Herbal Anti-dandruff Shampoo

A Project report submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Pharmacy

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
As Per the Curriculum of Syllabus Under
Project Report

IEC SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, IEC UNIVERSITY

Submitted to Submitted by
MS. SHALU KUMARI Rajan Sharma
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) 2020060137

Academic Batch 2020-2024

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With extreme gratitude and indebtedness, I wish to express my acknowledgement towards

My Project guide, Ms. Shalu Kumari (Assistant Professor). In IEC School of Pharmacy, IEC
University for his unparallel and excellent guidance, constant inspiration and continuous
encouragement throughout the dissertation work.

I am immensely thankful to Ms. Jyoti Gupta (HOD of Pharmacy), In IEC School of

pharmacy,
IEC University for his comments and suggestions from time to time. I express my sincere
thanks to all the faculty members for their help and cooperation during the project work. I also
express my sincere thanks to Librarian and other library staff. I also express my sincere
thanks to computer centre and other staff.

I wish to express my sincere thanks to all my friends for their genuine help and kind support
during this work. I would like to pay my deep regards to my parents and my all family
members for their unconditional love, support and blessings due to which this work reached
to the completion.

Once again I would like to thank all those who were directly or indirectly involved in the
completion of this project.

Date:

Place:

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 Students Name

CERTIFICATE
I Rajan Sharma Enrollment No 2020060137 I hereby certify that the work which is being
presented in the Bachelor of Pharmacy final year project report entitled " HERBAL ANTI-
DANDRUFF SHAMPOO'', in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor
of Pharmacy project report submitted to the IEC University, Baddi, Solan (H.P.) is an
authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from 2023-24.

Student`s signature

This to certify that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

HOD Supervisor Signature

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IEC School of Pharmacy

TABLE OF CONTENT

[Link]. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. ABSTRACT 5

2. INTRODUCTION 6-16

3. LITRATURE REVIEW 17-19

4. HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANT 20-25

5. PLAN OF WORK 26-29

6. COMPOSITION 30-32

7. EVALUATION 33-36

8. REFRENCE 37-42

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 A PROJECT ON ANTI-DANDRUFF HERBAL
SHAMPOO

ABSTRACT:

The aim of this investigation is to discuss and assess polyhedral shampoo made from natural
ingredients for cosmetic purposes. Pittosporum, a kind of yeast, causes dandruff, a disease that
affects the scalp. Dandruff can only be managed professionally; it cannot be completely
eliminated. A haircare product called shampoo is used to remove particles of oil, filth, skin
debris, dandruff, environmental pollutants, and other pollutants that gradually accumulate in hair.
Aloe Vera gel, lemon grass oil, neem oil, henna, and other herbal-based components were used to
formulate base shampoo in herbal anti-dandruff shampoos. Several of these herbal ingredients
when combined have allowed for the creation of a very effective dry powder shampoo. To
guarantee the formulation's safety and effectiveness, it was prepared at the laboratory scale and
assessed according to a variety of criteria.

Keywords: Antidandruff shampoo, cosmetics, herbal shampoo, evaluations, hair, medicinal

plants.

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Chapter-1
( INTRODUCTION )

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INTRODUCTION:

The scientific name for the medical condition of dandruff is pityriasis capitis. The word dandruff
is actually a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis. Individuals from puberty to old age are affected
by dandruff. It is more prevalent in men than women. Dandruff can develop on any hairy area of
the body, but most frequently occurs on the scalp. It is harmless and doesn't usually lead to any
serious medical problems. Though it is not a physically serious condition, dandruff can cause
self-esteem problems. There may be a social stigma attached to having dandruff and can
sometimes lead to issues such as scalp acne and hair loss. Many organic and chemical remedies
are available for treating dandruff, but very few have shown permanent results. This is what
makes herbal anti-dandruff shampoo a safer and more attractive option.

The main function of the skin is protection, regulation, and sensation. The skin has many layers,
the outermost is the epidermis. The epidermis can be divided into two parts or three layers. The
top layer is known as the stratum corneum. This is the layer where the condition "dandruff" is
found. Dandruff is the shedding of the stratum corneum. There are many factors and reasons why
this occurs, but it is a normal process in every human being where the skin sheds and replaces
itself. In the stratum corneum, there are corneocytes. These are cells without a nucleus that are
filled with keratin. These are the cells that are shed. When shedding is visible, this is known as
dandruff. Usually, dandruff is implicated with overproduction and shedding of the corneocytes.
About 5-10% of the skin disorders in the world are attributed to dandruff.

The term "dandruff" generally refers to the condition of the skin wherein shiny, silvery scales
separate from the scalp and collect amidst the hair. The affection can become troublesome when
the skin gets infected. There are many other opinions regarding the definition of dandruff, but
this is not the topic for this discussion. The above-mentioned case is the most severe case of
dandruff, where the person's clothing is often laden with the scales. In any case, dandruff is
something unwanted and should be treated. The scalp is our concern, and herbal scalp treatment
is what we are going to deal with.

