mUs;kpF jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu; nfhtpypd; tuyhW

Kd;Diu:

Fkup khtl;j;jpy; ehfu;nfhtpy; - jpUtde;jg[uk; rhiyapy;

tpy;Yf;Fwp nkk;ghyj;jpypUe;J fpHf;F jpirapy; Rkhu; miu

fpnyhkPl;lu; J}uj;jpy; jpUtpilf;nfhL fpuhkj;jpy; ,aw;if vHpy;

bfh";Rk; tay; gFjpfSf;F kj;jpapy; fhl;rp mspg;gJ tuyhw;W

rpwg;g[kpf;f rilag;gu; nfhtpy; MFk;. Fkup khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s

gd;dpuz;L rpthya';fspy; jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu; nfhtpYk;

xd;W. jpUtpilf;nfhL xU fhyj;jpy; Ma; kd;du;fspd; jiyefukhf

jpfH;e;jJ. jpUtpilf;nfhL tupirapy; xd;gjhtJ rpthyak; MFk;.

,J Fkup khtl;lj;jpy; gHikahd rpthyak; MFk;. jpUtpilf;nfhL

rilag;gu; nfhtpypy; eilbgWk; jpUtpHhf;fs; Mlk;gukpy;yhky;

mikjpahf eilbgWfpwJ.

nehf;fk;:

Fkup khtl;lj;jpy; mike;Js;s ,t;t{upy; rhjp rz;ilfs;

njhd;wpa nghJ kf;fs; xd;wpiza v';'dk; ,f;nfhtpypy;

Fk;ghgpn#fk; cjtpaJ vd;gij mwpat[k; gd;dpU nfhtpy;fspy;/

,jid jtpu;j;j/ kw;iwa rptd; nfhtpy;fs; kfhnjtu; bgauhny

miHf;fg;gl;l ,r;rpthyak; kl;Lk; Vd; Mjp jpuhtpluhd rilad;

bgauhy; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gjid mwpe;J btspf;bfhz;L

tUtJk; ,e;j Ma;tpd; nehf;fkhFk;. fy;btl;Lr; bra;jpfisa[k;/

tpHhf;fisa[k; mog;gilahff; bfhz;L ,t;tha;t[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

rilad; vd;td; ahu;> nfhtpy; vg;go njhd;wpaJ. bfho kuk; vg;nghJ

1
kl;Lk; epWtg;gLfpwJ> Ma;tpd; Kf;fpakhd bra;jpfis tpsf;f

g[ifg;gl fUtpa[k;/ Ma;tpw;fhd Fwpg;g[fis vLf;f Fwpg;g[

ml;ilfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. nfhtpy; rk;ke;jkhd Ma;t[ vd;gjhy;

gpw bkhHp fyg;g[ tUtJ jtpu;f;f KoahjJ. ,Ug;gpDk; jkpHpy; mika

ntz;Lk; vd;w Kaw;rpahy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rptyp';f tHpghL

rpe;Jrkbtsp ehfuPf fhyj;jpny ,Ue;jjhf mfH;thuha;r;rpapd; \yk;

bjupa tUfpwJ. ,r;rpwg;gpid cila jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu;

nfhtpiy gw;wpa Ma;t[ nkw;bfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

rhd;Wfs;:

,e;j Ma;it nkw;bfhs;s eh';fs; gy Kiwfis

ifahz;Ls;nshk;. Muk;gj;jpy; Ma;tpw;fhd rhd;Wfis nrfupf;f gy

btspaPLfs;/ g[j;jf';fs;/ ehspjH;fs; nghd;wtw;iw bjupe;bjLj;J

bfhz;nlhk;. mnjhL jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu; Myaj;jpy;

bray;gLk; mYtyf mjpfhupfs;/ g{rhupfs; re;jpj;J epu;thf

fhupa';fis bjupe;Jbfhz;nlhk;. ,e;j Mz;L jpUtpHhit neupy;

fz;L mjd; \yk; ,iwtdpd; mUis bgw;nwhk;.

rilag;gu; Myak; njhd;wpa tuyhw;iwa[k; rilag;gu; vd bgau;

tuf;fhuzj;ija[k; jpUtpilf;nfhL vd bgau; tuf;fhuzj;ija[k;

jpUtpHhf;fs; Mfpatw;iw gw;wpa[k; ,';F Ma;t[ bra;Js;nshk;.

2
 gFjp - I

gd;dpuz;L rpthya';fSk;/ rptuhj;jpupapd; rpwg;g[fSk;

gd;dpuz;L rpthya';fs; :

1. jpUkiy kfhnjtu; nfhtpy;

2. jpf;Fwpr;rp kfhnjtu; nfhtpy;

3. jpw;gug;g[ kfhnjtu; nfhtpy;

4. jpUee;jpf;fiu Filtiu nfhtpy;

5. bghd;kid jPk;gpyhd;Fo kfhnjtu; nfhtpy;

6. gd;dpghfk;

7. fy;Fsk; ePyfz;l Rthkp nfhtpy;

8. nkyh';nfhL rptd; nfhtpy;

9. jpUtpilf;nfhL kfhnjtu; nfhtpy;

10. jpUtpjh';nfhL kfhnjtu; nfhtpy;

11. jpUg;gd;wpf;nfhL kfhnjtu; nfhtpy;

12. jpUel;lhyk; r';fu ehuhazu; nfhtpy;

Mfpa gd;dpuz;L rpthya';fs; Fkup khtl;lj;jpy; cs;sd.

gd;dpuz;L rpthya';fs; :

jpUkiy:

rpthya Xl;lj;jpd; Kjy; nfhtpy; Kd;rpiw mUnf jpUkiy

kfhnjtu; nfhtpy; MFk;. ,t;thyak; fw;fhyj;ij nru;e;jJ vdt[k;/

,';fpUe;J fw;fhy Ma[j';fs;/ rpd;d';fs; nghd;wita[k;

fz;blLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;w fUj;Jf;fs; epyt[fpd;wd. rhaul;ir

Koj;j gpd;du; rpthya gf;ju;fs; ,';fpUe;J Xlj; bjhl';Ffpd;wdu;.

