31 + (n – 1) × (–3)

⇒ –31 ·· – (n – 1) × 3 ⇒ (n – 1) =

⇒n= +1⇒ natural number.

Since n is in fraction and is not a natural number so 0 (an) is not any term of the given A.P..

[Link] taxi fare after each km, when the fare is Rs 15 for the first km and Rs 8 for each
additional km, does not form an A.P., as the total fare (in Rs) after each km is 15, 8, 8, 8,
… Is the statement true ∵ Give reasons.

Sol. No, the given statement is not true.

15, 8, 8, 8, … are not the total fare for 1, 2, 3, 4, km respectively.

Total fare for Ist km = Rs 15.

Total fare for 2 km = Rs 15 + Rs 8 = Rs 23

Total fare for 3 km = Rs 23 + Rs 8 = Rs 31

Total fare for 4 km = Rs 31 + Rs 8 = Rs 39

∴ Total fare for 1 km, 2 km, 3km, 4km, … are Rs15, Rs 23, Rs 31, Rs 39, … respectively.

Now, d1 = 23 –15 = 8

d2 = 31 – 23 = 8

d3 = 39 – 31 = 8

Hence, the total fare for 1 km, 2 km, 3km, 4km, …from an A.P. as 15, 23, 31, 39, …

But, fare for each km does not form A.P. as 15, 8, 8, 8, …

7. In which of the following situations do the lists of numbers involved form an A.P.?
Give reasons for your answers.

(i) The fee charged from a student every month by a school for the whole session, when
the monthly fee is Rs 400.

(ii) The fee charged every month by a school from classes I to XII, when the monthly fee
for class I is Rs 250, and it increase by Rs 50 for the next higher class.

(iii) The amount of money in the account of Varun at the end of every year when
Rs 1000 is deposited at simple interest of 10% per annum.
(iv) The number of bacteria in a certain food item after each second, when they double
in every second.

Sol. (i) The fee charged from a student every month by a school is ₹400. So, the fee charged
from a student the whole session is 400, 400, 400, 400, … As d1 = d2 = d3 = d12 = 0 so, the series

of numbers is an A.P.

(ii) Fee for Ist class = ₹250

Fee for IInd class = ₹ (250 + 50) = ₹ 300

Fee for IIIrd class = ₹ (300 + 50) = ₹ 350

Fee for IV class = ₹ (350 + 50) = ₹ 400

∴ 250, 300, 350, 400,… is a series consisting of 12 terms.

So, d1= 300 – 250 = ₹ 50, d2 = 350 – 300 = ₹ 50, d3 = 400 – 350 = ₹ 50

d1 = d2 = d3 = ₹ 50

So, the list of numbers 250, 300, 350, 400, … is in A.P.

(iii) ₹100

So, ₹100 is credited at the end of each year in the account of Varun.

Money in the beginning of Ist year (deposited) = ₹ 1000

Money at the end of 1st year when interest credited = 1000 + 100 = ₹ 1100

Money at the end of 2nd year = 1100 + 100 = ₹ 1200

Money at the end of 3rd year = 1200 + 100 = ₹1300

Money at the end 4th year = 1300 + 100 = ₹1400

∴ Amount of money at the end of each year starting initially from Ist year is given by
1000,1100, 1200, 1300, 1400 …
∴ d1 = d2 = d3 = d4 = 100

So, the list of numbers is an A.P.

(iv) Let the number of bacteria present initially = x

Then, the number of bacteria preset after 1 sec = 2(x) = 2x

Number of bacteria present after 2 seconds = 2(2x) = 4x

Number of bacteria present after 3 seconds = 2(4x) = 8x

Number of bacteria present after 4 seconds = 2(8x) = 16x

So, the number of bacteria from starting to end of each second are given by x, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x,
…

Now, d1 = 2x – x = x, d2 = 4x – 2x = 2x

As d1 ≠ d2, so the list of numbers does not from an A.P.

8. Justify whether it is true to say that the following are the nth terms of an A.P.

(i) 2n – 3

(ii) 3n2 + 5

(iii) 1 + n + n2

Sol. (i) an = 2n – 3

∴ a1 = 2(1) – 3 = 2 – 3 = –1,

a2 = 2(2) – 3 = 4 – 3 = 1

a3 = 2(3) – 3 = 6 – 3 = 3,

a4 = 2(4) – 3 = 8 – 3 = 5
So, d1 = 1 – (–1) = 1 + 1 = 2, d2 = 3 – 1 = 2, d3 = 5 – 3 = 2

As d1 = d2 = d3 = 2, hence, an = 2n – 3 is the nth term of an A.P.

(ii) an = 3n2 + 5

a1 = 3(1)2 + 5 = 3 × 1 + 5 = 3 + 5 = 8

a2 = 3(2)2 + 5 = 3 × 4 + 5 = 12 + 5 = 17

a3 = 3(3)2 + 5 = 3 × 9 + 5 = 27 + 5 = 32

a4 = 3(4)2 + 5 = 3 × 16 + 5 = 48 + 5 = 53

a5 = 3(5)2 + 5 = 3 × 25 + 5 = 75 + 5 = 80

∴ d1 = a2 – a1 = 17 – 8 = 9, d2 = a3 – a2 = 32 – 17 = 15

d3 = a4 – a3 = 53 – 32 = 21, d4 = a5 – a4 = 80 – 53 = 27

Since d​1 ≠ d2, so, an = 3n2 + 5 is not the nth term of an A.P.

(iii) an = 1 + n + n2

a1 = 1 + (1) + (1)2 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3

a2 = 1 + (2) + (2)2 = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7

a3 = 1 + (3) + (3)2 = 1 + 3 + 9 = 13

a4 = 1 + (4) + (4)2 = 1 + 4 + 16 = 21

a5 = 1 + (5) + (5)2 = 1 + 5 +25 = 31

So, d1​ = a2 – a1 = 7 – 3 = 4

d2 = a3​ – a2​ = 13 – 7 = 6

d3 = a4 – a3 = 21 – 13 = 8

d4 = a5​ = a4 = 31 – 21 = 10

As d1 ≠ d2, so, an = 1 + n + n2 is not the nth term of an A.P.