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Dandruff is a common cosmetic problem that affects the scalp. Almost all of us have suffered
from dandruff at some stage in our lives. It is a condition of the scalp in which white or grey
flakes of skin appear on the scalp and in the hair. This is often accompanied by itching and local
redness. The microbe, Malassezia furfur (previously known as Pityrosporum ovale), has been
implicated in the causation of dandruff, although many people have no obvious signs of the
microbe on their skin. This leads to the possibility that the presence of Malassezia furfur is
necessary but not sufficient to cause dandruff. Furthermore, dandruff and the usual increase in
scale and scalp skin production are associated with increased oiliness of the skin and scalp.

The skin and scalp oil, sebum, is broken down to form oleic acid by the microbe. It has been
shown that people with dandruff produce more oleic acid. Therefore, it would seem beneficial to
prevent the breakdown of sebum and the accumulation of oleic acid on the scalp, as this
exacerbates the problem. As mentioned earlier, traditional anti-dandruff shampoos try to
immobilize the Malassezia furfur and increase the shedding of dead skin cells. Unfortunately,
this renders the shampoos ineffective, as once the consumer stops using the shampoo, the
symptoms return. In other words, the immobile microbe is given the chance to become mobile
again, and the increased skin shedding returns to the original rate.

Dandruff is a harmless chronic condition that occurs when the scalp becomes dry or greasy and
produces white flakes of dead skin that appear in the hair or on the shoulders. Dandruff may be
the result of a very dry scalp or a skin condition called seborrheic dermatitis. It could also be
caused by eczema, psoriasis, or very commonly, an overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called
malassezia. There are many modern anti-dandruff shampoos and scalp solutions available to
today's consumers. Their effectiveness varies, and they each have their own list of side effects.
Dandruff is not curable but it is controllable. The use of anti-dandruff shampoos and steroids can
keep the scaling of seborrheic dermatitis under control. When a person stops using the
medication or the dandruff shampoo, the severity of their dandruff will return. This brings to
question the long-term effects of medicated dandruff shampoos and treatments. Many
medications are strong and have reported side effects. Long-term use is probably not the best
idea. This brings us to question whether there is a safe herbal alternative with no side effects that
is as effective as the medicated types.

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Rosemary has a reputation for stimulating hair growth as well as being antiseptic. This herb is
often used to fight dandruff caused by oily scalp. Aloe vera has been used for centuries for its
healing properties and is well known for its ability to keep skin supple and hydrated. It is perfect
for soothing dry, flaky skin or scalp. Aloe vera contains enzymes which directly promote healthy
hair growth. Aloe vera also helps clean the pores in the scalp, restoring its pH balance. It can also
help relieve itching on the scalp. Coconut has many benefits for both the skin and hair. Coconut
oil is often used as a natural conditioner and has been helping people with dry hair and split ends
for centuries. Coconut oil is also great for dry skin and has many natural healing properties. This
fruit also smells great!

CLASSIFICATION OF DANDRUFF

Depending on the symptoms, dandruff is split into two major categories.

A. Dry dandruff.

B. Oily dandruff.

A) Dry dandruff.

Pityriasis simplex is characterized by excessive accumulation of minute scales on the scalp. This
kind of dandruff does not cause considerable hair loss.

The irritation on the skin is not visible. The scales begin in the middle of the head and expand to
the frontal, parietal, and occupational regions. (5)

B) Oily dandruff.

It is also known as Pityriasis Steatosis’s. It lands on the scalp with sebum production. It is
commonly encountered in young males after puberty. The scalp had varying degrees of
inflammation and greasy, nasty yellow scales. This disorder frequently leads to hair loss. This
form of dandruff most commonly affects the scalp. This form of dandruff commonly affects the
scalp, behind the ears, breastbone, and armpits. (6)

Shampoo was first used in English in 1762 to denote "massage." The name comes from
Anglo-Indian shampoo, which is derived from the Hindi champoo, which means to rub, knead,
or massage the muscles. (7) Shampoo is primarily used to clean hair by eliminating sebum

9
buildup, dust, scalp debris, and other pollutants. Shampoo formulas vary according to the kind of
hair, how it is cared for, and if it is oily, greasy, or androgenic alopecia. (8) There are numerous
shampoos for men and women available nowadays. Dandruff causes a high quantity of sebum on
the skin in numerous locations. Its symptoms include scalp redness, flakes, and itching, hair
breakage, and unexpected hair color and skin discoloration. (9) The two most common dandruff
treatment methods are chemical-based anti-dandruff shampoo and herbal-based anti-dandruff
shampoo. The plant has numerous chemicals that act biologically against dandruff-causing
agents. Synthetic shampoos can cause itching, irritation, hair loss, nausea, headache, and
increased scaling. (10)

Similar to ordinary shampoo, herbal shampoos are made with natural components and are
intended to clean hair and scalp. These shampoos have high stability, are less damaging than
synthetic shampoo, and have no side effects because they don't include surfactants.

