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Nutrition in Amoeba and Digestive Differences

The document contains a series of questions related to various topics in biology, including nutrition, respiration, circulation, and excretion in humans and plants. It is structured into very short answer, short answer, and long answer type questions, covering key concepts such as digestion, metabolic processes, gas exchange, blood circulation, and waste elimination. The questions aim to assess understanding of fundamental biological processes and systems.

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9 views4 pages

Nutrition in Amoeba and Digestive Differences

The document contains a series of questions related to various topics in biology, including nutrition, respiration, circulation, and excretion in humans and plants. It is structured into very short answer, short answer, and long answer type questions, covering key concepts such as digestion, metabolic processes, gas exchange, blood circulation, and waste elimination. The questions aim to assess understanding of fundamental biological processes and systems.

Uploaded by

guptamanoj7756
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topic - Nutrition

Very short answer type questions-


[Link] type of nutrition is found in cuscuta?
[Link] is the hardest material of our body?
[Link] the two different types of metabolism?
[Link] enable the carbon dioxide and water to combine to form carbohydrate in the
presence of sunlight?
[Link] are chloroplasts absent in epidermal cells?
[Link] are the end products of fat digestion?
[Link] types of blood cells of human beings show phagocytosis like an Amoeba.
8. Name two enzymes of pancreatic juices.
[Link] the digestive glands in humans.
[Link] are the finger-like projections of the intestinal wall called?
11. What causes heartburn?
12. Which digestive glands are situated in the wall of the alimentary canal itself.
[Link] an animal which shows intracellular digestion.
[Link] name is given to the alternate contraction and relaxation of the gut wall?
[Link] substance is converted into sugar when treated with amylase enzymes?
[Link] a biological catalyst present in our stomach.
[Link] protects the inner lining of the stomach from the action of the acid under normal
conditions?
[Link] an important point of difference between guard cells and other epidermal cells.
[Link] metabolism.
[Link] is the other name of leaf stalk?

short answer type questions-


1. What causes tooth decay? How it can be overcome, give three points.
[Link] does bile help in digestion?
[Link] does bread taste sweet when it is chewed for a long time?
4. What is the role of hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach wall?
5. How does a fungus differ from an animal in mode of nutrition?
[Link] is peristalsis? What is its significance?
[Link] does digestion of food start in the body of human beings? What happens in the first
step?
[Link] do you mean by holozoic organisms? Give an example.
[Link] is the role of enzymes in the process of digestion?
[Link] doesn't have any digestive enzymes but it plays a great role in digestion. Explain.
[Link] parts of the digestive system of human beings produce starch digesting enzymes?
Where is starch digested?
[Link] is an anabolic process. Comment.
[Link] nutrition in an amoeba.
[Link] wall of the stomach is also made of protein, but it is not digested by protease of the
stomach. Why?
[Link] the name of the enzyme present in the fluid in our mouth cavity. State the gland
which produces it. What would happen to the digestion process if this gland stops secreting
this enzyme?
[Link] do herbivores have longer small intestine than carnivores?
Long answer type questions-
[Link] the help of labelled diagrams show the process of nutrition in Amoeba.
[Link] are carbohydrates, proteins and fat digested in human beings?
3.i) What is the difference between alimentary canal and digestive system.
ii) Write the site of productions and site of action of the following– Saliva , trypsin, bile,
pepsin, lipase.
[Link] a labelled diagram of the human digestive system.
[Link] is photosynthesis? Write the chemical equation to show the process of
photosynthesis. What are the three events that take place during photosynthesis?
6. In the context of the statement “ Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis “ answer the
following questions:
a) What are variegated leaves? Give an example.
b) When a leaf is boiled in alcohol, what happens to the colour of the leaf and the colour
of the solution?
c) In what form is the carbohydrate produced, stored in the plant? Why is chlorophyll
necessary for photosynthesis

