🎤 Script: Organization Test – Does this match the
values of the group I belong to?
"Now let’s talk about the steps in making a moral
decision. These steps help guide us when we're Virtue Test – Does this action reflect the
faced with difficult choices that involve right and kind of person I want to be?
wrong.
👉 Step 6: Make a Decision
👉 Step 1: State the Problem After thinking through all of that, now you're
First, figure out what the real issue is. ready to make a choice—one that you believe is
Ask yourself: Is there something about this morally right.
decision that makes me feel unsure or
👉 Step 7: Review the Steps
uncomfortable? Is there a conflict of interest? This
Finally, go back and review everything you did.
helps you see if there’s a moral dilemma involved.
Did you miss anything? Is your decision still the
👉 Step 2: Check the Facts best one after rechecking the facts and values
Before making any decision, you need to look at involved?
the situation more closely.
These steps help us make better, more thoughtful,
Sometimes, when we learn more details, we
and more ethical decisions."
realize that the problem isn’t what we thought it
was—or it becomes even more serious. So always
gather the facts.
Would you like a simplified chart or diagram to
👉 Step 3: Identify Relevant Factors match these steps for your presentation?
Who are the people involved in this situation?
4o
What rules, laws, or professional codes might
apply? Knowing these helps you understand the You said:
responsibilities and consequences.
can you merge everything that you provide?
👉 Step 4: Develop a List of Options
ChatGPT said:
Now think of your possible choices.
Don’t just stick to one idea—be creative and try Sure! Here's your merged and simplified class
to come up with several solutions to the problem. reporting script for ETHICS covering the topics:
Issue and Decision, including Moral Issue, Types
👉 Step 5: Test the Options
of Moral Issues, Moral Decision, and the Steps in
This step is like checking your choices before you
Making a Moral Decision. This version is ready for
decide. You can ask:
speaking, clear, and student-friendly.
Harm Test – Will this option hurt anyone?
Publicity Test – Would I be okay if
everyone knew about my choice?
Defensibility Test – Can I explain and
defend this decision confidently?
Reversibility Test – Would I be okay if
someone did the same thing to me?
Colleague Test – What would a trusted
friend or coworker say?
🎤 REPORTING SCRIPT: ISSUE AND DECISION
1. MORAL ISSUE A moral decision is when you're choosing
between options that involve right and wrong.
Let’s start with moral issue.
It’s not just about what you want—it’s about
A moral issue is a situation where you're faced using your moral reasoning and asking: "What
with a decision that involves your values, duties, should I do?"
and sense of right and wrong. It makes you ask
Example: You find a lost phone. Do you return it
yourself: "Is this the right thing to do?"
or keep it? That’s a moral decision.
For example, if you see someone cheating on a
As Boss (2020) says, moral decision-making is the
test, do you report it or stay quiet? That’s a moral
ability to give a reasoned judgment about what
issue—it’s not just about rules, it’s about what
one ought to do—not just what’s easy.
you believe is right.
As Rachels & Rachels (2019) said, a moral issue
involves the principles of right and wrong 4. STEPS IN MAKING A MORAL DECISION
behavior, and even the goodness or badness of a
Here are the 7 steps you can follow to make a
person’s character. So it’s not just about the act
good moral decision:
—but who we are as people.
👉 Step 1: State the Problem
Identify the real issue. Is there something making
2. TYPES OF MORAL ISSUES you uncomfortable? Is there a moral conflict?
There are two types of moral issues: Micro Ethics 👉 Step 2: Check the Facts
and Macro Ethics. Look deeper into the situation. Sometimes the
problem changes when you know more details.
👉 Micro Ethics focuses on the everyday problems
that happen in a workplace or organization. These 👉 Step 3: Identify Relevant Factors
may seem small but can lead to bigger unethical Who are the people involved? Are there laws or
behavior if ignored. professional rules that apply?
Examples: lying to customers, favoritism, or
👉 Step 4: Develop a List of Options
abusing work hours.
Think of all the possible actions you could take.
👉 Macro Ethics deals with big social or national Don’t just stick to one—get creative.
issues that affect many people.
👉 Step 5: Test the Options
Examples include climate change, poverty, and
Ask yourself:
the ethical use of new technology like artificial
intelligence. Harm Test – Will this hurt someone?
So in simple terms: Publicity Test – Am I okay with others
knowing I did this?
Micro Ethics = small-scale, everyday
issues Defensibility Test – Can I defend this
choice confidently?
Macro Ethics = large-scale, social/global
issues Reversibility Test – Would I be okay if this
were done to me?
Colleague Test – What would a trusted
3. MORAL DECISION
friend or coworker say?
Now, let’s move to moral decision.
Organization Test – Does this match my
school’s or workplace’s values?
Virtue Test – Does this reflect the kind of
person I want to be?
👉 Step 6: Make a Decision
After testing your options, choose what you
believe is morally right.
👉 Step 7: Review the Steps
Go back and reflect. Did you miss anything? Are
you still confident in your choice?
✅ Conclusion:
So to sum up:
A moral issue makes you reflect on what’s
right or wrong.
Moral decisions are choices where ethics
are involved.
There are Micro and Macro types of moral
issues.
And there’s a clear 7-step guide we can
follow to make ethical decisions.
🌟 Introduction (1-2 minutes)
"Good day, everyone! Today, I’ll be reporting on
two important concepts in our ETHICS class: Issue
and Decision. These are basic yet crucial parts of
ethical reasoning, especially when we are faced A good ethical decision is informed, well-
with situations that test our values, beliefs, and thought-out, and based on principles, not just
sense of right and wrong." emotions or pressure.