Surfactants are present in synthetic shampoo. Serious side effects, such as split ends, eye
irritation, hair loss, drying out, and graying of the hair, can result from using these surfactants
over an extended period of time. Because of these factors, the general population is becoming
more interested in herbal cosmetics because of its negligible adverse effects and low cost. (11)

“Herbal shampoos are cosmetic preparations made with traditional ayurvedic herbs that are
intended to cleanse hair and scalp similarly to conventional shampoos. They are employed in the
elimination of oils, dandruff, pollution from the environment, etc.” (12)

TYPES OF SHAMPOO:

1. Liquid Shampoo:

Description: Liquid shampoo is the most common form of shampoo found in the market. It
typically comes in bottles and has a fluid consistency.

Characteristics:

 Watery consistency.
 Lathers easily when mixed with water.
 Can be easily distributed through the hair.

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Benefits:

 Effective cleansing of the scalp and hair.

 Wide variety of formulations for different hair types and concerns.
 Generally affordable and widely available.

Suitable Hair Types:

 Liquid shampoos are versatile and suitable for most hair types, including normal, oily,
dry, and combination hair.

Popular Brands and Products:

 Pantene Pro-V Daily Moisture Renewal Shampoo.

 Herbal Essences Hello Hydration Moisturizing Shampoo.
 Head & Shoulders Classic Clean Shampoo.

2. Lotion Shampoo:

Description: Lotion shampoo has a slightly thicker consistency compared to liquid shampoo. It
often provides extra moisturizing properties.

Characteristics:

 Creamier texture than liquid shampoo.

 Provides added hydration and nourishment to the hair.
 May contain oils, shea butter, or other moisturizing ingredients.

Benefits:

 Deeply moisturizes and hydrates dry or damaged hair.

 Helps improve hair texture and manageability.
 Soothes and calms the scalp.

Ideal Usage and Application:

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  Lotion shampoos are ideal for individuals with dry or damaged hair or those who
frequently style their hair with heat tools.

Examples of Lotion Shampoo Products:

 L'Oreal Paris Ever Pure Moisture Shampoo.

 OGX Coconut Milk Shampoo.
 Moroccanoil Moisture Repair Shampoo.

3. Cream Shampoo:

Description: Cream shampoo has a rich, creamy texture and provides deep nourishment to the
hair.

Characteristics:

 Thick and creamy consistency.

 Contains rich conditioning agents for intense hydration.
 Often formulated with proteins, vitamins, and botanical extracts.

Benefits:

 Provides intense hydration and nourishment.

 Strengthens and repairs damaged hair.
 Leaves hair soft, smooth, and manageable.

Targeted Hair Types and Concerns:

 Cream shampoos are particularly beneficial for dry, coarse, or brittle hair that requires
extra moisture and care.

Examples of Cream Shampoo Products:

 Dove Nutritive Solutions Intensive Repair Shampoo.

 Garnier Whole Blends Honey Treasures Repairing Shampoo.
 Aveda Damage Remedy Restructuring Shampoo.

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4. Jelly Shampoo:

Description: Jelly shampoo has a gel-like consistency and offers lightweight cleansing.

Characteristics:

 Gel-like texture that spreads easily through the hair.

 Provides gentle cleansing without weighing down the hair.
 May contain clarifying ingredients to remove buildup.

Benefits:

 Provides gentle cleansing for normal to oily hair.

 Adds volume and bounce to the hair.
 Refreshes the scalp without stripping natural oils.

Suitable Hair Types:

 Jelly shampoos are suitable for individuals with normal to oily hair or those who prefer
lightweight formulas.

Notable Jelly Shampoo Formulations:

 Bumble and bumble Sunday Shampoo.

 Kiehl's Amino Acid Shampoo.
 Paul Mitchell Tea Tree Special Shampoo.

5. Spray Shampoo:

Description: Spray shampoo comes in a spray bottle and is designed for convenient application.

Characteristics:

 Lightweight formula that can be sprayed directly onto the hair.

 Absorbs excess oil and refreshes the hair between washes.

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  Ideal for on-the-go use or to extend the time between regular shampoos.

Benefits:

 Cleanses and refreshes the hair without water.

 Adds texture and volume to the hair.
 Saves time and effort in between washes.

Differences between Dry Shampoo and Traditional Liquid Shampoos:

 Dry shampoo is specifically formulated to absorb oil and refresh the hair without water,
whereas traditional liquid shampoos require water for cleansing.

Popular Spray Shampoo Products:

 Batiste Dry Shampoo.

 Living Proof Perfect Hair Day Dry Shampoo.
 Amika Perk Up Dry Shampoo.