 EXERCISE 5.3

1. Match the A.P.s given in column A with suitable common differences given in column
B.

Column A Column B

(B1) 2/3

(B2) –5
(A1) 2, –2, –6, –10, …
(B3) 4
(A2) a = –18, n = 10, an = 0
(B4) –4
(A3) a = 0, a10 = 6
(B5) 2
(A4) a2 = 13, a4 = 3
(B6) 1/2

(B7) 5

Sol. (i) Here, a1 = 2

∴ d1 = –2 – 2 = –4

and d2 = –6 – (–2) = –6 + 2 = –4

Hence, A1 matches to B4.

(ii) Given: an = 0, a = –18, n = 10

Now, an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ 0 = –18 + (10 – 1)d

⇒ –9d = –18

⇒d=2
Hence, A2 matches to B5.

(iii) Given: a = 0, a10 = 6

Now, an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ 6 = 0 + (10 – 1)d

⇒ 9d = 6

⇒d=

⇒d=

Hence, A3 matches to B1.

(iv) a2 = 13 [Given]

∴ a + (2 – 1)d = 13 [ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + d = 13

⇒ a = 13 – d …(i)

Also, a4 = 3 [Given]

∴ a + (4 – 1)d = 3 [ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + 3d = 3

⇒13 – d + 3d = 3 [Using (i)]

⇒ 2d = 3 – 13

⇒ 2d = –10

⇒ d = –5
Hence, A4 matches to B2.

2. Verify that each of the following is an A.P. and then write its next three terms.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv) a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1), …

(v) a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4a + 3, …

Sol. Main concept used: (a) List of numbers will form an A.P. if d1= d2 = d3 …, = d

(b) an + 1 = an + d

(i)

So, the given list of numbers form an A.P.

Now,
So, the next three terms are 1, and .

(ii)

Since, so, the given list of numbers is in A.P.

For next 3 terms, we have

=3

Hence, the nest three terms are and 3.

(iii)
∴ d1 = d2 = verifies that the given list of numbers form an A.P.

For the next three terms, we have

Hence, the next three terms are and .

(iv) a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1), …

d1 = a + 1 + b – (a + b) = a + 1 + b – a – b = 1

d2 = (a + 1) + (b + 1) – [(a + 1) + b] = a + 1 + b + 1 – a – 1 – b = 1

∴ d1 = d2 = 1 verifies that the given list of numbers form an A.P.

For next three terms, we have

a4 = a3 + d = (a + 1) + (b + 1) + 1 = (a + 2) + (b + 1)

a5 = a4 + d = (a + 2) + (b + 1) + 1 = (a + 2) + (b + 2)

a6 = a5 + d = (a + 2) + (b + 2) + 1 = (a + 3) + (b + 2)

(v) a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4a + 3, …

d1 = a2 – a1 = 2a + 1 – a = a + 1

d2 = 3a + 2 – (2a + 1) = 3a + 2 – 2a – 1 = a + 1

d3 = 4a + 3 – (3a + 2) = 4a + 3 – 3a – 2 = a + 1

⇒ d1 = d2 = d3 = a + 1 verifies that the given list of numbers form an A.P.

For next three terms, we have

a5 = a4​ + d = 4a + 3 + a + 1 = 5a + 4

a6 = a5 + d = 5a + 4 + a + 1 = 6a + 5

a7 = a6 + d = 6a + 5 + a + 1 = 7a + 6

Hence, the next three terms are (5a + 4), (6a + 5) and (7a + 6).

3. Write the first three terms of the A.P.s when a and d are as given below.

(i)

(ii) a = –5, d = –3

(iii)

Sol. Main concept used: an = a + (n – 1)d

(i) Here,

We know that

an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒
∴

Hence, the required first three terms are and .

(ii) Here, a = –5, d = –3

We know that

an​ = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ an = –5 + (n – 1)(–3) = –5 – 3n + 3 = –2 – 3n

⇒ an = –(2 + 3n)

∴ a1 = –[2 + 3(1)] = –[2 + 3] = –5

a2 = –[2 + 3 × 2] = –[2 + 6] = –8

a3 = –[2 + 3 × 3] = –[2 + 9] = –11

Hence, the first three terms are –5, –8 and –11.

(iii) Here,

We know that an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒
∴ ,

and

Hence, the first three terms are and .

4. Find a, b and c such that the following numbers are in A.P.: a, 7, b, 23, c.

Sol. We have

d1 = a2 – a​1 = 7 – a

d2 = a3 – a2 = b – 7

d3 = a4 – a3 = 23 – b

d4 = a5 – a4 = c – 23

As list of numbers is in A.P.,

so d1 = d2 = d3 = d4

Now, d2 = d3

⇒ b – 7 = 23 – b

⇒ b + b = 30

⇒ 2b = 30

⇒ b = 15
Now, d2 = d1

⇒b–7=7–a

⇒ 15 – 7 = 7 – a

⇒8=7–a

a = 7 – 8 = –1

Now, d4 = d2

⇒ c – 23 = b – 7

⇒ c = 23 + 15 – 7 = 38 – 7

⇒ c = 31

Hence, a = –1, b = 15 and c = 31.

5. Determine the A.P. whose 5th term is 19 and the difference of the 8th term from the

13th term is 20.

Sol. Main concept used: (i) an = a + (n – 1)d (ii) Solution of linear eqn.

Given: a5 = 19, a13 – a8 = 20

Let us consider an A.P. whose 1st term and common difference are a and d respectively.

a5 = 19 [Given]

⇒ a + (5 – 1)d = 19

⇒ a + 4d = 19 …(i)

Also, a13 – a8 = 20 [Given]

⇒ a + (13 – 1)d – [a + (8 – 1)d] = 20

⇒ a + 12d – [a + 7d] = 20

⇒ a + 12d – a – 7d = 20

⇒ 5d = 20

⇒d=

⇒d=4

Now, a + 4d = 19 [From(i)]

⇒ a + 4 × 4 = 19

⇒ a = 19 – 16 = 3

A.P. is given by a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, …

Hence, the correct required A.P. is 3, 7, 11, 15, …

6. The 26th, 11th and the last term of an A.P. are 0, 3 and respectively. Find the

common difference and the number of terms.

Sol. Consider an A.P. whose first term, common difference and last term are a, d and an

respectively.