3
jpUkiyapy; ,Ue;J khu;j;jhz;lk; tHpahf jpf;Fwpr;rp rpthyaj;jpid

milf;fpd;wdu;.

jpf;Fwpr;rp:

,e;j Myak; jhkpuguzp ejpf;fiuapy; mike;Js;sJ.

kfhnjtu;/ tpehafu;/ _ju;k rh!;jh/ ehfuh$u; nghd;w rd;djpfSk;

cs;sJ. ,e;j Myaj;jpy; ee;jp ,y;iy. ee;jpf;Fupa tHpghl;oid xU

fpzw;wpy; bra;fpwhu;fs;. Mw;wpy; ePuho kfhnjtiu juprpf;fyhk;.

jpw;gug;g[:

jpf;Fwpr;rpapy; ,Ue;J fpHf;F nehf;fp 14 fpnyhjkPl;lu;

bjhiytpy; mike;Js;s Myak; jpw;gug;g[ rpthyak;. ,e;j Myak;

nkw;F nehf;fp mike;Js;sJ. rptd; tPu gj;jpuuhf fhl;rp jUfpwhu;.

jl;rid tjk; bra;j rptd; ,t;tplj;jpy; Xa;btLf;Fk; nghJ

nfhgf;fdy; bgh';fpa rptdpd; Kfj;ij ghu;f;f Koahky; ee;jp tlf;F

Kfk; ghu;j;J mike;Js;sij ,e;j Myaj;jpy; fhzyhk;. ,e;j rpwg;g[

kpf;f Myak; Fkupapd; Fw;whykhd jpw;gug;g[ mUtpiabahl;L

mike;Js;sJ.

jpUee;jpf;fiu:

jpw;gug;gpy; ,Ue;J fpHf;F bjw;fhf 8 fpnyhkPl;lu; bjhiytpy;

jpUee;jpf;fiu Myak; mike;Js;sJ. ,t;thyaj;jpy; ,iwtd;

ghu;tjp rnkjuhf fhl;rp jUfpwhu;. jw;nghJ mikag; bgw;wpUf;Fk;

nfhtpy;. ,iwtd; ghiwapd; btg;gk; jhs Koahky; bjg;gf;Fsj;jpy;

Rak;g[thf vGe;jUsp mt;tplj;jpy; Myak; vGk;gg;gl;lJ MFk;.

nfus jr;R rh!;jpug;goa[k; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Myaj;jpd; up#g

4
kz;lyj;jpy; 27 el;rj;jpu';fisa[k; bfhz;l jzj;Jthu';fSk;/ 52

thu';fis bfhz;lJ xU tUlk; vd;gjid gpujpgypf;Fk; tpjkhf

nkw;Twpa 52 fGf;nfhy;fshy; MdjhFk;.

bghd;kid:

jpUee;jpf;fiuapy; ,Ue;J Rkhu; 7 fpnyhkPl;lu; bjhiyapy;

bghd;kid rpthyak; mike;Js;sJ. ,';F ,iwtd; fpHf;F Kfkhf

jpg;gpyhd; Fo kfhnjtuhf fhl;rp jUfpwhu;. ,e;j Myaj;jpd; Kd;g[

rpwg;ghf bjg;gf;Fsk; mike;Js;sJ. ,t;thyaj;jpy; rpthya

gf;ju;fSf;F ,sePu;/ ghdfk; nghd;wit ju;k tH';FtJ

bjhd;Wbjhl;L ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.

gd;dpg;ghfk; :

bghd;kidapy; ,Ue;J 12 fpnyhkPl;lu; bjhiytpy; gd;dpg;ghfk;

rpthyak; mike;Js;sJ. jf;fiy mUnf Kl;ilf;fhL $';#dpy;

,Ue;J 3 fpnyhkPl;lu; bjhiytpy; tay;btspfSk;/ ePnuhilfSk;/

kiyfSk; NH;e;j ,aw;if tdg;g[ kpf;f ,lj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.

,';F tpehafu; kw;Wk; ehfuh$u; rd;djpfSk; cs;sd.

fy;Fsk; :

gd;dpg;ghf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpHf;fhf 6-tJ fpnyhkPl;lu;

bjhiytpy; tuyhw;W rpwg;g[kpf;f gj;kehgg[uk; nfhl;ilf;Fs;

mike;Js;sJ. fy;Fsk; ePyfz;nl!;tuu; Myak; ,';F

Mjp\y\u;j;jpahf Mjp\y Rthkp vd;w rptyp';fk; mike;Js;sJ.

,J Rkhu; 10 mo cauk; cs;sJ. gpd;du; jhd; jw;nghJ fhzg;gLk;

Myak;. kd;du; khu;j;jhz;ltu;kh Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. kd;du;

5
kJiuapy; rpyfhyk; j';fpapUe;j nghJ kPdhl;rpak;kd; Myaj;jpy;

juprpj;J te;j nghJ vGe;j Mtypd; ngupy; ,e;j Myak; fl;lg;gl;lJ.

,e;j ePyfz;nl!;tu; kw;Wk; rf;jp rd;djpfs; mikf;fg;gl;L Myak;

fk;gPukhf nfhg[uj;Jld; fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ. ,e;j Myak; Kd;dhspy;

jpUtpjh';Tu; bfhr;rp rk!;jhdj;jpd; jiyefupy; mike;jpUe;jJ.

nkyh';nfhL:

fy;Fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J 3 fpnyhkPl;lu; bjhiytpy; Fkhunfhtpy;

mUfpy; mike;Js;s nkyh';nfhL ,rf;fpak;kd; nfhtpy; mUnf

mike;Js;sJ. vl;lhtJ rpthyak; nkyh';nfhL MFk;. rptuhj;jpup

jpdk; kl;Lkd;wp ,ju ehl;fspYk; Vuhskhd gf;ju;fshy; juprpf;fg;gLk;

Myak; ,J MFk;.

jpUtpilf;nfhL:

nkyh';nfhL rpthyaj;jpy; ,Ue;J Rkhu; 5 fpnyhkPl;lu;

bjhiytpy; mike;Js;sJ jpUtpilf;nfhL MFk;. ,e;j Myak;

bjg;gf;Fsj;Jld; ,ize;J kw;Wk; cau;e;J fhzg;gLk; mikg;g[

rpwg;g[kpf;fjhFk;. jpUtpjh';Tu; bfhr;rp rk!;jhdj;jpd; bew;fs";rpak;

vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; eh";rpy; ehl;od; xU gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ.

jpUtpjh';nfhL:

jpUtpilf;nfhl;oy; ,Ue;J 8 fpnyhkPl;lu; bjhiytpy;

jpUtpjh';nfhL rpthyak; mike;Js;sJ. jpUtpjh';nfhL fpuhkk;

ntzhl;ow;f;F rpyfhyk; jiyefukhf ,Ue;jJ. gHk;bgUk;

Mya']fis bfhz;Ls;sJ. ,';F rptd; kw;Wk; tp#]qt[f;fF

jdpj;jdp rd;djpfs; mike;Js;sd.