THE BEST QUALITIES OF HERBAL SHAMPOO

Natural Ingredients: Formulated with plant extracts, herbs, and botanicals.

Gentle Cleansing: Provides mild yet effective cleansing without stripping natural oils.

Free from Harsh Chemicals: Typically sulfate-free, paraben-free, and free from synthetic
fragrances.

Nourishing and Moisturizing: Enriched with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to nourish
and moisturize hair.

Scalp Health: Soothes irritation, reduces inflammation, and balances oil production.

Suitable for All Hair Types: Versatile formula suitable for normal, dry, oily, and sensitive hair.

Environmental Sustainability: Often made with eco-friendly and biodegradable ingredients.

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Ethical and Cruelty-Free: Not tested on animals and free from animal-derived ingredients.

Aromatherapeutic Benefits: Offers natural fragrances for a soothing and uplifting shower
experience.

Strengthens Hair: Helps strengthen hair follicles, reducing breakage and split ends.

Color-Safe: Suitable for use on color-treated hair without causing premature fading.

Balances Sebum Production: Regulates oil production on the scalp for a healthy scalp
environment.

Improves Blood Circulation: Stimulates blood flow to the scalp, promoting hair growth.

Hydrates and Conditions: Deeply hydrates and conditions hair, reducing frizz and enhancing
manageability.

Customizable Options: Offers a variety of formulations to address specific hair concerns and
preferences.

ADVANTAGES

The following are some benefits of utilizing herbal shampoo:

1. Comfortable for the skin: Herbal shampoos are made with a soft, nourishing formula for the
skin and scalp. They support the preservation of the scalp's natural pH balance, which fosters a
favorable environment for hair development.

2. Pure and Organic ingredients: Natural components are used in the formulation of herbal
shampoos, rather than artificial chemicals. This guarantees a healthier and more natural approach
to hair care.

3. Fewer side effects: Compared to shampoos with artificial chemicals, herbal shampoos often
have fewer adverse effects because of their natural composition. They are less prone to irritate
the scalp or trigger allergic responses.

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4. Hair loss treatment: Some herbal shampoos are designed to help with hair loss issues. They
might include ingredients that strengthen hair follicles and encourage hair growth.

5. No experiments on animals: A lot of herbal shampoos are made without using animal testing,
which is in line with ethical standards and cruelty-free practices.

6. Affordable: Although prices might vary, herbal shampoos are often more affordable in the
long run because their natural ingredients promote overall hair health, which lessens the need for
additional hair treatments or products. (8,16,17)

DISADVANTAGES:

Despite the many advantages of herbal shampoos, there are a few restrictions and things to keep
in mind:

1. Tough to be hidden Taste and Odor: Herbal shampoos may have unique tastes and odors
that are difficult to fully cover since they contain natural components. This may have an impact
on the whole shampooing sensory experience.

2. Need for preservatives: In general, natural compounds are less stable than their synthetic
equivalents. Consequently, in order to maintain the stability of herbal shampoos and stop
microbiological development, preservatives would need to be included.

3. Slower Action and Longer Therapy: Compared to allopathic medications, herbal remedies
often function more gradually. Consequently, using herbal shampoos consistently over an
extended period of time as part of a treatment regimen may be necessary to get desired
outcomes.

4. Seasonal change of plant constituents: Seasonal variables, such as climate and harvesting
period, might affect the composition of herbal compounds. Herbal shampoos' efficacy and
consistency may be impacted by this fluctuation.

[Link] in consistency: Herbal shampoos may exhibit variances in texture, viscosity,

or overall product performance from batch to batch. (8,18)

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Chapter-2
( LITRATURE )

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LITRATURE:

1. Pal Dheeraj et al., 2021 Study was to develop Anti-Dandruff Shampoo formulations.
Dandruff- fighting agents’ zinc pyrithione (ZPT). This is the secret to fighting dandruff and is
found in all of our shampoos. It prevents the dandruff- forming microbe, Malassezia globosa,
from forming scalp irritants. Head & Shoulders uses a unique, highly effective form of ZPT.
Dandruff shampoo is not bad for your hair. Increased scratching due to dandruff can also
increase hair cuticle damage and dullness. Essentially, as it works to eliminate dandruff, Head &
Shoulders keeps your hair looking beautiful by helping prevent dandruff-related damage. Novel
delivery systems have been successfully used for pharmaceutical formulations and they can
prove to be a promising delivery system for scalp treatment too.

2. Singh Abhishek et al., 2020 The latest research has shown that Bhringraj Powder exhibits
excellent antifungal behavior. The antidandruff shampoo was formulated by adding Bhringraj
Powder as the principal ingredients of the antidandruff. As additives play an important role in
determining any formulation’s efficiency, stability and aesthetic appeal, this point was held in
mind when selecting the additives for shampoo formulation. Eventually they invented and tested
the antidandruff shampoo. As seen from the tests, a herbal antidandruff shampoo can be
formulated which is not only equal to the conventional shampoo in its consistency but also has
better health, efficacy and purity.