Given: a26 = 0, a11 = 3 and an =

a26 = 0 [Given]

⇒ a + (26 – 1)d = 0

⇒ a + 25d = 0 …(i)

a11 = 3 [Given]
⇒ a + (11 – 1)d =3

a + 10d = 3 …(ii)

an =

⇒ a + (n – 1)d = …(iii)

On subtracting eqn. (ii) from eqn. (i), we get

15d = –3

From (ii), a + 10d = 3

⇒a–2=3

⇒a=3+2

⇒a=5

∴ From (iii), a + (n – 1)d =

⇒ 5 + (n – 1) =

Multiplying both sides by 5, we get

⇒ 25 – (n –1) = –1

⇒ 25 + 1 = (n – 1)
⇒ n – 1 = 26

⇒ n = 27

Hence, the common difference and number of terms in the A.P. are and 27 respectively.

7. The sum of the 5th and the 7th terms of an A.P. is 52, and the 10th term is 46. Find the
A.P.

Sol. Consider an A.P. whose 1st term and common difference are a and d respectively.
According to the question,

a5 + a7 = 52

⇒ a + (5 – 1)d + a + (7 – 1)d = 52 [ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ 2a + 4d + 6d = 52

⇒ 2a + 10d = 52

⇒ a + 5d = 26 …(i)

Also, a10 = 46 [Given]

⇒ a + (10 – 1)d = 46

⇒ a + 9d = 46 …(ii)

⇒ d= 5
Now, a + 5d = 26 [From (i)]

⇒ a + 5 × 5 = 26

⇒ a = 26 – 25

⇒a=1

A.P. is given by a, a + d, a + 2d, …

Hence, the required A.P. is given by 1, 6, 11, 16, …

8. Find the 20th term of an A.P. whose 7th term is 24 less than the 11th term, first term
being 12.

Sol. Consider an A.P. whose first term and common difference are ‘a’ and ‘d’ respectively.

According to the question, we have

a7 = a11 – 24

⇒ a + (7 – 1)d + 24 = a + (11 – 1)d [ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + 6d + 24 – a = 10d

⇒ 6d – 10d = –24

⇒ –4d = –24

Now, an = a + (n – 1)d

∴ a20 = 12 + (20 – 1)6 [ n = 20, a = 12, d = 6]

= 12 + 19 × 6 = 12 + 114

⇒ a20 = 126
Hence, the 20th term of the A.P. is 126.

9. If the 9th term of an A.P. is zero, prove that its 29th term is twice its 19th term.

Sol. Consider an A.P. whose first term and common difference are ‘a’ and ‘d’ respectively.

a9 = 0 [Given]

∴ a + (9 – 1)d = 0 [ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + 8d = 0

⇒ a = –8d …(i)

We have to prove that a29 = 2a19

So, a29 = a + (29 – 1)d

= –8d + 28d [Using equation (i)]

⇒ a29 = 20d …(ii)

Now, a19 = a + (19 – 1)d

⇒ a19 = –8d + 18d [Using (i)]

⇒ a19 = 10d

But, a29 = 20d [From (ii)]

= 2 × 10d

= 2 × a19 [₹ a19 = 10d]

= 2a19

∴ a29 = 2a19​
Hence, the 29th term is twice the 19th term in the given A.P.

10. Find whether 55 is a term of the A.P.: 7, 10, 13, … or not. If yes, find which term it is.

Sol. Main concept used: 55 will be nth term of the given A.P. if value of n is a natural
number.

Here, a = 7, d = 10 – 7 = 3

Let 55 be the nth term of the given A.P.

∴ an = 55 [assumed]

⇒ 7 + (n – 1)3 = 55 [₹ an = a +(n – 1)d]

⇒ (n – 1)3 = 55 – 7

⇒ (n – 1) =

⇒ n – 1 = 16

⇒ n = 17, which is a natural number

Hence, 55 is the 17th term of the given A.P.

11. Determine k so that (K2 + 4k + 8), (2k2 + 3k + 6) and 3k2 + 4k + 4 are three consecutive
terms of an A.P.

Sol. Main concept used: Given numbers will be in A.P. if d1 = d2 = d

Here, d1 = a2 – a1​ = 2k2 + 3k + 6 – (k2 + 4k + 8)

= 2k2 + 3k + 6 – k2 – 4k – 8

⇒ d1 = k2 – k – 2
Now, d2 = a3 – a2 = 3k2 + 4k + 4 – (2k2 + 3k + 6)

= 3k2 + 4k + 4 – 2k2 – 3k – 6

= 3k2 – 2k2 + 4k – 3k – 6 + 4

⇒ d2 = k2 + k – 2

As the given terms are in A.P.

∴ d2 = d1

⇒ k2 + k – 2 = k2 – k – 2

⇒ 2k = –2 + 2

⇒ 2k = 0

⇒k=

⇒k=0

Hence, for k = 0, the given sequence of numbers will be in A.P.

12. Split 207 into three parts such that these are in A.P. and the product of the two
smaller parts is 4623.

Sol. Main concept used: If the sum of three consecutive terms of an AP is given so terms can
be considered as (a – d), a, (a + d).

∴ Consider an A.P. whose three consecutive terms are (a – d), a, (a + d).

According to the question,

(a – d) + a + (a + d) = 207

⇒ 3a = 207
⇒a=

⇒ a = 69

Also, (a – d)(a) = 4623

⇒ (69 – d)69 = 4623 [₹ a = 69]

⇒ 69 – d =

⇒ 69 – d = 67

⇒ d = 69 – 67

⇒d=2

So, A.P. = (a – d), a, (a + d)

= (69 – 2), 69, (69 + 2)

= 67, 69, 71

Hence, 207 can be divided into 67, 69, 71 which form three terms of an A.P.

13. The angles of a triangle are in A.P. The greatest angle is twice the least. Find all the
angles of the triangle.

Sol. Main concept used: (i) Sum of interior angles of a triangle is 180°. (ii) So, 180° is divided
into three parts which are in A.P. Hence, the terms of A.P. are (a – d), a, (a + d).

∴ a – d + a + a + d = 180° [Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ 3a = 180°

⇒a= = 60°

Also, the greatest angle is twice of the smallest. [Given]

⇒ a + d = 2(a – d)

⇒ a + d = 2a – 2d

⇒ a + d – 2a + 2d = 0

⇒ –a + 3d = 0

⇒ 3d = a

⇒d= [₹ a = 60°]

⇒ d = 20°

∴ Required parts are a – d, a, a + d

= 60° – 20°, 60°, 60° + 20°

= 40°, 60°, 80°

Hence, the angles of the triangle are 40°, 60° and 80°.