🟠 ISSUE: What is it? 🌟 Closing (30 seconds - 1 minute)
An issue is a situation or problem that raises "To summarize: an ISSUE raises the ethical
moral, ethical, or legal concerns and needs to be question, and a DECISION is the stand or action
analyzed or resolved. we take in response. Both are key in developing
our moral compass and navigating real-life
🔍 It usually involves a conflict of values or
situations with integrity. Thank you, and I hope
opposing principles.
this helps you understand how these concepts
❓ It's a question that needs reflection: play a big role in ethical thinking!"
What is the right thing to do?
📌 Examples of Issues:
Should a student report a friend who is
cheating on an exam?
Should a company prioritize profit or the
environment?
🧠 Ethical Insight:
Ethical issues require us to go beyond personal
opinion—they need critical thinking and moral
reasoning.
🟢 DECISION: What is it?
A decision is the action or choice made after
considering an issue.
✅ It is the conclusion or stand a person
takes after reflecting on the ethical
situation.
It often involves weighing pros and cons,
considering consequences, and asking:
What will result from this action?
📌 Example:
After thinking about the issue of cheating,
🎤 Script:
the student decides to talk to their friend
first before reporting them. "Let me make this easier to understand.
🧠 Ethical Insight: A moral issue is any situation where you have to
ask yourself, 'Is this right or wrong?' It happens
when you're facing a decision that involves your "Now let’s talk about the types of moral issues,
values, responsibilities, or what you believe is which are divided into two: Micro Ethics and
good or bad. Macro Ethics.
For example, imagine you see someone being 👉 First, Micro Ethics.
bullied online. You might ask: Should I speak up? This type focuses on everyday ethical problems
Should I report it? Or should I stay quiet? That’s that happen inside an organization or workplace.
already a moral issue because you're thinking These are small actions that may seem normal
about what the right thing to do is. but can lead to unethical behavior over time.
According to Rachels and Rachels, a moral issue is For example, things like:
about the principles of right and wrong behavior
Using office time for personal tasks
and also about the goodness or badness of a
person’s character. Favoritism among coworkers
So, moral issues are not just about rules—they're Lying to customers just to make a sale
also about who we are as people and the kind of
Even if they look small, these actions can affect
person we want to be."
the organization’s integrity in the long run.
( Script to Explain the Quote:
👉 Second, we have Macro Ethics.
“Let’s talk about what a moral issue means in This one is bigger in scope. It deals with large
simple terms. social or national issues that we might not face
A moral issue happens when a person is in a every day but are very important.
situation where they have to decide what’s right
Examples include:
or wrong.
It’s not just about small choices like what to eat or Climate change
wear. It’s about deeper things—like your values,
Poverty and inequality
your duties to others, and your responsibility to
do what’s right. Ethical use of technology, like AI or
surveillance
For example, if you see someone being bullied,
you might ask yourself: These issues can affect society as a whole and
Should I step in? Should I stay quiet? What’s the often need action from leaders, policymakers, or
right thing to do here? even global cooperation.
That’s already a moral issue—because you're So in short:
thinking about justice, fairness, and kindness.
Micro Ethics = everyday ethical issues in
According to philosophers Rachels and Rachels, a organizations
moral issue is connected to how people behave
and whether their actions show good or bad Macro Ethics = big ethical issues affecting
character. So, it’s not just about the action itself, society or the world"
but also about the kind of person you are when
you make that decision.
🎤 Script:
In short, a moral issue challenges us to look at our
values and decide what kind of person we want to "Let’s make this simple.
be.") A moral decision happens when you have to
choose between what’s right and what’s wrong.
It’s not just any decision—it's one that challenges Don’t just stick to one idea—be creative and try
your values, your conscience, and what you to come up with several solutions to the problem.
believe is the right thing to do.
👉 Step 5: Test the Options
For example, if you find a lost wallet with money This step is like checking your choices before you
inside, you have to decide: Do I return it, or do I decide. You can ask:
keep it? That’s a moral decision because it tests
Harm Test – Will this option hurt anyone?
your honesty and sense of responsibility.
Publicity Test – Would I be okay if
Making a moral decision is not just about how
everyone knew about my choice?
you feel—it’s about thinking deeply and using
your judgment. According to Boss (2020), moral Defensibility Test – Can I explain and
decision-making is the ability to give a reasoned defend this decision confidently?
judgment about what someone ought to do—not
Reversibility Test – Would I be okay if
just what they want to do.
someone did the same thing to me?
So in short, a moral decision means doing the
Colleague Test – What would a trusted
right thing, even when it’s hard, and thinking
friend or coworker say?
carefully about your choices."
Organization Test – Does this match the
🎤 Script:
values of the group I belong to?
"Now let’s talk about the steps in making a moral
Virtue Test – Does this action reflect the
decision. These steps help guide us when we're
kind of person I want to be?
faced with difficult choices that involve right and
wrong. 👉 Step 6: Make a Decision
After thinking through all of that, now you're
👉 Step 1: State the Problem
ready to make a choice—one that you believe is
First, figure out what the real issue is.
morally right.
Ask yourself: Is there something about this
decision that makes me feel unsure or 👉 Step 7: Review the Steps
uncomfortable? Is there a conflict of interest? This Finally, go back and review everything you did.
helps you see if there’s a moral dilemma involved. Did you miss anything? Is your decision still the
best one after rechecking the facts and values
👉 Step 2: Check the Facts
involved?
Before making any decision, you need to look at
the situation more closely. These steps help us make better, more thoughtful,
Sometimes, when we learn more details, we and more ethical decisions."
realize that the problem isn’t what we thought it
was—or it becomes even more serious. So always
gather the facts.
👉 Step 3: Identify Relevant Factors
Who are the people involved in this situation?
What rules, laws, or professional codes might
apply? Knowing these helps you understand the
responsibilities and consequences.
👉 Step 4: Develop a List of Options
Now think of your possible choices.