Version 7.2.

PVsyst - Simulation report

Grid-Connected System

Project: March 25 1st Project

Variant: New simulation variant
No 3D scene defined, no shadings
System power: 5.75 kWp
Rāmsāgar - India

Author
Howrah, WB
India
 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

Project summary
Geographical Site Situation Project settings
Rāmsāgar Latitude 21.25 °N Albedo 0.20
India Longitude 81.63 °E
Altitude 294 m
Time zone UTC+5.5

Meteo data
Rāmsāgar
Meteonorm 8.0 (1991-2010), Sat=100% - Synthetic

System summary
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings
Simulation for year no 25

PV Field Orientation Near Shadings User's needs

Fixed plane No Shadings Unlimited load (grid)
Tilt/Azimuth 25 / 0 °

System information
PV Array Inverters
Nb. of modules 10 units Nb. of units 1 Unit
Pnom total 5.75 kWp Pnom total 5.00 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.150

Results summary
Produced Energy 8.05 MWh/year Specific production 1400 kWh/kWp/year Perf. Ratio PR 72.21 %

Table of contents
Project and results summary 2
General parameters, PV Array Characteristics, System losses 3
Main results 6
Loss diagram 7
Special graphs 8
P50 - P90 evaluation 9
Cost of the system 10
Financial analysis 11
CO₂ Emission Balance 14

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 2/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

General parameters
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings

PV Field Orientation
Orientation Sheds configuration Models used
Fixed plane No 3D scene defined Transposition Perez
Tilt/Azimuth 25 / 0 ° Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Circumsolar separate

Horizon Near Shadings User's needs

Free Horizon No Shadings Unlimited load (grid)

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Inverter
Manufacturer Jinkosolar Manufacturer G P Tronics
Model JKM575M-7RL4-V Model SE-TH01 5.0 TL1
(Original PVsyst database) (Custom parameters definition)
Unit Nom. Power 575 Wp Unit Nom. Power 5.00 kWac
Number of PV modules 10 units Number of inverters 2 * MPPT 50% 1 unit
Nominal (STC) 5.75 kWp Total power 5.0 kWac
Modules 2 Strings x 5 In series Operating voltage 70-540 V
At operating cond. (50°C) Max. power (=>25°C) 5.50 kWac
Pmpp 5.25 kWp Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.15
U mpp 200 V
I mpp 26 A

Total PV power Total inverter power

Nominal (STC) 6 kWp Total power 5 kWac
Total 10 modules Nb. of inverters 1 Unit
Module area 27.3 m² Pnom ratio 1.15

Array losses
Array Soiling Losses Thermal Loss factor DC wiring losses
Loss Fraction 1.0 % Module temperature according to irradiance Global array res. 19 mΩ
Uc (const) 20.0 W/m²K Loss Fraction 0.2 % at STC
Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K/m/s

Serie Diode Loss Module Quality Loss Module mismatch losses

Voltage drop 0.7 V Loss Fraction -0.8 % Loss Fraction 2.0 % at MPP
Loss Fraction 0.3 % at STC

Strings Mismatch loss Module average degradation

Loss Fraction 0.1 % Year no 25
Loss factor 0.4 %/year
Mismatch due to degradation
Imp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year
Vmp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year

IAM loss factor

Incidence effect (IAM): Fresnel AR coating, n(glass)=1.526, n(AR)=1.290

0° 30° 50° 60° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°

1.000 0.999 0.987 0.962 0.892 0.816 0.681 0.440 0.000

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 3/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

Array losses
Spectral correction
FirstSolar model
Precipitable water estimated from relative humidity

Coefficient Set C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Monocrystalline Si 0.85914 -0.02088 -0.0058853 0.12029 0.026814 -0.001781

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 4/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

AC wiring losses
Inv. output line up to injection point
Inverter voltage 230 Vac mono
Loss Fraction 0.08 % at STC
Inverter: SE-TH01 5.0 TL1
Wire section (1 Inv.) Copper 1 x 2 x 10 mm²
Wires length 2m

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 5/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

Main results
System Production
Produced Energy (P50) 8.05 MWh/year Specific production (P50) 1400 kWh/kWp/year Performance Ratio PR 72.21 %
Produced Energy (P90) 7.86 MWh/year Specific production (P90) 1367 kWh/kWp/year
Produced Energy (P95) 7.80 MWh/year Specific production (P95) 1357 kWh/kWp/year

Economic evaluation
Investment Yearly cost LCOE
Global 192250.00 INR Annuities 0.00 INR/yr Energy cost 4.06 INR/kWh
Specific 33.4 INR/Wp Run. costs 25000.00 INR/yr
Payback period 4.9 years

Normalized productions (per installed kWp) Performance Ratio PR

Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR

kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh ratio
January 137.6 47.26 20.97 179.2 174.7 0.784 0.767 0.744
February 144.3 53.28 24.49 173.0 168.7 0.741 0.724 0.728
March 182.3 70.32 28.97 197.6 192.1 0.824 0.805 0.708
April 191.5 78.08 31.77 188.8 182.8 0.776 0.758 0.698
May 200.9 91.28 35.23 184.4 178.1 0.751 0.734 0.692
June 149.7 93.15 30.95 134.8 129.7 0.567 0.553 0.713
July 129.4 90.89 27.83 118.4 113.8 0.509 0.494 0.726
August 125.7 84.47 27.22 119.5 115.2 0.515 0.500 0.728
September 141.1 73.08 27.43 145.1 140.3 0.620 0.604 0.724
October 145.8 73.99 26.81 164.2 159.6 0.705 0.688 0.729
November 128.8 50.82 23.50 161.4 157.3 0.700 0.684 0.738
December 129.4 43.84 20.94 172.7 168.4 0.757 0.741 0.746
Year 1806.5 850.49 27.18 1939.1 1880.8 8.249 8.052 0.722