14. If nth terms of two A.P.s: 9, 7, 5, … and 24, 21, 18, … are same, then find the values of
n Also find that term.

Sol. First A.P. is 9, 7, 5, …

Here, a​1 = 9, d = 7 – 9 = –2

Now, an = a + (n – 1)d

= 9 + (n – 1)(–2) = 9 – 2(n – 1)

= 9 – 2n + 2

⇒ an = 11 – 2n

second A.P. is 24, 21, 18, …

Here,

⇒ = 24 + (n – 1) (–3)

⇒ = 24 – 3n + 3

⇒ = 27 – 3n

According to the question, we have

an =

⇒ 11 – 2n = 27 – 3n

⇒ 3n – 2n = 27 – 11

⇒ n = 16

So, 16th term of Ist A.P., i.e., a16 = a1 + (n – 1)d

⇒ a16 = 9 + (16 – 1) (–2)

= 9 – 2 × 15 = 9 – 30

a16 = –21

16th term of IInd A.P., i.e.,

⇒ = 24 + (16 – 1) (–3)

= 24 – 15 × 3 = 24 – 45

⇒ = –21

Hence, the 16th terms of both A.P.s are equal to – 21.

15. If the sum of 3rd and the 8th terms of an A.P. is 7 and the sum of 7th and 14th terms
is –3, find the 10th term.

Sol. Consider an A.P. whose 1st term and common difference are a and d, respectively.

According to the question,

a3 + a8 = 7 [Given]

⇒ a + (3 – 1)d + a + (8 – 1)d = 7 [₹ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + 2d + a + 7d = 7

⇒ 2a + 9d = 7 …(i)

Also, a7 + a14 = –3 [Given]

⇒ a + (7 – 1)d + a + (14 – 1)d = –3

⇒ a + 6d + a + 13d = –3

⇒ 2a + 19d = –3 …(ii)

Now, subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

⇒ d = –1

Now, 2a + 9d = 7 [Using (i)]

⇒ 2a + 9(–1) = 7

⇒ 2a = 7 + 9
⇒a=

⇒a=8

∴ a10 = a + (10 – 1)d = 8 + 9(–1)

⇒ a10 = –1

Hence, the 10th term of A.P. is –1.

16. Find the 12th term from the end of the A.P.: –2, –4, –6, …, –100.

Sol. Main concept used: To find the term from end, consider the given A.P. in reverse order
and find the term. i.e., –100, … –6, –4, –2.

Now, a = –100

d = an + 1 – a​n = –4 – (–6) = –4 + 6 = 2

∴ n = 12

⇒ an = a + (n – 1)d

a12 = –100 + (12 – 1) (2)

= –100 + 11 × 2 = –100 + 22

⇒ a12 = –78

Hence, the 12th term from the last of A.P. –2, –4, –6, … –100 is –78.

17. Which term of the A.P.: 53, 48, 43, … is the first negative term ?

Sol. Given A.P. is 53, 48, 43, …

∴ a = 53, d = 48 – 53 = –5

Let the nth term of A.P. is the first negative term.

Then, an < 0

⇒ a + (n – 1)d < 0

⇒ 53 + (n – 1) (–5) < 0

⇒ –5(n – 1) < –53

⇒ 5(n – 1) > 53

⇒ 5n – 5 > 53

⇒ 5n > 53 + 5

⇒n>

⇒ n > 11.6

∴ n = 12

Hence, the first negative term of A.P. is 12th term, i.e.,

a12​ = a+ (n – 1)d

= 53 + (12 – 1)(–5) = 53 – 5 × 11

= 53 – 55 = –2

18. How many numbers lie between 10 and 300, which when divided by 4 leave a
remainder 3 ?

Sol. Main concept used: Find the least and the largest required number between 10 and 300
and make an A.P.

The least number between 10 and 300 which leaves remainder 3 after dividing by 4 is 11. The
largest number between 10 and 300 which leaves remainder 3 on dividing by 4 is 296 + 3 =
299.

So, Ist term or number = 11, IInd term or number = 15

IIIrd term or number = 19, last term or number = 299

∴ A.P. becomes 11, 15, 19, …, 299

Here, an = 299, a = 11, d = 15 – 11 = 4, n = ?

Now, a + (n – 1)d = 299

⇒ 11 + (n – 1)4 = 299

⇒ (n – 1)4 = 299 – 11

⇒n–1=

⇒ n = 72 + 1

⇒ n = 73

Hence, the required numbers between 10 and 300, which when divided by 4 leave a
remainder 3 are 73.

19. Find the sum of the two middle most terms of an A.P.

Sol. Main concept used: (i) Finding the number of terms, i.e., n (ii) median of n.

Given A.P. is

Here, a = ,

And,
⇒ a + (n – 1)d =

⇒ –4 + (n – 1) = 13

⇒ n – 1 = 13 + 4

⇒ n = 17 + 1

⇒ n = 18

So, the middle most terms in 18 terms = th and th + 1

= 9th and 10th terms are middle most

So, the required sum = a9 + a10

= a + (9 – 1)d + a + (10 – 1)d

= 2a + 8d + 9d = 2a + 17d

Hence, the sum of two middle most terms, i.e., a9 + a10 = 3.

20. The first term of an A.P. is –5 and last term is 45. If the sum of the terms of the A.P. is
120, then find the number of terms and the common difference.

Sol. Let us consider an A.P. whose first term and common difference are a and d
respectively.
Here, a = –5, an = 45, Sn = 120

Now,

⇒ [an = last term]

⇒n=6

Hence, the number of terms = 6

Now, an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ 45 = –5 + (6 – 1)d

⇒ 45 + 5 = 5d

⇒ 5d = 50

⇒ d = 10

Hence, the common difference and the number of terms in A.P. are 10 and 6 respectively.

21. Find the sum:

(i) 1 + (–2) + (–5) + (–8) + … + (–236)

(ii) … up to n terms

(iii) … up to 11 terms.