3. Deepak et al., 2020 Formulate and Evaluate the Anti-Dandruff Shampoo. Dandruff could only
be effectively managed; it couldn't be totally eradicated. The use of herbal medicines in medicine
and commerce had grown significantly worldwide. Herbal anti-dandruff shampoos were more
effective than synthetic ones, though they could have some negative side effects. Finally, it was
determined that anti-dandruff shampoos made from natural ingredients had fewer adverse effects
than those made from synthetic compounds. (30)

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4. Malpani et al., 2020 Formulation and evaluation of Pomegranate based herbal shampoo. It
cleaned out debris and dand ruff, encouraged hair development, added shone, fortifies, and
darkens hair. To make the shampoo, pomegranate extracts were used. (active ingredient), in
varying amounts, Curry Leaves, Ginger, Aloe vera, and Reetha. Visual evaluation, wetting time,
pH, solid content assurance, surface tension, detergency, dirt dispersion, conditioning
performance, and foam stability were all tested using a variety of physicochemical techniques.
The black-colored herbal shampoo had been formulated to exhibit excellent cleaning, detergency,
froth stability, low surface tension, optimal pH, and conditioning activity.t was determined that
using the prepared shampoo instead of its synthetic equivalent was both safe and efficient. The
goal of the investigation was to standardize the formulation of herbal shampoo. In the interim,
additional clinical research in this instance was necessary. Herbal shampoos were generally safe,
inexpensive, and highly effective in terms of manufacturing simplicity. (31)

5. Dhayanithi et al., 2021 Formulate and evaluate of herbal shampoo. They assessed its physical
and chemical characteristics. Herbal extracts were added to the shampoo instead of artificial
additives. Testing was done on the phytochemical qualities of the herbal shampoo. The
shampoo's formulation was high-quality and pure. It demonstrated low surface tension, good
foam stability, good cleansing and detergency, and antidandruff properties. Beneficial ingredients
like polyphenol, flavonoids, saponins, and vitamins were added to the shampoo to improve its
cleaning power and encourage the growth of healthy hair. These ingredients also contributed to
antibacterial and antioxidant activity (31).

6. Gadge et al., 2023 Formulate and evaluate of polyherbal antidandruff shampoo. The easy
decoction method was used to extract the herbs. The best herbs for enhancing anti-dandruff
activity were Shikakai, Reetha, Neem, Aloe vera, Hibiscus, Fenugreek, onion juice, Sidar
powder, and curry leaves. Physical appearance, pH, dirt dispersion, percent solid content
determination, foam stability test, antimicrobial activity for M furfur, skin irritation test, and
stability testing were all assessed for the formulations. From the results, it may be concluded that
First formulation met all the requirements of the evaluation parameters which was harmless and
cost effective. (33)

7. Pal et al., 2020 Preparation & Assessment of Poly-Herbal Anti-Dandruff Formulation One
significant hair issue that couldn't be completely resolved with chemicals was dandruff. A

19
formulation for hair care that was poly-herbal and anti-dandruff had been attempted; it had been
standardized to guarantee its stability and quality. Using all of the herbal contents, the herbal
preparation had made in a lab setting according to predetermined proportions. The pack was
measured according to a number of factors. The findings were determined to be adequate for
evaluating the herbal formulation. The results of various factors supported the formulation's
value. (34)

Chapter-3
( HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS )

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HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN SHAMPOO

Tea Tree Oil:

Benefits: Provides potent antimicrobial action against dandruff-causing fungi and bacteria.
Soothes scalp irritation and reduces inflammation.

Uses: Applied directly to the scalp or mixed with shampoo to treat dandruff, scalp acne, and
itching.

Properties: Contains terpinen-4-ol, which exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and

antiseptic properties.

Neem:

Benefits: Offers strong antifungal and antibacterial effects, reducing scalp inflammation and
irritation.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to treat dandruff, scalp infections, and eczema by applying
directly to the scalp or mixing with shampoo.

Properties: Contains nimbidin and nimbin with potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory
effects.

Aloe Vera:

Benefits: Soothes scalp irritation, reduces inflammation, moisturizes the scalp, and combats
dandruff-causing microbes.

Uses: Applied directly or mixed with shampoo to hydrate the scalp, reduce itching, and promote
scalp health.

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Properties: Rich in enzymes, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, with anti-inflammatory,
antibacterial, and antifungal properties.

Rosemary:

Benefits: Stimulates scalp circulation, promotes hair growth, strengthens hair follicles, and fights
dandruff.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to improve scalp health, reduce dandruff, and stimulate
hair growth.

Properties: Contains antioxidants like carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, with antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties.