Topic - Respiration in humans and plants


Very short answer type questions-
[Link] is the site of glycolysis?
[Link] is produced when ATP is broken?
[Link] an animal tissue which sometimes doesn't use oxygen to produce energy.
[Link] an animal in which exchange of gases occurs through its moist skin.
[Link] is the other name of windpipe?
[Link] two things of nasal passage which checks the entry of dust into lungs.
[Link] is most of the carbon dioxide transported in blood?
[Link] is the normal range of haemoglobin in the blood of an adult healthy person?
[Link] the pigment present in plants which can absorb solar energy.
[Link] does aerobic breakdown of Pyruvate take place in the living cell? What are its
end products?
[Link] organ organ of the respiratory system of human beings is supported by
cartilaginous rings?
[Link] name is given to the thin walled sacs present at the terminal end of smallest
bronchioles?
[Link] parts of the root increase its surface area to facilitate exchange of gases and
absorption of water?
[Link] does oxygen leave the blood?
[Link] protects the trachea from being collapsed when there is no air in it?
[Link] the areas in a woody stem through which respiratory exchange of gases takes
place.

Short answer type questions-


[Link] is a catabolic process. comment.
[Link] is residual air ? What is its role?
[Link] three important points of differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
[Link] are respiratory gases transported in human beings?
[Link] the mechanism of breathing.
[Link] is less energy released in anaerobic respiration?
[Link] do you go breathing deeply even when your hard physical exercise is over?
8. What is the role of cartilaginous rings in trachea?
[Link] the significance of nasal passage of human beings in respiration.
[Link] four differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
[Link] will you prove that carbon dioxide is produced during fermentation?

Long answer type questions-


[Link] is glycolysis? Where does it take place? State three ways in which the end product
of glycolysis can be utilized.
[Link] the diagram of respiratory system of human being and :
I) State the role of nasal passage.
ii) What is the significance of tracheal rings?
[Link] is meant by cellular respiration? Write what happens in the cell in the presence or in
the absence of oxygen.
[Link] is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of large multicellular
organisms like humans?

Topic - Circulatory system or transportation


Very short answer type questions-
[Link] general name is given to the blood vessels which carry blood from body parts to
heart?
[Link] blood vessels bring oxygenated blood from lungs to heart?
[Link] type of blood is present in the right atrium of the human heart?
[Link] process is mainly responsible for the transportation of water and dissolved minerals
in a tall tree.
[Link] the red pigments which carry oxygen in blood.
[Link] does the blood absorb oxygen in the human body?
[Link] the instrument used to measure blood pressure, also mention normal blood
pressure of a healthy adult man.
[Link] is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and
birds?

Short answer type questions-


[Link] is the wall of the ventricle thicker than the wall of the atria?
[Link] lymph? Write its significance or important functions.
[Link] are capillaries very thin walled?
[Link] does an artery differ from a vein? Give three points.
[Link] is double circulation? What is its significance?
[Link] is organic food transported in higher plants?
[Link] is blood? Mention it's significance?
[Link] is rightly called the river of life. Explain.
[Link] transpiration. Write its significance?
[Link] the process of transport of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in a human
body.
[Link] three kinds of blood vessels of human circulatory system and write their functions in
tabular form.
12. Give reason for the following:
I) Alveoli in lungs are richly supplied with blood capillaries.
ii) Respiratory pigment in blood takes up oxygen and not carbon dioxide.
iii) During anaerobic respiration, a 3 - carbon molecule is formed as an end product Instead
of Co2 in human beings.
13. Water is used by the leaves of the plants for photosynthesis but rather than watering the
leaves, we water the plant through the soil. How does this water reach the leaves of the
plant?

Long answer type questions-


1.i)What is transpiration? How does transpiration account for the transport of water during
day time? Explain giving any three reasons the significance of transpiration in plants.
ii) What is translocation? Name the cells involved in the transport of food in plants.
2. Draw the diagram of the human heart and label all the parts.

Topic - Excretion in human beings and plants


Very short answer type questions-
[Link] is the functional unit of the kidney?
[Link] is urine produced?
3. Name the main waste which passes out into dialysing solution from the patient’s blood
during dialysis.
[Link] is blood filtered in our body?
[Link] gas is exclusively released by plants during the night?
6. What are the two main processes during urine formation?
7. What is the main nitrogenous waste of man?