6
jpUg;gd;wpf;nfhL:

jpUtpjh';nfhl;oy; ,Ue;J nkw;fhf Rkhu; 4 fpnyhkPl;lu;

bjhiytpy; gs;spahoapy; jpUg;gd;wpf;nfhL Myak; mike;Js;sJ.

nfus fl;ol fiyapd; rpwg;g[fSld; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; ,e;j Myak;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thya tpkhdj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rkhf md;dg{u;nd!;tup

mk;kDf;F ,';F jdpahf rd;djp cs;sJ. nkYk; ru;tkj

gpuhu;j;jid jykhf gs;spaho giHag;gs;sp jpUj;jyj;jpd; mUnf

,j;jyk; mike;Js;sJ.

jpUel;lhyk; :

jpUg;gd;wpf;nfhL rpthyaj;jpy; ,Ue;J nkw;fhf Rkhu; 4

fpnyhkPl;lu; bjhiytpy; jpUel;lhyk; Myaj;jpy; ,iwtd; r';fu

ehuhazdhf fhl;rp jUfpwhu;. ,f;nfhtpy; Fsj;jpd; nkw;fpy;

rpthyaKk;/ fpHf;fpy; jpUf;fz;zg;gu; MyaKk; mike;Js;sJ.

rpthya Xl;lk; bry;Yk; gf;ju;fSf;F ,';F kl;Lnk gpurhjkhf

re;jdk; mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,ju 11 Mya';fspYk; tpg{jp kl;Lnk

gpurhjkhf tH';fg;gLfpwJ.

jpUtpHhitbahl;o ,e;j Myaj;jpy; ehd;F ahk g{i$fs;

elf;fpwJ. ehL KGtJk; rptuhj;jpup 12-k; njjp bfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

md;W kl;Lnk rptd; nfhtpy;fspy; 24 kzp neuKk; eil jpwe;jpUf;Fk;.

7
 rptuhj;jpapd; rpwg;g[fs;

rptbgUkhdpd; g[fH; ghLk; g[z;zpa jpdkhf tpujkpUe;J

tHpgLk; ehns rptuhj;jpup ehshFk;. khrp khj fpU#;z rJu;j;jpad;W

rptbgUkhd; nfho Nupa xspa[ld; rptyp';f +gj;jpy; cjakhfpwhu;.

me;j ehs; rptbgUkhDf;F kpft[k; gpupakhd ehshFk;.

rptbgUkhdpd; Kfk;/ if/ fhy; Mfpa cWg;g[fs; ,y;yhky;

ghzyp';fkha; Mya';fspy; gf;ju;fSf;F mUs; ghtpj;J tUtij

fhzyhk;. Mya';fspy; tHpgLk; rptyp';fk; Kk;\u;j;jpfspd; cUtk;

bfhz;lJ. rptyp';fj;jpd; mog;gFjp gpuk;khft[k; kj;jpa gFjp

tp#;qghfkhft[k; ghz gFjp rptkhft[k; Kk;\u;j;jpfis bfhz;lJ.

rptyp';fk; Ie;J tif:

1. Rak;g[yp';fk;

2. fzyp';fk;

3. ijtpfyp';fk;

4. Muplyp';fk;

5. khDlyp';fk; vd;gditahFk;.

rptuhj;jpup jpd bghUs;

rptuhj;jpupf;F bghUs; brhy;y ntz;Lk; vd;why; \d;W

tifahf brhy;yyhk;.

1. rptuhj;jpup tpujk;

2. khrp fpU#;z rJu;j;jrp

3. khrp fpU#;z rJu;j;jrp rptuhj;jpup

8
rptbgUkhd; g";rg{jkhf tps';Ffpwhu;. mjhtJ epyk;/ ePu;/ beUg;g[/

tha[/ Mfhak; :Mfpa rpwg;g[ bgw;W tps';Ffpwhu;.

kfhrptuhj;jpup tpujk; :

rptuhj;jpupad;W ehd;F $hk';fSk; ghu;j;J yp';fj;Jf;F

g{i$fs;/ mgpn#f';fs; Muhjidfs; bra;J rptdoahu;fSf;F

j';fshy; Koe;j fhzpf;iffs; jhd';fs; bfhLj;J rptgpuPjp bra;tJ

rpwg;ghFk;. rpt bgUkhDf;F mgpn#f gpupau; vd;w gl;l bgau; cz;L

Kjy; $hkj;jpy; ghYld; ,uz;lhk; $hkj;jpy; japUld; \d;whk;

$hkj;jpy; bea;a[ld; ehd;fhk; $hkj;jpy; njDld; mgpn#fk; bra;J

rptbgUkhid Fspu itf;fpwhu;fs;. rptuhj;jpup cgthrk;

rptuhj;jpupad;W me;j ehs; KGtJk; cz;zhky; cgthrk; ,Ug;gJ

tpnr#khFk;. rptuhj;jpupad;W rpthyak; brd;W rptehk ghuhazk;

bra;jhy; rptbgUkhdpd; gpuPjpia mila Koa[k;. rptuhj;jpup tpujk;

ehd;F tiffs;/ rptuhj;jpup tpujj;ij gw;wp !;fe;j g[uhzj;jpy; kpf

mHfhf brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;bthU khjKk; fpU#;z rJu;j;jpad;W

cgthrkpUe;J tHpgl;lhy;/ khr rptuhj;jpup tpujk; jp';fl;fpHika[k;

mkhthir jpjp nru;e];J te;jhy; a[tfPf rptuhj;jpup khrp khjk; fpU#;z

rJu;j;jpad;W rptbgUkhid tHpgl;lhy; kfh rptuhj;jpup vd;W

brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rptuhj;jpup tuyhW:

_ Qupf;Fk; gpuk;knjtDf;Fk; ,ilna j';fSf;Fs; ahu;

bgupatu; vd;W ru;r;ir vGe;jJ. mg;nghJ mtu;fSf;fpilna n$hjp

gpHk;g[ njhd;wpaJ. ,Utupy; ,g;gpHk;g[ moiaa[k; Koiaa[k; fhz;gtu;

9
ahnuh mtu;fns bgupatu;fs; vd;w epu;zaj;Jf;F te;jhu;fs;. tp#;q

moiaa[k; gpuk;k njtd; Koiaa[k; njo mau;e;J nghdhu;fs;.

bgUkhs; mtu;fSf;F cz;ik "hdj;ij btspg;gLj;j yp';f +gkha;

fhl;rp je;J czu bra;jhu;. rptbgUkhd; yp';f totkha; njhd;wpa

fhynk yp';nfhw; fhyk; vdg;gLk;.