Peppermint:

Benefits: Provides a cooling effect, relieves itching, regulates scalp oil production, reduces
inflammation, and fights dandruff-causing microbes.

Uses: Applied directly or mixed with shampoo to soothe scalp irritation, reduce dandruff, and
improve scalp health.

Properties: Contains menthol, with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties.

Lavender:

Benefits: Calms scalp irritation, balances scalp oils, and fights dandruff-causing microbes.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to soothe scalp irritation, reduce dandruff, and promote
scalp health.

Properties: Contains compounds like linalool and linalyl acetate, with anti-inflammatory and
antimicrobial effects.

Chamomile:

Benefits: Soothes scalp inflammation, reduces redness, and promotes scalp health.

Uses: Applied directly or mixed with shampoo to soothe irritated scalps, reduce dandruff, and
improve scalp health.

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Properties: Contains chamazulene and other anti-inflammatory compounds, with mild
antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Burdock:

Benefits: Nourishes the scalp, soothes scalp conditions like dandruff and eczema, and promotes
scalp health.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to improve scalp condition and reduce dandruff.

Properties: Contains inulin, mucilage, and essential fatty acids, with anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant properties.

Nettle:

Benefits: Regulates scalp oil production, strengthens hair, and nourishes hair follicles.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to regulate sebum production and promote healthy hair
growth.

Properties: Contains minerals like iron and silica, with astringent and nourishing properties.

Thyme:

Benefits: Combats dandruff-causing fungi and bacteria, stimulates circulation, and promotes
scalp health.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to cleanse the scalp, reduce dandruff, and stimulate hair
growth.

Properties: Contains thymol, with strong antimicrobial and stimulating properties.

Apple Cider Vinegar:

Benefits: Restores scalp pH balance, eliminates dandruff-causing microbes, and clarifies the
scalp.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to restore scalp health, reduce dandruff, and remove
buildup.

Properties: Contains acetic acid, with antimicrobial and clarifying properties.

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Lemon:

Benefits: Exfoliates the scalp, removes excess oil, and reduces flakiness.

Uses: Applied directly or mixed with shampoo to clarify the scalp, reduce dandruff, and regulate
sebum production.

Properties: Contains citric acid, with exfoliating and astringent properties.

Sage:

Benefits: Fights dandruff-causing microbes, reduces scalp inflammation, and promotes scalp
health.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to combat dandruff and soothe irritated scalps.

Properties: Contains rosmarinic acid and flavonoids, with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory
effects.

Henna:

Benefits: Strengthens hair, reduces breakage, and conditions the scalp and hair.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to strengthen hair and promote scalp health.

Properties: Contains lawsone, with strengthening and conditioning properties.

Fenugreek:

Benefits: Nourishes the scalp, soothes irritation, and moisturizes the scalp.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to nourish the scalp and reduce dandruff.

Properties: Contains proteins, lecithin, and anti-inflammatory compounds, with nourishing and
moisturizing properties.

Walnut:

Benefits: Exfoliates the scalp, removes dead skin cells, and reduces dandruff.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to promote scalp health and reduce flakiness.

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Properties: Contains omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, with exfoliating and nourishing
properties.

Ginger:

Benefits: Stimulates circulation, reduces inflammation, and combats dandruff-causing microbes.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to improve scalp health and reduce dandruff.

Properties: Contains gingerol and shogaol, with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Green Tea:

Benefits: Contains antioxidants, reduces inflammation, and promotes scalp health.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to nourish the scalp and reduce dandruff.

Properties: Contains catechins and polyphenols, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

properties.

Ginseng:

Benefits: Stimulates hair growth, strengthens hair follicles, and reduces dandruff.

Uses: Used in antidandruff shampoos to promote hair growth and improve scalp health.

Properties: Contains ginsenosides and vitamins.

25
Chapter-4
( PLAN OF WORK )

26
PLAN OF WORK:

1. SELECTION OF API:

1. Neem: Neem is highly regarded for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. It helps fight
the microorganisms that cause dandruff, which effectively reduces flakes and scalp irritation.

2. Curry Leaves: Curry leaves are rich in antioxidants and have antimicrobial properties. They
can help maintain scalp health by preventing infections and reducing dandruff.

3. Methi (Fenugreek): Methi is well-known for its moisturizing properties, which can help
alleviate the dryness and itching associated with dandruff. It also has anti-inflammatory
properties that soothe the scalp.

4. Aloe Vera: Aloe vera has soothing and hydrating properties that make it beneficial for
reducing dandruff and inflammation caused by dandruff. It also promotes scalp health and
moisturizes the hair.

5. Henna: Henna strengthens and shines hair strands and contains antibacterial and cooling
qualities that help fight bacteria that cause dandruff and minimize inflammation on the scalp.

