Why and when to use
Filter
F I LTER SU ITABLE FOR F I LM Factor
Yellolt' Landscapes Orthochromatic 2
Seaside pictures and orthopan-
Portraits taken against chromatic films
the blue sky
Yellou ··grppn Subjects in spring and Orthopanchromatic 2
summer with much green and panchromatic
Still life film s
Reproduction of paintin gs
Orangp Pictorial effects with Orthopalldlromatic 5
colours and panchromatic
Distant views without films
foreground
Red Any increase of contrast Orthopanchromatic 8
for certain pictorial effects and panchromatic
films
(IV Pictures taken in a bluish AI) types of fi lm
atmosphere, when the sky
is cloudless or partly cloudy,
or when it is overcast with
high thin clouds.
For all pictures taken in
the Tl'lOuntains
Why and when to use ZEISS IKON lilters? 1 ye II 0 1(' f if tt' r is suitable for films of normal sensitivity and is especially object in the distance. Ultravio let rays are also predominant
useful for rendering the sky darker so that the outlines of the clouds become in the mountains, because at higher altitudes the atmosphere
clearer. Since a yell ow filter also assists haze penetration it is most useful is too thin to cut out these short-wave light rays as it does
Some amateur p//Otograp/Iers still believe th ey need no filters when using modem
film and, as a rule, they do wit/lOut these accessories. }fou;etcer, they are amazed when taking distant views. in lower regions.
to see th e illlproL'ement in many winning pictures made with th e [Link] of colour
The ultraviolet filter is to absorb this excess of ultraviolet
filters. As a matter of fact, even in our advanced state of pllOto,rraphic deve- -4 ye llow-green filter in conjunction with orthopanchromatic films of
lopment Ice ca nnot do without filt ers if we want to make th e mot of our pic- rays. In doing so it increases the sharpness and brilliance
normal sensitivity renders the shades of gre en brighter and more correctly.
tllres and do full justice to thp subject. of pictures and may also be used in cases where a yellow
This filter is chiefly used for sunny spring or summer landscapes as well as for
Unlike colour film, all ordinary film renders th e objects in blalk and white. filter cannot be used as for instance for sports photographs
reproduction of coloured objects.
Even th e best pan chromatic film will render certain colours in a shade different
for whidl any filter factor is undesirable as well as for
to that p erceived by the human eye. Yellow and red aHect th e s,>nsitive la yer The o range filter renders the sky considerably darker than it is in reality. Without polarizillg filt er
of th e film mudt less than blue. On a landsca pe picture, for in . tan ce, made colour pictures in whidl the use of a yellow filter would
without a filter, th e outlines of clouds will be blurred. There wil be little dif- This filter is preferably used if the tones are to be exaggerated in order to
bring out unnatural colours.
ference in shade betu;een the blue of the sky and til e white of th e clouds. produce a certain light effect, i.e. a certain "mood ". It is also useful for repro-
When using an ultraviolet filter the exposure need not be
The use of filt ers will improve th e rendering of colours in shades of grey on ductions if light contrasts are to be enhanced.
increased.
black and white films. Yellow filt ers and yellow-green filt ers will help to render
correctly th e ton es and tints of the colours, w hile orange and ,ed filt ers are The red filter is used for obtaining special effects. Using orthopanchro-
Polarizing filU>rs - named "Bernotar Polarizing Fil-
only IIsed for special purposes and pictorial effects. Th e use of lilters always
matie films, contrasts in shades can be exaggerate d with a red filter to such a
n ecessitat es an increase of th e ex [Link] tilll e. This increase of e;:[Link] is ex- ters" after Professo r Bernauer - are used in order to neu-
pressed in terms of filt er fa ctors, as shown below. Th ey are valid fo>' good colour- degree that ama zing pictorial effects can be achieved. In particular, red filters
tralize or eleminate reflections from mirrors or polished
SC1:s;'ivc f; ; .... and for !'Ort",,/ lighti ng r(lnrlition .< Dpvintinns ~ mig/.t ], p ~ add mud1 tc the c!earness ,.,f .'-ista"t ,·jews.
