The Diversity of Life
• Classification: based on
evolution and bone structure.
**** To study structure and
function of living livings.
• Classification: Grouping things
based on their similarities/bone
structure
**** Used to organize things so
they are easier to study
•Taxonomy: Study of how living
things are classified
• Linnaeus:
Invented Binomial Nomenclature:
TWO – part naming system for organisms
● Latin and italicized
A. GENUS - First part of the
scientific name
B. SPECIES – Second part of
the scientific name
A. GENUS - Capitalized
B. SPECIES – Not capitalized
• ***In order to mate and produce fertile
offspring all groups must be identical including
the species
“G” before “S” or
“S” stands for Species
and Second
• Examples:
Homo sapiens Felis domesticus
Genus Species Genus species
Felis concolor
Genus species
TAXONOMIC KEY
/ Dichotomous Key:
A series of paired statements
that describe the physical
characteristics of different
organisms
Write a YES and NO question (using
physical characteristics) to
divide them into 2 separate groups.
DOES IT HAVE
Start question with
DOES IT HAVE…?
Can NOT use:
•Where it lives? – nest, ground, ocean,
tree
•How it moves? – swim, crawl, fly
•No SHAPE, SIZE, or STRIPES
Can NOT separate by:
[Link] – Stripes, dots
[Link] – Long neck
[Link] – Rough or Smooth
No SHAPE, SIZE, or STRIPES
4. Sounds it makes.
BOX 1
Group A Group B
Question Question
Does it have Fins? Does it NOT have fins?
Members: Members:
Example – Goldfish
Bluebird
Whale
Eagle
Shark
Hawk
7 LEVELS of CLASSIFICATION
KINGDOM - KING --Broadest, General
PHYLUM - PHILIP’s
CLASS - CLASS
ORDER - ORDERS
FAMILY - FRIED
GENUS - GREASY
SPECIES - SARDINES --SPECIFIC
-- Has Greatest
similarities
Which organism(s) belong to the same kingdom but are different species?
Which level contain organisms that can mate with one another?
Which level contain organism that have the greatest similarities?
Which is considered the most general level?
• The more levels that 2
organisms share, the more
evolutionary history they have
SIX Kingdoms
Archaebacteria -------- AN
Eubacteria --------------- EAGER
Protists ------------------- PUPPY
Fungi ----------------------- FOOLISHLY
Plants ---------------------- POOPED
Animals -------------------- ALOT?!!
Kingdoms are based on type of cells, making
food, & number of cells
1. Archaebacteria
~ Unicellular – 1 celled
~ Known as Prokaryotes
~ DON’T have a nucleus
– “PRO means NO”
2. EUBACTERIA - Chemical Makeup differs
from Archaebacteria
~ Unicellular – Prokaryotes
~ Known as Prokaryotes
~ Don’t have a nucleus
– “PRO means NO”
3. PROTISTS
-* Called Eukaryotes: cells with a nucleus “EU
- have a nucleus”
-- Called “Odds and Ends” kingdom because
- members are different from each other
- Some are autotrophs or heterotrophs
others are unicellular or multicellular
4. FUNGI
Examples: Mushrooms, molds,
and mildew
- They can NOT make its own food, they
are known as Heterotrophs
- Digest and absorb nutrients from the
environment
- Ex. Mushrooms, yeast (only unicellular
fungus)
5. PLANTS
The main source of energy is the SUN
Can make their own food so they are
considered to be AUTOTROPHS
6. ANIMALS
Eukaryotes and Heterotrophs (can not
make its own food)
Multicellular – Has many different cells
Uni / Multi Auto – Heter Prokaryote (NO nucleus) –
Kingdom Eukaryote
1 / 2 more Can – Can NOT – (Has Nuc)
Monera- UNI EITHER PRO
Archaebacteria
Monera UNI EITHER PRO
-Eubacteria
Protist
**ODDS& EITHER EITHER EU
ENDS
Fungi MULTI HETER EU
Plant MULTI AUTO EU
Animal MULTI HETER EU
Kingdoms are based on type of cells,
how they make food, and number of cells