10
 gFjp - II

rilag;gu; vd bgau; tu fhuzk;

Rkhu; Mapuj;jp IE}W tUl';fSf;F Kd; ghiwao vd;w

rpw;W}upy; Mjpjpuhtpl tFg;igr; rhu;e;j rilad; vd;w ViH tpwF

btl;Lk; bjhHpyhsp thH;e;J te;jhd;. xU ehs; rilad; tpwF

btl;Ltjw;fhf md;W fhlhf tps';fpa jpUtpilf;nfhL gFjpf;F

brd;whu;. tpwFfis nrfupj;jgpd; fl;Ltjw;fhf bfhoia njo

miye;jhd;. mg;nghJ gR xd;W ,we;J fplg;gij ghu;j;jhd;. mtd;

vz;zk; jpirkhwp mjd; njhiy cupj;J ey;y tpiyf;F tpw;fyhk;

vd;W jd; mupthis Tu;ikahf;f xU fy;ypy; jPl;odhd;. mg;nghJ

me;j fy;ypypUe;J ,uj;jk; tHptij ghu;j;J mjpu;r;rpaile;J jd;

jiyapy; fl;o ,Ue;j Jz;il vLj;J ,uj;jk; tHptij jLj;J

epWj;jpdhu;. gR fple;j ,lj;jpy; gRit fhztpy;iy. mtUf;F gak;

bjhw;wpf;bfhs;s jd; Foirapy; te;J J}';fp tpl;lhu;.

,';F eilbgw;w epfH;r;rp md;iwa kfhuh$htpd; fdtpy;

bjd;gl;lJ. Vtyu;fsplk; ghiwao Cupy; tpwF btl;Lk; bjhHpyhsp

xUtd; cs;shd; vd;Wk; mtid miHj;J tUk;goa[k;

fl;lisapl;lhu;. Vtyu;fs; jd; Foir Kd;dho epw;gij ghu;j;j

rilad; mjpu;r;rp mile;jhd;. Vtyu;fs; rilaid muz;kidf;fp

miHj;J brd;wdu;. kd;du; eP md;W fl;oa Jz;L ahuplkpUe;J

th';fpaJ vd;W nfl;f MSiu rhu;e;j bert[ bjhHpyhsplk;

th';fpajhf Twpdhd;. kd;dd; bert[ bjhHpyhspia miHj;J tu

Miz gpwg;gpf;f mtUk; miHj;J tug;gl;lhu;. kd;du; me;j mjpra

11
epfH;r;rp eilbgw;w ,lj;jpy; jpUf;nfhtpy; fl;l Miz gpwg;gpj;jhu;.

rilad; rk;ke;jg;gl;l epfH;r;rpapd; mog;gilapy; nfhtpy;

vGg;gg;gl;ljhy; me;j nfhtpYf;F rilag;gu; nfhtpy; vd bgau;

Nl;odhu;.

,ilf;fhl;L rpj;ju; :

gjpbzhd; rpj;ju;fspy; xUtuhd ,ilf;fhlu; ,j;jyj;jpy;;

rkhjpahdhu; vd;Wk; ,ilf;fhL jhd; ,ilf;nfhL Mfp gpd;du; mJnt

jpUtpilf;nfhL vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. nfhtpypd; fpHf;nf rpWJ

J}uj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,ilf;fhlu; kiyiaa[k; ,ilf;fhlu;

Fsj;ija[k ,izj;J ,ilf;fhL rpj;jnuhL vd

miHf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

RUjp rhkpahu; :

jpUtpilf;nfhL nfhtpypd; Kd;gf;fk; K";rpiwiar; rhu;e;j

uhkd;gps;is vd;w xU rpj;jupd; rkhjpa[s;sJ. ,tu; jkJ gd;dpuz;L

tajpy; jpUtpilf;nfhL te;jhu;. RUjp rhkpahu; gjpndG tajpy; fhrp

brd;W 35-tajpy; jpUk;gpdhu; vd;Wk; 102-tJ tajpy; rptdo nru;e;jhu;

vd;Wk; Cu; kf;fs; TWfpd;wdu;. Cu; kf;fs; ,tuplk; kpft[k; kupahij

itj;jpUe;jdu; vd;W bjupfpwJ.

rh!;jh:

jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu; nfhtpypd; btspg;gufuj;jpYk;/

btspnaa[k; rh!;jh nfhtpy; cs;sJ. xU fhiy klf;fp xU fhiy

bjh';Fk; go ,Ug;gjhf mike;J cs;sJ. rh!;jh nfhtpypd;

12
,Ug[wKk; tyJgf;fk; tpehafUk; ,lJ gf;fk; ehfUk; jdpj;jdpahf

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fd;dp \y tpehafu; :

,e;Jf;fs; ve;j bjhHpiy bjhl';fpdhYk; mJ ,ila{wpd;wp

Koa tpf;ndRtu fzgjpia Kjypy; tHpgLtJ tHf;fkhFk;.

tpehafupd; totk; ahidKfk; kdpj clYk; bfhz;L mike;Js;sJ.

tpehafuJ gUj;j tapW vy;yh mz;l';fSk; jd;Ds;slf;fk;

vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. tpehafu; gpuk;kr;rhup vd;W bghJthff;

TwpdhYk; mtu; konky; rf;jpia itj;Jf;bfhz;L ty;yg

fzgjpahfr; rpy ,l';fspy; fhzg;gLfpwhu;. ghy fzgjp/ Cu;j;Jt

fzgjp Kjypa tpehafu; tot';fSk; cz;L. jpUtpilf;nfhL

nfhtpypy; rhjhuz fzgjpna fhzg;gLfpwhu;.

bfho kuk; :

,f;nfhtpypy; bfho kuk; 2014-y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

jpUtpilf;nfhl;oy; mikf;fg]gl;l bfho kukhdJ 521/2 mo cauk;

cilaJ.

tpilahfpa fhis trpj;j fhL Mifahy; jpUtpilf;nfhL vd

tH';fg;gl;ljhft[k; Twg;gLfpwJ. ahidf;fhy; ghiwapy;

,aw;ifahfnt xU Fif cs;sJ. ,';F rh!;jh nfhtpy; cs;sJ.

vj;jifa nfhil fhyj;jpYk; rh!;jhtpd; nky; ghiwapYkpUe;J

xt;bthU Jspahf ePu; tpGe;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpwJ. nfhtpypd; fpHf;F

gf;fk; Fsk; cs;sJ. rptDf;F cUtk; fpilahJ. ePs;tl;lkhf

13
fhzg;gLfpwJ yp';fk; tl;lkhf fhzg;gLtjhy; Mjp me;jk;

,y;yhjJ rptd; vd;gij yp';f totk; fhl;LfpwJ.

gpunjh#k; :

khjkpU Kiw tsu;gpiw/ nja;gpiw Mfpa ,uz;L

fhy';fspYk; tUk; jpunahjrp njjpapy; Nupad; kiwtjw;F Kd;

cs;s fhykhfpa khiy 5.30 kzp 7.00 kzp tiuapy; cs;s fhynk

gpunjh# fhykhFk;. rpt bgUkhd; Myfhy tp#j;ij cz;l ehs;

rdpf;fpHik. mjdhy; rdpf;fpHik md;W rdp gpunjh#k; kpfr;rpwe;jJ.