surfaces sudl as glass, paintings, furniture, water, glossy
n ecessa ry because of th e light tints of colours in the morning anil .he evening
n eed not be considered; they are within th e exposure latitude 0 ;' a good film. The ult ra v iol e t fil ter: When the sky is cloudless or partly clouded as well paper, and plastics etc. The effect of the polarizing filter
ZEISS IKON precision filters are made of optical glass coloured in the mass. as when it is covered with very thin, light clouds drifting at very high altitudes, depends entirely on its position in regard to the reflecting
Th ey are immu.n e from external influen ces such as temperature or moisture. the atmosphere contains a considerable amount of diffused ultraviolet rays surface. The proper position is easily found by looking at
Th eir surfaces are perfect optical plan es. Th e filters are available IVith screw-on
(co mpletely invisible) and blue light, to which the photographic emulsion is the object through the polarizing filter. This filter will also
and slip-on mounts for all standardized lensmolmts. Because of Iheir superior
With polo ri:::illg filt er
quality ZEISS I KON filters ensure first class photographic result:;. most sensitive. Under such lighting conditions a bluish haze seems to veil the lend saturated colours to all colour photographs.
Withollt filter Wi t h ye II 0 1{' fif tl> r With ye llow-green filter With o range filter With red filter With ultra t' iolet ( L V) filt e r
Th e sky is rendered too brightly with no clear Sh"y and clouds are rendered in tones as Good renderin g of blue sky; green rendered Clearer outlines of white clouds on blue ., ~-y lor greater sharpneu of pictures at
Still further increase of contrast b etwef' fI blue
outlines of th e clouds perceived b y the eye in lighter tones sky and clouds , relld ering a mood like all altitudes above 4,500 feet .
[Link] thunderstorm
/', /I ( ., (/1 1:.1"<'1k.0 II 11/."(1 f I"
~rh e ([Link] are available with screW-Oil, screw-i n. and slip-oil mounts for all standardized lenses. Th e colour
of [Link] filt e rs is engraved on the m ounts. All filt e rs are sup plied in pract ica l, transparent plastic cases.
ZEISS IKON filt er., ca.1I be used 'oge ,h er roith a""rour:ate s"pplementary lell ses (ZEISS [Link] lellse.,)
",: ~ I ". 7~1$C IV f""'\ l.!..;, _ I , d.
~crew-on filters S u ita,ble for ('omcra leus es wilh s("reu' mOllnts
Colour 27 mm 35,5 mOl _4
:::0:.J.,~
5 ~n:.:;
1I::.:
n_......J_ _ 49 mm 77 mOl
cat. no. cat. no . cat. no. cat. no . cat. no.
Yellow 352/G 353/G 354/G 383/G 384/G
Yellow-green 352/GR 353/GR 354/GR 383/GR 384!GR
Orange 352 /0 353/0 354 /0 383 /0 384/0
Red 352/R 353/R 354/R 383/R 384/R
Ultraviolet 352/UV 353/UV 354/UV 383 /UV 384 ' U V
Special filters for I KOFLEX I, la, II , Il a : Cat. 11 0 . 371
Slip-on filt e rs Suitable lor ca m pra le nses with slip-on moullt s
Colour 32 mOl j7 mOl 42 mm
cat. no . cat. no. cat. no.
Yellow 349/G 322/G 325/G
Yellow-green 349/GR 322 /GR 325/GR
Orange 349/0 322/0 325/0
Red 349/R 322 /R 325/R
Ultraviolet 349/UV 333/UV 325 1UV
Bernotar polarizing filt e rs in leath er case
for slip-o n
mounts, diameter: 32 mm _-,-_ _:::
37 mm 42 mOl 51 mm
cat. no. cat. no. cat . no. cat. no.
Bernotar 330 331 332 333
mil
Special filter for IKOFLEX I, la, II , lIa: Twin-lens polarizing filter IKOPOL : cat. no. 337
Z E ISS I KO N AG . STUTTGART
e n~li sch I 003/01112 Printed in Germuny 50 0453·2 Fii