Sol. (i) From the given series,

a = 1, an = –236

d1 = –2 – 1 = –3,

d2 = –5 – (–2) = –5 + 2 = –3,

d3 = –8 – (–5) = –8 + 5 = –3

∴ d = d1 = d2 = d3 = –3

Now, a + (n – 1)d = an

⇒1 + (n – 1) (–3) = –236

⇒ –3(n – 1) = –236 – 1

⇒ –3 (n – 1) = –237

⇒ –(n – 1) =

⇒ n – 1 = +79

⇒ n = 79 + 1

⇒ n = 80

Now,

= 40[–235] = –9400
Hence, the sum of all terms = –9400

(ii) From the given series, we have

and n = n

Now,

(iii) From the given series, we have

a(1st term) = n = 11
⇒

Now,

22. Which term of the A.P., –2, –7, –12, … will be –77 ? Find the sum of this A.P. upto the
term –77.

Sol. Given A.P. is –2, –7, –12, … –77

Here, a = –2, an = – 77

d1 = –7 – (–2) = –7 + 2 = –5

d2 = –12 – (–7) = –12 + 7 = –5

Now an = –77
⇒ a + (n – 1)d = –77

⇒ –2 + (n – 1)(–5) = –77

⇒ –[2+ (n – 1)5] = –77

⇒ (2 + 5n – 5) = 77

⇒ 5n – 3 = 77

⇒ 5n = 77 + 3

⇒ n = 16

So, the 16th term will be –77.

Now, Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ S16 = [2 (–2) + (16 – 1)(–5)]

=8[–4 – 15 × 5] = 8[–4 – 75]

= 8[–79] = –632

Hence, the sum of the given A.P. upto the term –77 is –632.

23. If an = 3 – 4n, then show that a1, a2, a3, … from an A.P. Also find S20.

Sol. an = 3 – 4n [Given]

∴ a1 = 3 – 4(1) = 3 – 4 = –1

a2 = 3 – 4(2) = 3 – 8 = –5

a3​ = 3 – 4(3) = 3 – 12 = –9
a4 = 3 – 4(4) = 3 – 16 = –13

Now, d1 = a2 – a1 = –5 – (–1) = –5 + 1 = –4

d2 = a3 – a2 = –9 – (–5) = –9 + 5 = –4

d3 = a4 – a3 = –13 – (–9) = –13 + 9 = –4

As d1 = d2 = d3 = –4 so a1, a​2, a3 … an are in A.P.

So, a = –1, d = –4, n = 20

Now, Sn​ = [2a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ S20 = [2 × (–1) + (20 – 1)(–4)]

= 10[–2 – 76] = 10[–78]

⇒ S20 = –780

Hence, a1, a2, a3, … an are in A.P. and S20 = –780.

24. In an A.P., if Sn = n(4n + 1) then find the A.P.

Sol. Main concept used: a1 = S1, a2 = S2 – S1, a3 = S3 – S2

Sn = n(4n + 1) = 4n2 + n [Given]

a n = Sn – Sn – 1

⇒ an = [4n2 + n] – [4(n – 1)2 + (n – 1)]

= 4n2 + n – [4(n2 + 1 – 2n) + n – 1]

= 4n2 + n – [4n2 + 4 – 8n + n – 1]

= 4n2 + n – [4n2 – 7n + 3]

= 4n2 + n – 4n2 + 7n – 3

⇒ an = 8n – 3

∴ a1 = 8(1) – 3 = 8 – 3 = 5

a2 = 8(2) – 3 = 16 – 3 = 13

a3 = 8(3) – 3 = 24 – 3 = 21

a4 = 8(4) – 3 = 32 – 3 = 29

Hence, the required A.P. is 5, 13, 21, 29, …

25. In an A.P. if Sn = 3n2 + 5n and ak = 164, then find the value of k.

Sol. Main concept used: an = Sn – Sn – 1

Sn = 3n2 + 5n

∴ Sn – 1 = 3(n – 1)2 + 5(n – 1)

⇒ Sn – 1 = 3(n2 + 1 – 2n) + 5n – 5

=3n2 + 3 – 6n + 5n – 5

⇒ Sn – 1 = 3n2 – n – 2

Now, an = Sn – Sn – 1

⇒ an = 3n2 + 5n – (3n2 – n – 2)
⇒ an = 3n2 + 5n – 3n2 + n + 2

⇒ an = 6n + 2

⇒ ak = 6k + 2

⇒164 = 6k +2

⇒ 6k = 164 – 2

⇒k=

⇒ k = 27

26. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P., prove that S12 = 3(S8 – S4).

Sol. Consider an A.P. whose first term and common difference are ‘a’ and ‘d’ respectively.

Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ S12 = [2a + (12 – 1)d]

⇒ S12​ = 6[2a + 11d] …(i)

and S8 = [2a +(8 – 1)d]

⇒ S8 = 4[2a + 7d] …(ii)

and S4 = [2a + (4 – 1)d]

⇒ S4 = 2[2a + 3d] …(iii)

Now, 3(S8 – S4) = 3[4(2a + 7d) – 2(2a + 3d)] [Using eqns. (ii) and (iii)]
= 3[8a + 28d – 4a – 6d]

= 3[4a + 22d]

= 3 × 2[2a + 11d]

= 6[2a + 11d] = S12 [Using eqn. (i)]

∴ RHS = LHS

Hence, proved.

27. Find the sum of first 17 terms of an A.P. whose 4th and 9th terms are –15, and –30
respectively.

Sol. a4 = –15, a9 = –30, S17 = ?

Consider an A.P. whose 1st term and common difference are a and d respectively.

a4 = –15 [Given]

⇒ a + (4 – 1)d = –15 [₹ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + 3d = –15 …(i)

Also, a9 = –30 [Given]

⇒ a + (9 – 1)d = –30 [₹ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + 8d = –30 …(ii)

Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

⇒d= = –3

Now, a + 3d = –15 [From (i)]

⇒ a + 3(–3) = –15

⇒ a = –15 + 9

⇒ a = –6

S17 = ?

We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ S17 = [2(–6) + (17 – 1)(–3)]

= [–12 + 16(–3)] = [–12 – 48]

= (–60) = –17 × 30

⇒ S17 = –510

28. If sum of first 6 terms of an A.P. is 36 and that of the first 16 terms is 256, find the
sun of the first 10 terms.

Sol. Consider the A.P. whose first term and common difference are ‘a’ and ‘d’ respectively.

S6 = 36 [Given]

∴ [2a + (6 – 1)d] = 36

⇒ 2a + 5d =
⇒ 2a + 5d = 12 …(i)

Also, S16 = 256 [Given]

⇒ [2a + (16 – 1)d] = 256

⇒ 2a + 15d =

⇒ 2a + 15d = 32 …(ii)

Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

⇒d=2

Now, 2a + 5d = 12 [From (i)]

⇒ 2a + 5(2) = 12

⇒ 2a = 12 – 10

⇒a=

⇒a=1

So, S10 = [2a + (10 – 1)d]

= 5[2(1) + 9(2)]

= 5[2 + 18]

= 5[20]
= 100

⇒ S10 = 100

Hence, the sum of first 10 terms is 100.

