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Periodic Table Element Properties Explained

The document outlines the periodic table's structure, highlighting the significance of periods and groups in categorizing elements based on their atomic properties. It details the characteristics of various element families, including Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, and others, emphasizing their reactivity and common traits. Additionally, it notes the unique properties of Noble Gases and Rare Earth Metals.

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7 views3 pages

Periodic Table Element Properties Explained

The document outlines the periodic table's structure, highlighting the significance of periods and groups in categorizing elements based on their atomic properties. It details the characteristics of various element families, including Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, and others, emphasizing their reactivity and common traits. Additionally, it notes the unique properties of Noble Gases and Rare Earth Metals.

Uploaded by

bbbbaaattmmmaan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Science

L.O. Identify relationships between the properties of elements and their location
on the periodic table.
It is a list of elements and arranged according to its atomic number.
Periods: The horizontal rows in the periodic table.
Groups: Are vertical columns in the periodic table and are labelled 1 to 18.

In the periodic table, elements have something in common if they are in


the same row.
All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals.
Elements in the periodic table can be grouped into families ( vertical
columns) based on their similar chemical properties.
Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

Alkali Metals
Group 1
Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal
1 electron in the outer shell
Soft metals; soft enough to cut with a butter knife.
Very reactive, can explode when they are exposed to water.
Conduct electricity

Alkaline Earth Metals


Group 2
2 electrons in the outer shell
Reactive, but less than alkali metals
Conduct electricity

Transition Metals
Groups 3-12
Good conductors of electricity and heat
Some are used in jewellery
The transition metals can put up to 32 electrons in their outer shells.

Boron Family
Group 13
3 electrons in their outer shell
Most are metals
Boron is a metalloid
Aluminium metal was once rare and expensive not a ‘disposable metal’

Carbon Family
Group 14
4 electrons in the outer shell
Contains elements important to life and computers
Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry
Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors

Nitrogen Family
Group 15
5 electrons in their outer shell
Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of our atmosphere
Nitrogen and phosphorous are both important in living things.
The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.

Oxygen Family
Group 16
6 electrons in the outer shell.
Reactive
Oxygen is necessary for respiration
Many things that stink contain sulphur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks)

Halogens
Group 17
7 electrons in the outer shell
All are non-metals
Very reactive, are often bonded with elements from group 1.
Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.

Noble Gases
Group 18
Exists as gases
Non-metals
Not reactive with other elements because the outer shell is full
Used in lighted ‘neon’ signs

Rare Earth Metals


The rare Earth metals are silver, silvery-white and grey metals
Conduct electricity
Found in the Earth
Some are radioactive.

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