Module 6 Practicals
6.1.2.
conduct an investigation to demonstrate the preparation and use of indicators as illustrators of the
characteristics and properties of acids and bases and their reversible reactions (ACSCH101)
Method Justification
1. Prepare red cabbage indicator by boiling roughly Purple cabbage can be used to create a natural indicator.
slice red cabbage in a beaker with 500mL distilled Weak acid in the purple cabbage that is an indicator can
water over a bunsen burner and allow purple leach out into the water
solution to cool to room temperature
2. Strain solution into a beaker to remove cabbage Separate liquid from solid
from solution
3. Place 5mL of distilled water into a test tube Control
(control).
4. Place 5mL of each of the following into separate, Range of strong and weak + diprotic acids and bases,
labelled test tubes labelled as both are clear solutions and for safety.
a. 0.1M HCL
b. 0.1M H2SO4
c. 0.1M Acetic acid
d. 0.1M NaOH
e. 0.1M Ba(OH)2
f. 0.1M ammonia solution
5. Fill a pipette with purple cabbage indicator Control - testing colour remains the same in neutral water
Place 2 drops of natural indicator into distilled
water test tube and record observations of colour
change in results table
6. Repeat step 5, placing 2 drops into each acid and To test a variety of solutions with varying pH’s with
base test tube and record observations natural indicator and see the differences in colour
7. Repeat steps 1-7 5 times until consistent results Reliability
are obtained
8. Compare results of colour change observations to To determine colour changes of the natural indicator in
determine the acidity and basicity of the acidic and basic solutions
respective solutions.
9. Dispose of solutions by pouring down the sink Ethical and safe disposal
with running water
6.1.5
Method Justification
1. Wearing gloves, Measure 50mL of 3M HCl using a Will react with NaOH - styrofoam cup is insulating
measuring cylinder and place in a styrofoam cup Gloves for safety - HIgh molarity of acid
(calorimeter)
2. Measure the temperature of solution using a Use to calculate temperature change
thermometer and record
3. Wearing gloves Measure 50mL of 3M NaOH with Will react with HCl Gloves for safety - HIgh molarity of
a measuring cylinder base
4. Monitor the temperature until the temp of each So calculation of temperature change will be accurate
solution are the same
5. When the temperature of each solution is the Neutralisation reaction will occur and will release heat as
same, pour both solutions into the calorimeter, it is exothermic, causing temperature to rise.
place the lid on and stir quickly Stir to homogenous mixture
Lid placed quickly to minimise heat loss ensuring
accuracy
6. Using thermometer, measure and record PEAK To ensure accuracy
temperature
7. Calculate the temp change by subtracting start Used to calculate enthalpy using q=mcAT
temp from peak temp and record
8. Repeat 5 times and analyse for consistency To determine reliability
9. Calculate enthalpy of neutralisation To determine energy released per mole during reaction.
10. Dispose of mixture down drain with plenty of Ethical disposal ensures high concentrations are diluted
running water to safe concentrations, minimising environmental impact.
6.2.1
Method Justification
1. Place 5mL of each of the following into separate, Range of strong and weak + diprotic acids and bases,
labelled test tubes labelled as both are clear solutions and for safety.
a. 0.1M HCL
b. 0.1M H2SO4 Control as a comparative point
c. 0.1M Acetic acid
d. 0.1M NaOH
e. 0.1M Ba(OH)2
f. 0.1M ammonia solution
g. distilled water (control)
2. Add 2 drops of universal indicator to each test To test a variety of solutions with varying pH’s with
tube. Estimate pH and record results in results natural indicator and see the differences in colour
table
3. Repeat steps 1-2, using bromothymol blue, To test colour changes using a range of indicators.
phenolphthalein and methyl orange instead of
universal indicator
4. Repeat step 1, then using a calibrated pH probe Calibrated pH probe is a precision instrument to ensure
measure the pH of each solution. Record results in accurate data is collected.
the results table.
5. Compare results of colour change observations To analyse the pH for weak and strong as well as
and pH probe to determine the acidity and monoprotic and diprotic acid and bases.
basicity of the respective solutions.
6. Dispose of solutions by pouring down the sink Ethical and safe disposal
with running water
6.3.1
1. Set up apparatus as shown in diagram Appropriate equipment
2. Rinse all glassware with distilled water So all glassware is clean
3. Rinse and fill burette with unknown HCl solution Rinse so that concentration will not be altered
In burette so exact volume can be measured
4. Rinse and fill 25mL pipette with standardised Rinse so that concentration will not be altered
NaOH (O.1M) solution In pipette so exact volume is known.
Standardised solution so that exact concentration is
known
5. Pipette 25 mL of NaOH into conical flask
6. Place 3 drops of phenolphthalein into conical As the indicator to show when the pH changes, only three
flask drops because it is a weak acid so that it doesn’t affect the
pH
7. Release acid dropwise from burette into conical Colour change indicates the end-point of when the
flask until permanent colour change and record solutions neutralise each other.
volume of acid used.
8. Repeat steps 1-8 until consistent results are Reliability
achieved
9. Dispose of solutions by pouring down the sink Ethical and safe disposal
with running water.
6.3.7. Preparing a Buffer
Step Method Justification
1 Pipette 50mL of 0.1M CH3COOH into a It is a weak acid
beaker
2 Pipette 25mL of 0.1M NaOH into the It is the conjugate base of the weak acid,
same beaker 25mL so that the solution is equimolar (half of
CH3COOH will react to form CH3COONa)
3 Measure the pH of the solution using a To find the pH
calibrated pH probe
4 Add 0.1M HCl dropwise and monitor pH To increase the concentration of acid. The
solution should resist a small pH change and
maintain the same concentration
5 Repeat steps 1-3 in a clean beaker
6 Add 0.1M NaOH dropwise and monitor To increase the concentration of base. The
pH solution should resist a small pH change and
maintain the same concentration
7 Repeat steps 1-7 3x or until consistency Reliability - to enable analysis for consistency
can be determined
5. Dispose of solutions down the sink Ethical and safe disposal