29. Find the sum of all the 11 terms of an A.P. whose middle most term is 30.

Sol. Number of terms are 11, so n = 11

Middle term = = 6th term

Also, middle term = 30 [Given]

∴ a6 = 30 [Given]

⇒ a + (6 – 1)d = 30 [₹ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + 5d = 30 …(i)

∵ Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ S11 = [2a + (11 – 1)d]

= [2a + 10d]

= [a + 5d]

= 11 × 30 [Using (i)]

⇒ S11 = 330

Hence, the sum of all 11 terms is 330.

30. Find the sum of last 10 terms of the A.P. 8, 10, 12, ..., 126.

Sol. To find out the sum of last 10 terms, we will reverse the order of the given A.P. and get
126, …, 12, 10, 8

So, a = 126, d = 10 – 12 = –2, n = 10

∴ S10 = [2(126) + (10 – 1) (–2)]

= 5[252 + 9(–2)] = 5[252 – 18]

= 5 × 234

⇒ S10 = 1170

Hence, the sum of 10 terms from the end of A.P. 8, 10, 12, …, 126 is 1170.

31. Find the sum of first seven numbers which are multiples of 2 as well as of 9. [Hint:
Take the L.C.M. of 2 and 9]

Sol. The numbers which are multiples of 2 as well as of 9 are 18, 36, 54, …upto 7 terms

So, n = 7, a = 18, d = 36 – 18 = 18

∴ S7 = [2(18) + (7 – 1)(18)]

= [2 + 6]

= 7 × 9 × 8 = 7 × 72

⇒ S7 = 504

Hence, the sum of first 7 numbers which are multiple of 2 as well as 9, i.e., multiples of 18 is
504.
32. How many terms of the A.P.: –15, –13, –11, … are needed to make the sum –55 ?
Explain the reason for double answer.

Sol. Given A.P. is –15, –13, –11, …

∴ Sn = –55, a = –15, n = ?

d = –13 – (–15) = –13 + 15 = 2

⇒d=2

But Sn = –55

⇒ [2a + (n – 1)d] = –55

⇒ n[2(–15) + (n – 1)(2)] = –55 × 2

⇒ n[–30 + 2(n – 1)] = –110

⇒ n[–30 + 2n – 2] + 110 = 0

⇒ –30n + 2n2 – 2n + 110 = 0

⇒ 2n2 – 32n + 110 = 0

⇒ n2 – 16n + 55 = 0

⇒ n2 – 11n – 5n + 55 = 0

⇒ n(n – 11) –5(n – 11) = 0

⇒ (n – 11)(n – 5) = 0

⇒ n – 11 = 0 or n – 5 = 0

⇒ n = 11 or n = 5

So, 5 or 11 terms of A.P. are needed to make the sum – 55.

Explanation :

Now

33. The sum of first n terms of an A.P. whose first terms is 8 and the common difference
is 20 is equal to the sum of first 2n terms of another A.P. whose first term is –30, and the
common difference is 8. Find n.

Sol. For AP I

a = 8, d = 20

For AP II

a’ = –30, d’ = 8

According to the question, Sn = S’2n

⇒ [2a + (n – 1)d] = [2a’ + (2n – 1)d’]

⇒ [2(8) + (n – 1)20] = 2[2(–30) + (2n – 1)8]

⇒ 2 × 8 + n × 20 – 20 = 2[–60 + 16n – 8]

⇒ 16 + 20n – 20 = 2[–68 + 16n]

⇒ 20n – 4 = –136 + 32n

⇒ –32n + 20n = –136 + 4

⇒ –12n = –132

⇒n= = 11

Hence, the required value of n is 11.

34. Kanika was given her pocket money on Jan. 1, 2008. She puts ₹ 1 on day 1, ₹ 2 on day
2, ₹ 3 on day 3, and continued doing so till the end of the month, from this money into
her piggy bank. She also spent ₹ 204 of her pocket money, and found that at the end of
the month she still had ₹ 100 with her. How much was her pocket money for the month
?

Sol. Let the pocket money of Kanika for the month be ₹ x.

Out of x, the money which she deposited in piggy bank and spent = ₹ 204

Money put in piggy bank from Jan. 1 to Jan. 31 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + 31

So, a = 1, d = 1, n = 31

Now, S31 = [2(1) + (31 – 1) (1)]

= [2 + 30]

⇒ S31 = = 31 × 16 ⇒ S31 = 496

∴ Money deposited in piggy bank = ₹ 496

Money spent = ₹ 204

Money which she still have = ₹ 100

∴ x – 496 – 204 = 100

⇒ x = 100 + 496 + 204 = 800

Hence, her monthly pocket money is ₹ 800.

35. Yasmeen saves ₹ 32 during the first month, ₹ 36 in the second month and ₹ 40 in 3rd
month. if she continues to save in this manner, in how many months will she save ₹
2000 ?

Sol. During I months, savings of Yasmeen = ₹32

During II month, savings of Yasmeen = ₹ 36

During III month, savings of Yasmeen = ₹ 40

During IV month, savings of Yasmeen = ₹ 44

Total savings = Rs. 2000

∴ 32 + 36 + 40 + 44 + … = 2000

Also, a = 32, d = 36 – 32 = 4

Now, Sn = 2000

⇒ [2a + (n – 1)d] = 2000

⇒ n[2(32) + (n – 1)4] = 2000 × 2

⇒ n[64 + 4n – 4] = 4000

⇒ n[4n + 60] = 4000

⇒ 4n[n + 15] = 4000

⇒ n[n + 15] =

⇒ n2 + 15n – 1000 = 0

⇒ n2 + 40n – 25n – 1000 = 0

⇒ n[n + 40] – 25[n + 40] = 0

⇒ (n + 40)(n – 25) = 0

⇒ n + 40 = 0 or n – 25 = 0

⇒ n = –40 or n = 25

Since n cannot be negative.

∴ Rejecting n = –40, we have n = 25.

Hence, in 25 months she saves ₹ 2000.

 EXERCISE 5.4

1. The sum of the first five terms of an A.P. and the sum of the first seven terms of the
same A.P. is 167. If the sum of the first ten terms of this A.P. is 235, find the sum of its
first twenty terms.