2. EXTRACTION:

Neem:

27
  Pour some neem powder or leaves into a kettle of water.
 After bringing the water to a boil, simmer it for ten to fifteen minutes.
 After removing the heat source, let the mixture cool.
 To extract the neem extract from the leaves or powder, strain the mixture.
 For subsequent usage, keep the neem extract in an airtight, clean container.

Curry Leaf:

 Put some fresh curry leaves in a kettle of water.

 After bringing the water to a boil, simmer it for ten to fifteen minutes.
 After removing the heat source, let the mixture cool.
 To extract the curry leaf extract from the leaves, strain the mixture.
 Keep the curry leaf extract in a sterile, airtight container for later use.

Methi (Fenugreek):

 Take fenugreek seeds or fenugreek leaves and add them to a pot of water.
 Bring the water to a boil and let it simmer for about 15-20 minutes.
 Turn off the heat and allow the mixture to cool down.
 Strain the liquid to separate the methi extract from the seeds or leaves.
 Store the methi extract in a clean, airtight container for later use.

Aloe Vera:

 Cut aloe vera leaves and scoop out the gel.

 Add the gel to a pot of water.
 Bring the water to a boil and let it simmer for about 10-15 minutes.
 Turn off the heat and allow the mixture to cool down.
 Strain the liquid to separate the aloe vera extract.
 Store the aloe vera extract in a clean, airtight container for later use.

Henna:

28
  Take henna powder and add it to a pot of water.
 Bring the water to a boil and let it simmer for about 15-20 minutes.
 Turn off the heat and allow the mixture to cool down.
 Strain the liquid to separate the henna extract from the powder.
 Store the henna extract in a clean, airtight container for later use.

Procedure:

Prepare Herbal Infusion:

Boil neem leaves, curry leaves, and methi seeds in water for about 20-30 minutes until the water
turns greenish-brown. Let it cool and strain to obtain the herbal infusion.

Mix Ingredients:

 In a bowl, combine the SLS or SLS-free shampoo base with the herbal infusion.
 Add henna powder and mix well until there are no lumps.
 Gradually add aloe vera gel while stirring continuously to ensure through mixing.

Thicken the Shampoo:

 Dissolve guar gum in a small amount of water to create a smooth paste.

 Gradually add the guar gum paste to the shampoo mixture while stirring constantly until
the desired consistency is reached.

Add Fragrance:

 If desired, add a few drops of fragrance oil to the shampoo mixture and mix well.

Adjust Consistency:

 If the shampoo is too thick, you can add more herbal infusion or water to reach the
desired consistency. If it's too thin, you can add more guar gum paste.

Transfer and Store:

29
  Once the shampoo is well-mixed and has reached the desired consistency, transfer it to a
clean, sterilized container for storage.

Label and Usage Instructions:

 Label the container with the ingredients and date of preparation.

 Use the herbal antidandruff shampoo as you would any other shampoo, massaging it into
the scalp and hair, then rinsing thoroughly.

Chapter-5
( COMPOSITION )

30
COMPOSITION OF SHAMPOO:

• Surfactants

• Conditioning agents

• Pearlescent agents

• Sequestrants

• Thickening agents

• Colors, fragrances, and preservatives.

Surfactants: The type and quantity of surfactants used in shampoos determines how well they
remove grease, and surfactants themselves act by weakening the physical-chemical adherence
forces that bind residues and impurities to hair, preventing them from binding to the shaft or
scalp. Surfactants are cleaning agents that replaced soap. (19)

Conditioner agent: Conditioners are used to increase combability, reduce frizz, detangle hair,
and reduce friction. Conditioner works by lubricating the cuticle, which lessens the
hydrophilicity of the fiber, and by supplying positive charges to the hair fiber to neutralize its
electrical negative charge.

The conditioners' functions

 Boost the combability

 resemble the lipid outer layer of real hair
 Bring back the hydrophobicity

31
  Close the cuticle.
 Prevent or reduce frizz and friction: Remove the negative charge from the net.
 Improve manageability, smoothness, and shine. (19)

Sequestrants: These are the agents to chelate magnesium and calcium ions, present in hard
water, preventing formation of insoluble soaps (scum). This scum film will make hairs look dull
and may contribute to itching and symptoms of seborrheic dermititis. Eg: EDTA. (20)

Thickening agents: These ingredients are used to make creamy, thick shampoo. You may
thicken anything by adding gums or salts. Gums have gel-like qualities that increase viscosity.