Legends
GlobHor Global horizontal irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation E_Grid Energy injected into grid
T_Amb Ambient Temperature PR Performance Ratio
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 6/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

Loss diagram
1807 kWh/m² Global horizontal irradiation
+7.3% Global incident in coll. plane

-2.03% IAM factor on global

-1.00% Soiling loss factor

1881 kWh/m² * 27 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors

efficiency at STC = 21.04% PV conversion

10.82 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-9.79% Module Degradation Loss ( for year #25)

-0.69% PV loss due to irradiance level

-10.43% PV loss due to temperature

-0.09% Spectral correction

+0.75% Module quality loss

-5.08% Mismatch loss, modules and strings

(including 3% for degradation dispersion

-0.54% Ohmic wiring loss

8.25 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP
-2.34% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
0.00% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
8.05 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

-0.04% AC ohmic loss

8.05 MWh Energy injected into grid

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 7/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

Special graphs
Daily Input/Output diagram

System Output Power Distribution

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 8/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

P50 - P90 evaluation

Meteo data Simulation and parameters uncertainties
Source Meteonorm 8.0 (1991-2010), Sat=100% PV module modelling/parameters 1.0 %
Kind Not defined Inverter efficiency uncertainty 0.5 %
Year-to-year variability(Variance) 0.5 % Soiling and mismatch uncertainties 1.0 %
Specified Deviation Degradation uncertainty 1.0 %

Global variability (meteo + system) Annual production probability

Variability (Quadratic sum) 1.9 % Variability 151 kWh
P50 8052 kWh
P90 7859 kWh
P95 7804 kWh

Probability distribution

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 9/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

Cost of the system

Installation costs

Item Quantity Cost Total

units INR INR
PV modules
JKM575M-7RL4-V 10 8625.00 86250.00
Supports for modules 10 1000.00 10000.00
Inverters
SE-TH01 5.0 TL1 1 35000.00 35000.00
Other components
Accessories, fasteners 2 5000.00 10000.00
Wiring 2 3000.00 6000.00
Surge arrester 1 30000.00 30000.00
Installation
Global installation cost per module 10 800.00 8000.00
Global installation cost per inverter 1 2000.00 2000.00
Transport 1 5000.00 5000.00
Total 192250.00
Depreciable asset 141250.00

Operating costs

Item Total
INR/year
Maintenance
Cleaning 25000.00
Total (OPEX) 25000.00

System summary
Total installation cost 192250.00 INR
Operating costs 25000.00 INR/year
Produced Energy 8052 kWh/year
Cost of produced energy (LCOE) 4.060 INR/kWh

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 10/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

Financial analysis
Simulation period
Project lifetime 25 years Start year 2026

Income variation over time

Inflation 0.00 %/year
Production variation (aging) 0.00 %/year
Discount rate 0.00 %/year

Income dependent expenses

Income tax rate 0.00 %/year
Other income tax 0.00 %/year
Dividends 0.00 %/year

Financing
Own funds 192250.00 INR

Electricity sale
Feed-in tariff 8.0000 INR/kWh
Duration of tariff warranty 25 years
Annual connection tax 0.00 INR/kWh
Annual tariff variation 0.0 %/year
Feed-in tariff decrease after warranty 50.00 %

Return on investment
Payback period 4.9 years
Net present value (NPV) 793122.94 INR
Return on investment (ROI) 412.5 %

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 11/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

Financial analysis
Detailed economic results (INR)

Electricity Run. Deprec. Taxable Taxes After-tax Cumul. %

sale costs allow. income profit profit amorti.

2026 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 -152835 20.5%
2027 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 -113420 41.0%
2028 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 -74005 61.5%
2029 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 -34590 82.0%
2030 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 4825 102.5%
2031 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 44240 123.0%
2032 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 83654 143.5%
2033 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 123069 164.0%
2034 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 162484 184.5%
2035 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 201899 205.0%
2036 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 241314 225.5%
2037 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 280729 246.0%
2038 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 320144 266.5%
2039 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 359559 287.0%
2040 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 398974 307.5%
2041 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 438389 328.0%
2042 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 477804 348.5%
2043 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 517219 369.0%
2044 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 556633 389.5%
2045 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 596048 410.0%
2046 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 635463 430.5%
2047 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 674878 451.0%
2048 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 714293 471.5%
2049 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 753708 492.0%
2050 64415 25000 0 39415 0 39415 793123 512.5%
Total 1610373 625000 0 985373 0 985373 793123 512.5%

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 12/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

Financial analysis
Yearly net profit (kINR)

Cumulative cashflow (kINR)

14/05/25 PVsyst Licensed to Page 13/14

 Project: March 25 1st Project
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.2.8
VC0, Simulation date:
27/03/25 21:35
with v7.2.8

CO₂ Emission Balance

Total: 185.1 tCO₂
Generated emissions Saved CO₂ Emission vs. Time
Total: 11.09 tCO₂
Source: Detailed calculation from table below:
Replaced Emissions
Total: 226.1 tCO₂
System production: 8051.86 kWh/yr
Grid Lifecycle Emissions: 936 gCO₂/kWh
Source: IEA List
Country: India
Lifetime: 30 years
Annual degradation: 1.0 %

System Lifecycle Emissions Details

Item LCE Quantity Subtotal

[kgCO₂]
Modules 1713 kgCO2/kWp 5.75 kWp 9848
Supports 6.24 kgCO2/kg 100.0 kg 624
Inverters 619 kgCO2/ 1.00 619

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