Sol. Consider an A.P. whose first term and the common difference are a and d respectively.

According to the question:

S5 + S7 = 167 [Given]

⇒ [2a + (5 – 1)d] + [2a + (7 – 1)d] = 167

⇒ 5{2a + 4a} + 7{2a + 6d} = 167 × 2

On multiplying both sides by , we get

[10a + 20d + 14a + 42d] = 167

⇒ [24a + 62d] = 167

⇒ × 2[12a + 31d] = 167

⇒ 12a + 31d = 167 …(i)

Also, s10 = 235 [Given]

⇒ [2a + (10 – 1)d] = 235

⇒ 5[2a + 9d] = 235

⇒ 2a + 9d =

⇒ 2a + 9d = 47 …(ii)

Multiplying (ii) by 6, we have

12a+ 54d = 282 …(iii)

Now, subtracting (i) from (iii), we get

⇒d=

⇒d=5

Now, 2a + 9d = 47 [From (ii)]

⇒ 2a + 9 × 5 = 47

⇒ 2a = 47 – 45

⇒ 2a = 2

⇒a=1

∴ S20 = [2a + (20 – 1)d ]

= 10[2 × (1) + 19(5)] = 10[2 + 95] = 10 × 97

⇒ S20 = 970
Hence, the sum of first twenty terms is 970.

2. Find the

(i) sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.

(ii) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.

(iii) sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 or 5.

[Hint (iii) : These numbers will be: multiples of 2+ multiples of 5 – multiples of 2 as well
as of 5.]

Sol. (i) Integers which are multiples of 2 as well as 5 are multiples of 10, i.e., 10, 20, 30,…, 490.

[Between 1 and 500]

∴ a = 10, d = 10, an = 490

Now, an = 490 [₹ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ a + (n – 1)d = 490

⇒ 10 + (n – 1)10 = 490

⇒ 1 + (n – 1) =

⇒ n = 49

₹ Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

∴ S49 = [2 × 10 + (49 – 1)10]

= × 10[2 + 48] = 49 × 5 × 50

⇒ S49 = 12250
(ii) Multiple of 2 as well as of 5 are multiples of 2 × 5 = 10. Multiples of 10 from (not between)
1 to 500 are 10, 20, 30, 40, …, 500.

∴ a = 10, d = 10, an = 500

Now, an = a + (n – 1)d = 500

⇒10 + (n – 1)10 = 500

⇒1 + n – 1 = 50

⇒ n = 50

So, S50 = [2 × 10 + (50 – 1)10]

= [2 × 49] = 50 × 5 × 51

⇒ S50 = 12750

(iii) Sum of integers which are multiples of 2 or 5 = Sum of integers which are multiples of 2
+ Sum of integers Which are multiples of 5 – Sum of integers which are multiples of 10

= (2 + 4 + 6 + … + 500) + (5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + … + 500) – (10 + 20 + 30+ … + 500)

= S1 + S2 – S3

For S1 = 2 + 4 + 6 … + 500, we have

a = 2, d = 2, an = 500

∴ a + (n – 1)d = 500

⇒ 2 + (n – 1)2 = 500

⇒ 2[1 + (n – 1)] = 500

⇒ 2n = 500
⇒ n = 250

∴ S1 = S250

⇒ S1 = S250 = [2 × 2 + (250 – 1) (2)]

= 125[4 + 249 × 2]

⇒ S1 = 125 [4 + 498]

⇒ S1 = 125 × 502 = 62750

For S2= 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + … + 500, we have

a = 5, d = 5, an = 500

∴ a + (n – 1)d = 500

⇒ 5 + (n – 1)5 = 500

⇒ 5[1 + n – 1] = 500

⇒ n = 100

∴ S2 = S100

⇒ S2 = S100 = [2a + (n – 1)d]

= 50[2(5) + (100 – 1)5] = 50[10 + 99 × 5]

= 50[10 + 495] = 50 × 505

⇒ S2 = 25250

For s3 = 10 + 20 + 30 + … 500, we have

a = 10, d = 10, an = 500

∴ a + (n – 1)d = 500 [₹ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ 10 + (n – 1)10 = 500

⇒ 10[1 + n – 1] = 500

⇒n= = 50

Now, S3 = S50 = [2a + (n – 1)d]

= 25[2(10) + (50 – 1)10]

= 25[20 + 490]

= 25 × 510

⇒ S3 = 12750

Hence, the sum of the required integers = S1 + S2 – S3

= 62750 + 25250 – 12750

= 88000 – 12750 = 75250

3. The 8th term of an A.P. is half its second term and 11th term exceeds one third of its
fourth term by 1. Find the 15th term.

Sol. Consider the first term and the common difference as a and d respectively.

a8 = a2 [Given]

⇒ a + (8 – 1)d = [a + (2 – 1)d [₹ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ 2(a + 7d) = a + d

⇒ 2a + 14d – a – d = 0
⇒ a + 13d = 0 …(i)

Now, a11​ = a4 + 1 [Given]

⇒ a + (11 – 1)d = [a + (4 – 1)d] + 1

⇒ (a + 10d) = (a + 3d) + 1

⇒ 3(a +10d) = a + 3d + 3

⇒ 3a + 30d – a – 3d = 3

⇒ 2a + 27d = 3 (ii)

Multiplying (i) by 2, we have

2a + 26d = 0 (iii)

Now, subtracting (iii) from (ii), we get

Now, a + 13d = 0 [From (i)]

⇒ a + 13 × 3 = 0

⇒ a = –39

Now, we know that an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ a15 = –39 + (15 – 1)3

= –39 + 14 × 3
= –39 + 42

⇒ a15 = 3

4. An A.P. consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three middle most terms is 225 and the
sum of the last three is 429. Find the A.P.

Sol. Consider an A.P. whose first term and common difference are ‘a’ and ‘d’ respectively.

Total terms = 37

The middle most term = = 19th term

So, the sum of the three middle most terms = a18 + a19​ + a20

= a + (18 – 1)d + a + (19 – 1)d + a + (20 – 1)d

= 3a + 17d + 18d + 19d

⇒ 225 = 3a + 54d

⇒ a + 18d = 75 …(i)

The sum of the last three terms = a37 + a36 + a35​ = 429 [Given]

= a + (37 – 1)d + a + (36 – 1)d + a + (35 – 1)d = 429

⇒ 3a + 36d + 35d + 34d = 429

⇒ 3a + 105d = 429

⇒ a + 35d = 143 …(ii)

Now, subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

⇒d=4

Now, a + 18d = 75 [Using (i)]

⇒ a + 18 × 4 = 75

⇒ a = 75 – 72 = 3

∴ a = 3 and d = 4

Hence, the required A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d… = 3, 7, 11, 15, …

5. Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200 that are (i) divisible by 9(ii) not
divisible by 9.