gpunjh# ntisapy; rptbgUkhd; ghu;tjp njtpa[ld; ee;jp thfdj;jpd;

kPJ mku;e;J Myaj;ij Kk;Kiw tyk;tUk; nghJ Kjy; Rw;wpy; ntj

ghuhazKk;/ ,uz;lhk; Rw;wpy; jpUKiw ghuhazKk;/ \d;whk; Rw;wpy;

ehjRu ,d;dpira[k; eilbgWk;. ehKk; cld; brd;W Kk;Kiw tyk;

te;J ,iwtid tz';f ntz;Lk;. jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu;

nfhtpypy; gpunjh# ehspy; rpwg;g[ g{i$ eilbgWk;. kf;fs; bgUk;

mstpy; te;J rptid tHpgLthu;fs;. gpunjh# fhyj;jpy; rptid

tHpgl;lhy; xUtUlk] Myak; brd;W tHpghL bra;a[k; gyd;

fpilf;Fk;.

ee;jpapd; cf;fpuk; :

gd;dpuz;L rpthya';fspy] ehfu;nfhtpiy mLj;Js;sJ

jputpilf;nfhL. ,f;nfhtpy; njhd;wpa tuyhW Fwpj;J fhz guk;giuf;

fijfs; rpy Twg;gLfpwJ. tpil vd;why; vUJ mjhtJ ee;jp

,f;nfhtpiy fl;Lk; nghJ Mt[ila[ld; rptyp';f cUita[k;

ee;jpapd; cUita[k; brJf;fp bfhz;oUe;jhu;. Mt[il ee;jp ,uz;L

14
cUt';fisa[k; rpw;gpfs; Kjypy; brJf;fp tpl;ldu;. ee;jpapd; cUtk;

kpft[k; g{u;zj;Jtk; bgw;W tpl;ljhy; cf;fpuk; To tpl;lJ. ,jdhy;

CUf;F bjhe;jut[ Vw;gl ee;jpapd; cUtj;jpy; xU bfhk;iga[k;

jpkpypd; xU gFjpiaa[k; rpw;gpfs; btl;o tpl;ldu;. mg;nghJk; cf;fpuk;

ml';ftpy;iy. Kot[ bgwhj rptyp';f cUit Mtila[ld;

!;jhgpj;J mjd; Kd;du; ee;jpiaa[k; gpujp#;il bra;j gpd;du; jhd;

ee;jpapd; cf;fpuk; ml';fpaJ. fUtiwapy; fhzg;gLk; rptyp';f

cUtk; Kw;W bgwhky; ,Ug;gjw;F ,Jnt fhuzk; vd;W TWtu;.

btl;lg;gl;l bfhk;iga[k;/ jpkpiya[k;/ ee;jpapd; cUtj;jpy; ehk; ,d;W

fhzyhk;. ,J xU fij.

15
 gFjp - III

rpthya Xl;l tHpghL

,e;jpahtpd; bjd; nfhoapYs;s fd;dpahFkupapYs;s gf;ju;fs;

Rkhu; 100 fpnyhkPl;lu; J}uj;ij xnu ehspy; Xona fle;J ,iwtid

tHpgLfpd;wdu;. rptuhj;jpupad;W gf;ju;fs; rptg;g[ cilazpe;J

ifapny tprpwp Ve;jp nfhtpe;jh/ nfhghyh vd;w jpUkhypd;

jpUehk';fis cr;rupj;J bfhz;nl ,e;j gd;dpuz;L rpthya';fis

nehf;fp XLtJ fz;bfhs;sh fhlrpahFk;. jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu;

nfhtpy; xd;gjhtJ nfhtpy; MFk;. rptuhj;jpup md;W Vd; Xl ntz:Lk;

vd;W g[uhzfij gjpy; jUfpwJ. ghz;ltu;fspy; Kjy;thud ju;ku;

elj;jpa xU ahfj;jpw;F g[U#h kpUfk; vd;w tpy';fpd; ghy;

njitg;gl;lJ. me;j kpUfk; rptd; kPJ gf;jp bfhz;lJ. tp#;qit

me;j kpUfk; btWj;jJ. g[U#h kpUfj;jpw;F Qupa[k;/ rptDk; xd;nw

vd;gij czu;j;jt[k;/ gPkdpd; mfe;ijia mlf;f jpl;lkpl]lhu;. g[U#h

kpUfk; jhf;fpdhy; ,e;j cj;jpuhr';fis xt;bthd;wha; jiuapy] nghL

vd gd;dpuz;L cj;jpuhl;r fha;fis mtd; ifapy; bfhLj;jhu;. ghy;

fwf;f Kaw;rpf;Fk; Kd;g[ nfhtpe;jh nfhghyh vd;whd;. rpt gf;jp

bfhz;lJ. gPkid tpul;oaJ gPkd; jd; ifapypUe;j cj;jpuhl;

r';fis xt;bthU ,lkha; nghl mit rptyp';f';fshf khwpd.

clnd g[U#h kpUfk; tHpgl Muk;gpj;jJ. g[U#h kpUfk;

rptyp';fj;ij tHpghL bfhz;oUf;Fk; ntisapy; gPkd; jg;gpj;njhk;

gpiHj;njhk; vd Xodhd;. ,g;go gd;dpuz;L ,l';fspy; rptyp';f';fs;

cUthapd. ,dp mtd; ifapy; vJt[kpy;iy. Mdhy; mjw;Fs; g[U#h

16
kpUfk; mtdJ fhiy gpoj;J tpl;lJ. jd;id tpl;L tpLk;go gPkd; jd;

mfe;ij vy;yhk; tpl;L capUf;F bf";rpdhd;. clnd ju;kdplk; te;J

ePjp nfl;lJ. g[U#h kpUfj;jpw;F ghjp cly; brhe;jk; vd fl;lis

gpwg;gpj;jhu;. ju;kdpd; ePjpiaa[k; neu;ikiaa[k; ghuhl;o gPkid tpl;L

tpl;lJ. Qupa[k; rptDk; xd;nw vd;gij czu;e;J ahfj;jpw;Fk; ghYk;

bfhLj;jJ.