Short answer type questions-


[Link] excretion? Name any three excretory organs other than the kidney.
2. What is the significance of re - absorption of filtrate from the tubule of nephron?
[Link] the pathway of urine in our body starting from the organ of its formation to it's
excretion. What will happen if the tubular part of the nephron doesn't work properly?
4. Enlist various ways in which plants excrete waste materials.
[Link] is dialysis? What is its significance?

Long answer type questions-


1. Draw the diagram of the labelled human excretory system.
2. Explain the process of hemodialysis.
3. Make a labelled diagram of a nephron. How is urine produced in it.

Common questions

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Digestive glands secrete various enzymes to breakdown carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Salivary glands produce amylase, starting carbohydrate digestion in the mouth . The stomach secretes pepsinogen which converts to pepsin for protein digestion. The pancreas secretes trypsin and lipase into the duodenum, where trypsin continues protein breakdown, and lipase targets fats. The liver produces bile, stored in the gall bladder, which emulsifies fats, aiding their digestion though not breaking them enzymatically .

Reabsorption in nephron tubules is critical for conserving essential substances and maintaining homeostasis. As the filtrate passes through the tubules, water, ions, glucose, and amino acids are selectively reabsorbed into the bloodstream, preventing their loss in urine. This process allows the body to balance electrolytes, regulate pH, and retain necessary organic molecules while efficiently excreting waste products in urine .

Fungi differ from animals in their mode of nutrition primarily because they are saprophytes, meaning they obtain their nutrients by absorbing them from dead or decaying organic matter using external digestion through exoenzymes. In contrast, animals are heterotrophic organisms that ingest their food and then digest it internally through an alimentary canal system .

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, yielding ATP and NADH. Its end products, pyruvate, and NADH can be utilized in three main ways: 1) entering the mitochondria for aerobic respiration to be further oxidized in the Krebs cycle, generating more ATP; 2) converting to lactate during anaerobic respiration in muscle cells; 3) serving as a precursor for biosynthetic pathways such as gluconeogenesis .

The nasal passage's primary role in the respiratory system is to filter, warm, and humidify incoming air, preventing cold, dry, and particulate-laden air from reaching the delicate alveoli in the lungs. Structures within the passage, including hair and mucus, trap particles and pathogens, while blood vessels warm and moisten the air, optimizing conditions for gas exchange .

The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds is crucial because it allows for higher metabolic rates necessary for maintaining body temperature and supporting active lifestyles. This separation enables efficient oxygen supply to tissues, enhancing aerobic respiration and energy production, which support activities such as flight in birds and endothermy in both groups .

Transpiration drives the upward transport of water from roots to leaves through the cohesive and adhesive properties of water. As water evaporates from the stomata, it creates negative pressure pulling more water into the leaf from the xylem. This continuous column of water moves through plants largely driven by transpiration, thus aiding in nutrient transport and maintaining plant structure by turgor pressure .

Amoebas use a holozoic mode of nutrition involving phagocytosis, where the cell membrane engulfs food particles to form a food vacuole. Enzymes are secreted into the vacuole to digest the food, and nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm. This intracellular digestion is adapted to their single-celled lifestyle, enabling them to feed on smaller organisms effectively .

Diffusion is insufficient for oxygen transport in large multicellular organisms due to its limitations in covering large distances effectively. The metabolic demands and size of these organisms require more efficient and rapid distribution of oxygen, which a simple diffusion process cannot supply due to slow rates over long distances. Hence, specialized respiratory and circulatory systems have evolved to actively transport gases, meeting cellular oxygen demands more efficiently .

The small intestine's structure increases surface area for nutrient absorption through villi and microvilli lining its walls. These finger-like projections present enormous surface area, enabling maximal interaction with digested food for efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. They also contain dense capillary networks and lymphatic vessels that transport absorbed nutrients away from the intestine to other body parts .

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