[Hint (ii): These numbers will be: Total numbers – Total numbers divisible by 9.]

Sol. (i) Number between 100 – 200 divisible by 9 are 108, 117, 126, … 198

Here, a = 108, d = 117 – 108 = 9 and an = 198

⇒ a + (n – 1)d = 198 [an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ 108 + (n – 1)9 = 198

⇒ 9[12 + n – 1] = 198

⇒ 11 + n =

⇒ n = 22 – 11

⇒ n = 11
Now, S​n = [2a+ (n – 1)d]

⇒ S11 = [2(108) + (11 – 1) (9)]

= [216 + 99 – 9]

= [216 + 90]

= × 306

= 11 x 153

⇒ S11 = 1683

(ii) Numbers between 100 and 200 = 101, 102, 103, … 199

Here, a = 101, d = 1, an = 199

⇒ a + (n – 1)d = 199

⇒ 101 + (n – 1)(1) = 199

⇒ (n – 1) = 199 – 101 = 98

⇒ n = 99

Now, S99 = [2 × 101 + (99 – 1)(1)]

= [202 + 98] = × 300 = 99 × 150 = 14850

So, the sum of integers between 100 and 200 which are not divisible by 9 = 14850 – 1683 =
13167.
6. The ratio of the 11th term to the 18th term of an A.P. is 2 : 3. Find the ratio of the 5th
term to the 21st term, and also the ratio of the sum of the first five terms to the sum of
the first 21 terms.

Sol. Consider an A.P. whose first term and common difference are a and d respectively.

a11 : a18 = 2 : 3 [Given]

⇒ [ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ 3a + 30d = 2a + 34d

⇒ 3a – 2a = 34d – 30d

⇒ a = 4d

To find:

∴ a5 : a21 = 1 : 3

Now,

∴ S5 : S21 = 5 : 49

7. Show that the sum of an A.P. whose first term is a, the second term b and the last

term c, is equal to
Sol. Here, a (1st term) = a, d = (b – a), an = c

As an = c

⇒ a + (n – 1)d = c [₹ an = a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ (n – 1) (b – a) = c – a

⇒ (n – 1) =

⇒ …(I)

Now, Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

[Using (i)]

Hence proved.

8. Solve the equation – 4 + (–1) + 2 + … + x = 437.

Sol. Given series is –4 + (–1) + 2 + … + x

So, d1 = –1 – (–4) = –1 + 4 = 3, d2 = 2 – (–1) = 2 + 1 = 3

∴ Given list of numbers are in A.P. [₹ d = d1 = d2 = 3]

Here, a = –4 and an = x

As an = x

⇒ a + (n – 1)d = x [₹ an = a +(n – 1)d]

⇒ –4 + (n – 1)(3) = x

⇒ (n – 1)3 = x + 4

⇒ (n – 1) =

⇒ …(i)

∴ Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ Sn = [Using (i)]

[–8 + x + 4]

⇒ Sn =

But, Sn = 437 ⇒ = 437

⇒ x2 + 3x – 28 = 437 × 6
⇒ x2 + 3x – 28 – 2622 = 0

⇒ x2 + 3x – 2650 = 0

⇒ x2 + 53x – 50x – 2650 = 0

⇒ x(x + 53) – 50(x + 53) = 0

⇒ (x + 53) (x – 50) = 0

⇒ x = –53 or x = 50

Rejecting the negative value x = –53, we have x = 50.

So, x = 50 is the required value as forward terms are positive.

9. Jaspal Singh repays his total loan of ₹ 118000 by paying every month starting with the
first instalment of ₹ 1000. If he increases the instalment by ₹ 100 every month, what
amount will be paid by him in the 30th instalment ? What amount of loan does he still
have to pay after the 30th instalment ?

Sol. Monthly instalment paid by Jaspal Singh are 1000, 1100, 1200, … 30 terms

∴ a = 1000, d = 100, an = ?, n = 30

⇒ an = a + (n – 1)d = 1000 + (30 – 1) 100

= 100[10 + 29] = 3900

So, the amount paid by him in 30th instalment = ₹ 3900.

Total amount of all 30 instalments paid = 1000 + 1100 + 1200 + … + 3900

Here, a = 1000, d = 100, n = 30

∴ Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
⇒ S​30 = [2 × 1000 + (30 – 1)100]

= 15 [2000 + 2900]

⇒ S30 = 15 × 4900 = ₹ 73500

So, the loan amount left after 30th instalment = ₹ 118000 – ₹73500 = ₹ 44500

Hence, he still has to pay ₹44500 after 30th instalment.

10. The students of a school decided to beautify the school on the Annual Day by fixing
colourful flags on the straight passage of the school. They have 27 flags to be fixed at
intervals of every 2 m. The flags are stored at the position of the middle most flag.
Ruchi was given the responsibility of placing the flags.

Ruchi kept her books where the flags were stored. She could carry only one flag at a
time. How much distance did she cover in completing this job and returning back to
collect her books ? What is the maximum distance she travelled carrying a flag ?

Sol. 27 flags are to be fixed at intervals of 2 m.

Position of the middle most flag = th flag = th flag = 14th flag

This means that 13 flags are to be fixed before the middle most 14th flag and 13 flags are to
be fixed after the 14th flag.

Distance between flags = 2m

Distance covered in placing the first flag = 2 + 2 = 4 m

Distance covered to place the 2nd flag = 4 + 4 = 8 m

Distance covered to place the 3rd flag = 6 + 6 = 12 m

So, the total distance covered to place 13 flags on either side is given by

S13 = 4 + 8 + 12 + … 13 terms
Here, a = 4, d = 4, n = 13

∴ Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

⇒ S13 = [2(4) + (13 – 1)(4)]

= [8 + 48] = × 56 = 13 × 28

⇒ S13 = 364

Distance covered by Ruchi for other side 13 flags = 364 m

Hence, the total distance to place 27 flag and pickup her books = 364 × 2 = 728 m

Maximum distance which she travelled carrying a flag = Distance covered in fixing Ist or
27th flag = (13 × 2) m = 26 m.