,t;thW gPkd; Xo te;jij epidt[ gLj;jnt ,e;j Xl;;l tHpghL

elf;fpwJ. ,jw;F rpthya Xl;lk; vd bgau; bgw;wJ. rptbgUkhd; kPJ

gf;jp bfhz;l ty; muf;fd;/ rptbgUkhdplk; jtk; ,Ue;J xU tuk;

bgw;whd;. me;j tuk; vd;dbtd;why; Ms; fhl;o tpuiy ahu; Kd;

Nz;odhy; mtd; jiy Jz;lhf;fgLk; vd;W tuk; bgw;whd;. ,e;j

tuj;ij nrhjpf;f rptbgUkhdpd; kPJ Ms;fhl;o tpuiy ePl;odhd;.

mg;bghGJ rptbgUkhd; jpUkiy/ jpf;Fwpr;rp/ jpw;gug;g[/

jpUee;jpf;fiu/ bghd;kid/ jpUg;gd;dpg;ghfk;/ fy;Fsk;/

nkyh';nfhL/ jpUtpilf;nfhL/ jpUtpjh';nfhL/ jpUg;gd;wpf;nfhL/

jpUel;lhyk; Mfpa ,l';fspy; Xo kiwe;jhu;. jd;id fhg;ghw;w

tp#;qtplk; ntz;odhu;. tp#;q nkhfpdp ty; muf;fdplk; jd;id

thH;ehs; KGtJk; fhg;ghw;w ntz;Lk; vd rj;jpak; nfl;lhs;. cd;id

bfhz;L MizapL vd;W Twpdhs;. tuj;ij kwe;J Ms; fhl;o tuiy

jd; kPJ Nz;odhd;. muf;fdpd; jiy Jz;lhf;fg;gl;lJ. nkhfpdp

ntlj;jpy; ,Ue;J tp#;q jd; ntlj;jpy; te;jhu;. muf;fDf;F Kf;jp

mspj;jhu;. ,t;thW gd;dpuz;L rpthya nfhtpy;fshf cs;sJ.

rptuhj;jpupia Kd;dpl;L rpthya';fspy; fpUj;jdh vd;Dk;

epfH;r;rp elf;Fk;. tl;l totk; bfhz;l brg;g[ ghj;jpuj;jpd; eLtpy; xU

mjd; tHpahf jz;zPu;/ ghy; my;yJ bea;ia rptDf;F mgpn#fk;

bra;tu;. ,e;j epfH;r;rp xt;bthU Mz;Lk; xt;bthU nfhtpypy;

elf;Fk;. gd;dpuz;L Mz;L epiwt[Wk; nghJ gd;dpuz;L

nfhtpy;fspYk; nru;e;J fpUjjhiu eilbgWk; ,e;j Kiwg;go 1990-k;

Mz;L filrpahf gd;dpuz;L nfhtpy;fspYk; fpjjhiu ele;jJ ,dp

,e;j Mz;oy; jhd; ,ij fhz Koa[k;.

xd;gjpd; bgUik:

gd;dpuz;L rpthy';fspy; xd;gjhtJ ,lkhf tUtJ

jpUtpilf;nfhlhFk;. ,e;J rkaj;jpy; xd;gjw;bfd jdp rpwg;g[

cs;sJ. b$gk; bra;tjw;bfd ehk; gad;gLj;Jk; khiyfspy;

Kj;Jf;fspd; vz;zpf;if 108 my;yJ 54 my;yJ 36 Mf ,Uf;f

ntz;Lk; vd rh!;jpu tpjp cs;sJ. ,Jt[k; Tl xd;gJ vd;w

Tl;Lj;bjhif tUtjw;fhfj;jhd; ek;Kila thH;f;ifia

cau;j;jnth jhH;j;jnth gyk; bgw;w rpfu';fs; xd;gJ.

 Nupad;

 re;jpud;

 brt;tha;

 g[jd;

 FU

 Rf;fpud;

 rdp

 ,uhF

18
nfJ:

rptbgUkhdpd; bew;wp fz;zpypUe;J mf;dp g[wg;gl;L KUf

bgUkhd; njhd;wpa bghGJ Vw;gl;l btg;gj;jhy; m";rp Xoa ghu;tjp

njtpapd; fhy;fspypUe;J rpjwpa kzpfs; xd;gJ. ,k;kzpfspy;

njhd;wpa xd;gJ bgz;fsplk; njhd;wpa xd;gJ tPuu;fs; KUfdpd;

rnfhjuu;fhshtu; etJu;iffs; xd;gJ.

,j;jifa bgUika[k;/ g[dpjk; kpf;fJk; xd;gJ. fd;dpahFkup

khtl;lj;jpy; rptuhj;jpup ehspy; gf;ju;fs; juprpf;Fk; gd;dpuz;L

rpthy';fspy; xd;gjhtJ mike;J rpwg;g[ bgw;Ws;s jpUtpilf;nfhL

rilag;gu; Myak; MFk;.

rilag;gupd; Fk;ghgpn#f ntisapy; fle;j fhy bgUikfs; :

jpUtpilf;nfhl;oy; thH;e;j bry;yk;khs; vd;gtu; nfhtpy;

gzpiar; bra;J Xa;t[ bgw;wtu;. mtu; jpdKk; ,UgJ kuf;fhy; bea;

mse;J tPl;ow;F bfhz;L tUthu;. mij iff;Fj;jyhf Fj;jp

mjpypUe;J fpilj;j vl;L kuf;fhy] murpiaf; nfhtpYf;F bfhLg;ghu;

,e;j ntiyf;F Typahf mtUf;F gj;J fl;or;nrhW/ jpdKk kjpak;

mtUf;F bfhLf;fg;gLk;. mtu;fs; ,g;gzpf;F tUtjw;fhd

fhuzj;ija[k; Twpdhu;. nfushtpy; ghwrhiyapy; rhj;jd;tpis

nkilapy; tPl;L jwthl;oy; thH;e;j khnjtpgps;isa[k; kfs; byl;Rkp

gps;isa[k; njhHpa[khf cw;whu; cwtpdUk; khu;fHp jpUthjpiu md;W

RrPe;jpuk; nfhtpYf;F brd;whu;fs;. nfhtpypy; MUj;uh juprdk; Koe;J

fhy;eilahf jpUk;gp te;jdu;. tUk; tHpapy; rilag;gu; nfhtpy;

m';fpUe;j kuj;joapy; ,isg;ghwpdhu;fs;. ele;J te;j fisg;g[

19
jz;zPu; jhfk; Mfpatw;why; mtu;fs; tpisahl;lhf mUfpYs;s

bjd;id kuj;jpypUe;J v';fSf;F Fog;gjw;F ,sePu; fpilf;Fkhdhy;

,f;nfhtpYf;F jhjp ntiy bra;at[k; jahu; vd;whu;fshk;. <rd;

tpisahl;L vd;W brhy;y ntz;Lk; mUfpypUe;J kuj;jpypUe;j jyh

xU ,sePu; tPjk; fpilf;Fk;go jhdhf jhfk; jPu;e;J tpl;lJ. gpd;du; tPL

jpUk;gpdhu;fs;. ,e;j epfH;r;rp fdtpy; kd;dDf;F bjupe;jJ. vdnt

muR fl;lis go mf;FLk;gj;jhiu jhjp ntiyf;F mku;j;jpdhu;.