For example, carboxymethyl cellulose, gum karaya, and tragacanth gum. (20)

Preservatives and color, perfumes: The range of colors that may be created is restricted since
the majority of surfactants that are often used in shampoos have a straw-colored or yellow tint.
Compared to pastels, green, yellow, and orange are more easily obtained. The stability of the
color is the other cover when coloring a shampoo. Greens tend to turn yellow, reds to turn
orange, and blues to turn green. These color shifts might result from heat and age alone, or they
can happen regardless of the shampoo's exposure to UV radiation. (19)

COMPOSITION:

INGREDIENT BIOLOGICAL NAME QUANTITY

NEEM Azadirarachta 15G

HENNA Lawsonia inermis 10G

RITHA Sapindus mukorossi 10G

METHI Trigonella foenum-graecum 10G

CURRY LEAVES Murraya koenigii 10G

32
 ALOE VERA Aloe barbadensis 20G

SODIUM LAURYL Sodium lauryl sulphate 13G

SULPHATE

CITRIC ACID, LYSIN Citric acid, lysin 5G

GUAR GUM Cyamopsis tetragonoloba 7G

Chapter-5
( EVALUATION )
33
EVALUATION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO:

a. Externally appearance/visual inspection: Formulations were assessed for clarity, brown

color, pleasant odor, foaming ability, and fluidity. (24)
Appearance: viscous in nature
Color: Brown
Transparency: Non-Transparence

b. Dispersion of dirt: Place one drop of India ink and around 1% of the shampoo solution in a
test tube. After the test tube is sealed, it is shaken for around ten minutes. There are four different
levels of ink in the foam: None, Light, Medium, and Heavy. (26)

c. Calculating Viscosity: The viscosity of liquid shampoo is ascertained using the "Ostwald
Viscometer". The viscosity of a product affects its stability, shelf life, and appearance, which
includes consistency in packaging, clarity, and ease of application. It is challenging to determine
the flow properties of non-Newtonian materials with a single data point since their viscosity
fluctuates with shear rate. It is advised to acquire multipoint measurements that closely resemble
the real process in order to precisely replicate it. Shampoos are products with low viscosity that
keep their viscosity. (27)

d. Determination of pH: Developed formulation was diluted using distilled water to prepare a
sample with 10 % concentration. The prepared sample was checked for pH using a digital pH
meter at room temperature 30±2°C.

34
e. cleansing action: Grease was applied to 5 grams of wool yarn, which was then immersed in
200 mL of water with 1 gram of shampoo in a flask. Water temperature was maintained at
350°C. The flask was shaken for 4 minutes at a rate of 50 times per minute.

The solution was withdrawn, and a sample was obtained, dried, and weighed. The amount of
grease removed was determined using the following equation: DP = 100(1-T/C), where DP is the
percentage of detergency power, C is the weight of sebum in the control sample, and T is the
weight of sebum in the test sample. (29)

f. Determination of percentage solids contents: A clean dry china dish was weighed and added
with 4 grams of shampoo. The dish with shampoo was weighed. The exact weight of the
shampoo was calculated. The china dish with shampoo was placed on the hot plate until the
liquid portion was evaporated. The weight after drying was calculated.

g. Surface tension measurement: Dilute the shampoo using distilled water to fix 10% as
concentration. Measurements were carried out using stalagmometer. Dip the flattened end of
stalagmometer in to beaker containing sample of developed shampoo and suck it until the level
reaches the mark. Fix that in the stand and allow the sample to run slowly from the mark. Count
the number of drops formed when level of liquid reaches from A to B. Repeat the experiment
with distilled water. The data was calculated using following equation,

R2 = (W3-W1) N1 X R1

(W2-W1)N2

W1 is weight of empty beaker. W2 is weight of beaker with distilled water W3 is Weight of

beaker with shampoo solution. N1 is no. of drops of distilled water. N2 is no. of drops of
shampoo solution. R1 is surface tension of distilled water at room temperature. And R2 is surface
tension of shampoo solution

h. Foaming ability and foam stability: Cylinder shake method with slight modification was
used for determining foaming ability. 50ml of the 1% shampoo solution was put into a 250 ml
graduated measuring cylinder and covered with hand. Measuring cylinder was shaken for 1
minute. The total volume of the foam contents after 1 minute shaking was recorded. The
procedure was continued for 5 minutes. In-vitro anti-dandruff activity: Candida albicans were

35
employed for testing antifungal activity using the cup-plate method. The culture was maintained
on sabouraud’s agar slants. 20 ml of melted sabouraud’s agar medium was inoculated with 0.2 ml
of 72hour old suspension of Candida albicans and poured in to a Petri dish. The cups (10 mm
diameter) were punched in the Petri dishes and filled with 0.05ml of a solution of the sample
dissolved in DMSO (10 ml of shampoo in 100 ml of DMSO). The plates were kept for diffusion
at 40C for one hour and incubated at 300C for 48 hours as shown in below figure. After the
completion of incubation period, the zone of inhibition in millimeter was measured.

i. Stability studies: Stability studies were performed in accordance with ICH guidelines for
accelerated testing with required modifications. The sample taken formulation was taken and
kept at room temperature (30 ± 20C) as well as refrigerator (4±20C) for duration of one month.
The samples were tested for their physical appearance, pH, viscosity, % cleaning action and
foam stability.

36
Chapter-6
( REFRENCE )

37
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