20
 gFjp - IV

tHpghl;od; jj;Jt tiffSk; tpHhf;fSk;

tHpghl;od; jj;Jt tiffs; :

,iwtid miltjw;F kdpjd; nkw;bfhs;Sk; Kaw;rpna

tHpghlhFk;. tHp + ghL tHpghL vd;gJ ,iwtDld; ,uz;lwf; fye;J

tpLtjhFk;.

1. jdpkdpjd;

2. FLk;g

3. rKjha

4. rka

5. epWtd

jdp kdpjdhf tHpghL bra;tjhFk;. tPl;onyh nfhtpypnyh Tl

,j;jifa tHpghL eilbgWfpwJ. FLk;g tHpghL FLk;gkhfnth

Tl;L FLk;gkhfnth VjhtJ tpnr# jpdj;jpy; g{i$ bra;tjhFk;.

rKjha tHpghL rKjhaj;jpy; cs;s kf;fs; midtUk; nru;e;J

nfhtpypy; tHpghL bra;tjhFk;. rka tHpghL rkaj;ij rhu;e;JtUk;.

jd; rkaj;jpy; Tl;lhfnth/ jdpahfnth tHpghL bra;tJ rka

tHpghlhFk;. epWtd tHpghL xU jdpg;gl;l epWtdj;jpd; cWg;gpdu;fs;

,ize;J epWtdk; rhu;ghf tHpghL elj;JtJ epWtd tHpghL

vd;wiHf;fg;gLfpwJ. g{i$f;Fupa kyu;fs; jhHk;g{ rptDf;F

cfe;jjy;y. musp/ jhkiu/ Jsrp/ ky;ypif/ gpr;rp/ ee;jpahtl;il

nghd;w kyu;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

21
jpUtpsf;F tHpghl elf;Fk; Kiw:

jpUtpsf;F jkpH;khjf; filrp jp';fspy; bgz;fs; tpsf;F

tHpghL bfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;. 108/ 1008 tpsf;Ffs; bfhz;L te;J

bgz;fs; g{i$ bra;fpd;wdu;. jpUtpsf;fpd; moapy; Edp thiH ,iy

,Ltu;. btw;wpiy/ ghf;F/ gHk;/ fw;g{uk;/ gj;jp/ mty;/ bghup/ F';Fkk;/

g{f;fs; ,tw;iwg; gilg;gu;. 108 jputpsf;Fg; nghw;wpfisa[k; XJtu;.

tpHhf;fs; kf;fis xw;Wikg;gLj;jp ey;tHpf;F bfhz;L tUk;

Mw;wYiladthFk;. ehLfs;njhWk; tpHhf;fs; gy;ntW tifapy;

eilbgWfpd;w rkak;/ r\fk; mog;gilapYk; tpHhf;fs;

bfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wd.

,d;W kf;fs; jiytu;fspd; gpwe;j ehs; tpHh/ FoauR tpHh/

tpLjiy tpHh nghd;w tpHhf;fisf; bfhz;lho tUfpd;wdu;. jpU

tpHhtpw;F tu ,ayhj kf;fisj; njo bry;tjw;Fj; jpUtpHhf;fs;

Jizahf cs;sd. tpHhf;fspy; mog;gilna r=f thH;f;if

cUthf;fpwJ.

jpUtpHhf;fs;

rpj;jpiu tpR md;W bfhonaw;wj;Jld; jpUtpHh Muk;gkhfpwJ.

bfhonaw;wj;jpw;F Kd;g[ epfH;git fGF kuj;jpidf; bfhz;L te;J

mjw;F epiw ehHp gHk;/ nj';fha;/ btw;wpiy/ ghf;F/ gf;jp nghd;wit

gilj;J g{i$ bra;ag;gLfpwJ.

22
Kjy; ehs; jpUtpHh:

rpj;jpiu khjk; xd;whk; njjp khiy 6.30-8.30 kzpf;Fs;

bfhonaw;wk; epfH;fpwJ. ,J Kjy; ehs; jpUtpHhthFk;.

,uz;lhk; ehs; jpUtpHh:

khiyapy; Rthkp my';fhuk; bra;ag;gl;L fhis thfdj;jpYk;/

rh!;jh ahid thfdj;jpYk; vGe;jUshy; eilbgWfpwJ. ,J

xd;gjhk; jpUtpHh tiu eilbgWk;. ,uz;lhk; ehs; Xl;lk; Js;sy;

vd;w fij epfH;r;rp eilbgWk;.

\d;whk; ehs; jpUtpHh:

\d;whk;/ ehd;fhk; Mfpa ,uz;L ehl;fspYk; Rthkpf;F

my';fhu';fs; bra;ag;gl;L jPghuhjid epfH;fpwJ. khiyapy; _gyp

vGe;jUsy; eilbgWfpwJ. jpdKk; eilbgWk; g{i$fs;

eilbgWfpd;wd.

Ie;jhk; ehs; jpUtpHh:

fhiyapy; thfd Ke;jpd ehs; vLg;gJ nghd;nw vLj;Jr;

bry;yg;gLfpwJ. thfdj;jpd; Kd;dhy; ,';F gzpg[upa[k; jhjp bgz;fs;

ghdp tpsf;F Kd; bfhz;L bry;thu;fs;. r';F KH';f _gyp

vGe;jUsy; vl;L ehl;fSk; eilbgWfpwJ.

MW/ VHhk; ehs; jpUtpHh:

jpd g{i$a[ld; my';fhu mgpn#f';fs; bra;ag;gl;L _gyp cyh

epfH;fpwJ. fiy epfH;r;rpfs; xt;bthU ehSk; ,ut[ eilbgWk;.

kiyahs ehlfKk; eilbgWk;.

23
vl;lhk; ehs; jpUtpHh:

jpdrup g{i$fs; eilbgWfpwJ. ,ut[ _gyp vGe;jUSf;Fg;

gpwF gf;j gpufyhjdpd; fij ,lk;bgWk;. fjfsp/ rka khehLfs;

eilbgWk;.

xd;gjhk; ehs; jpUtpHh:

Rthkpf;F eilbgWk; epfH;r;rpfshf jPg/ J}g my';fhu';fs;

eilbgWfpd;wd. ,ut[ 12 kzpf;F gs;sp ntl;il eilbgWfpwJ. Kd;g[

nfhHp gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,g;bghGJ capu; gyp epWj;jg;gl;L cs;sJ.

gs;sp ntl;il:

,ut[ gd;dpuz;L kzpf;F Rthkp/ mk;ghs; tpf;uf';fs; gs;sp

ntl;ilf;Fj; jahuhfpwJ. gs;sp ntl;il md;W jhd; bgupa Kfg;g[

thapy; fjtpid jpwg;ghu;. md;W jhd; Rthkpia btspna bfhz;L

tUfpd;wdu;. ,e;epfH;r;rp Koj;J _gyp tpf;uf';fs; gl;L Jzpapy; gs;sp

fplj;jg;gLfpwJ. gs;sp ntl;il Koe;j gpwF thdntof;iffs;

eilbgWfpd;wd.

gj;jhk; ehs; jpUtpHh:

gj;jhk; ehs; ,iwtdJ Kd;ghf gRt[k; fd;Wk; epWj;jg;gLfpwJ.

,jidg; ghu;j;jg; gpwnf gfthd; JapYzu;fpwhu;. ,d;W gR ,e;Jf;fspd;

g[dpj tpy';F nfhkhjh g{i$ ,jw;nf cupajhFk;.

Mwhl;L:

Rthkpa[k;/ mk;ghSk; cyh Koj;J Mwhl;L eilbgWfpwJ.

Mwhl;od; nghJ k";rs; ePuhl;L kpf rpwe;j ,lj;ij bgWfpwJ.

guptl;lkhfpa Mil cLj;jg;gl;L nuh$h kyu; khiyfs; Rthkpf;F

24
mzpag;gLfpwJ. Mwhl;L Koe;J bfhoapwf;fk; eilbgWk;. Mwhl;od;

nghJ ,lk;bgWk; bghUl;fs; epiw tpsf;F/ ju;g;ig g[y;/ jpup/ gHk;/

btw;wpiy/ gd;dPu;/ fw;fz;L/ re;jdk;/ ey;byz;bza; KjypadthFk;.

Mwhl;L md;W gf;ju;fSf;F fU";rhe;J bfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J

,aw;ifahf jahupj;jhFk;. gr;ruprp/ F';Fkg;g{/ rt;tuprp/

ey;byz;bza; ,it fye;J bry;yg;gLtjhFk;.

tUl tpHh

rpj;jpiu tpR:

jkpHu; Mz;Lg; gpwg;g[k; rpj;jpiu khjg; gpwg;g[k; ,uz;Lk; xd;nw

jhd;. nfush kf;fs; tpn#r jpdkhft[k;/ Fkup kf;fs; g[j;jhz;L

jpdkhft[k; bfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;. tl ehl;ltUk; Tl rpwg;ghf

bfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;.

Mtzp khj kyu; KGf;F tpHh:

Mtzp khj jp';fs; fpHik kyu; KGf;F tpHh eilbgWk;.

md;W fhiy 5 kzpf;F fzgjp nQhkKk; fhiy 6 kzpf;F ehk

b$aKk; ,iwtDf;F mgpn#f my';fhu rpwg;g[ jPghuhjidAk;

khiy 6.30 kzpf;F eilbgWfpwJ. ,ut[ 7 kzpf;F ,iwtid

kyupdhy; mgpn#fk; bra;tu;. ,jidna kyu; KGf;F tpHh

vd;fpnwhk;.

tpehafu; rJu;j;jp:

,d;W tpehafUf;Fupa ehshFk;. ,e;jpah KGtjpy; ,t;tpHh

bfhz;lhlg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,jdhy; tpehafUf;F rpwg;g[ g{i$fs;

25
bra;ag;gLfpwJ. tHf;fk; nghy; eiljpwf;fg;gl;L g{i$fs;

eilbgWfpd;wd. ientj;jpak;/ mg;gk;/ ru;f;fiug; bgh';fy;/

bfhGf;fl;il/ mty;/ bghup/ fliy ,it gilj;J g{i$

bra;ag;gLfpwJ. fzgjp g{i$ md;W kz;zhy; bra;j fzgjp

rpiyapy; Mw;wpnyh/ Fsj;jpnyh fiuf;Fk; epfH;r;rp eilbgw;W

tUfpwJ.

jpUf;fhu;j;jpif:

fhu;j;jpif jpUehs; vd;gJ jPgj; jpUehshFk;. fhu;j;jpif

khjj;jpy; tUk; fhu;j;jpif el;rj;jpuj;jpny ,t;tpHh v';Fk;

bfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. E}w;W fzf;fhd tpsf;Ffshy; nfhtpYk;

mt;t{Uk; my';fupf;fg;gl;L ,iwtid beUg;gpd; thapyhf

tz';Ffpwhu;fs;. jpUf;fhu;j;jpifapd; Ke;ija ehspy; cw;rt

\u;j;jpia thfdj;jpy; Vw;wpr; Rw;wp gpd;g[ nfhtpypd; tyJ gf;fk;

brhf;fghid bfhSj;jg;gLk;. nfhtpy; vupa{l;o xsp totpy; <rid

tz';Ftnj brhf;fghid vd nghw;wg; bgWtJk; cld; itj;J

fUjj;jf;fJ MFk;.

fpHf;F Kf juprdk; :

jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu; kfhnjtu; vdt[k; miHf;fg;gl;lhu;.

jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu; fpHf;F Kf juprdk; jUfpwhu;. Mdhy;

,e;j Myaj;jpw;F fpHf;F gf;fk; thapy; ,y;iy. fpHf;F thapy;

,y;yhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhd fhuzj;ij rpy fu;zg; guk;giu fijfs;

\yk; mwpayhk;. jpUtpilf;nfhL Myak; Kjypy; fpHf;F ;thapiy

bgw;W ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j Myaj;jpd; kjpiy mLj;J tPjp ,Ue;jJ.

26
me;jzu; FoapUg;g[fs; Rl;l br';fw;fshYk; fU';fw;fspdhYk;

jpl;lkpl;Lk; mHfhft[k; ,Ue;jJ. me;ehspy; kfhnjtu; Miz kPJ jpU

Rw;W tUtJ tHf;fkhFk;. me;j mstpw;F Vuhskhd brhj;Jf;fs;

cs;sJ. me;ehspy; kfhnjtu; Myaj;jpy; gzpg[upe;j me;jzu;fspy;

rpyu; kfhnjtUf;F bgUk; jPr;bray;fis ,iHj;jduhk;. rpdk;

bfhz;l kfhnjtu; jpUr;Rw;W tUk; ahidf;F kjk; gpof;f bra;J

fpHf;F thry; tHpahf btspnaw;wp m';F mike;jpUe;j me;jzu;

FoapUg;g[fis jhf;fp mHpf;f bra;jhuhk;. ,jdhy; gpuhkzu;

FLk;g';fs; gy ,d;dYf;F cs;shdJ. gpd; kfhnjtu; murdpd;

fdtpy; njhd;wp ciuf;f/ kd;dDk; kfhnjtu; cj;jut[f;F fl;Lg;gl;L

ahid Rkf;f ntz;oa kfhnjtiu me;jzu;fis itj;nj Rkf;f

Miz gpwg;gpj;ghuhk;. mJ Kjy; jpUtpilf;nfhL cw;rt \u;j;jpia

me;jzu;fns Rkg;gJ tHf;fkhFk;. vt;thwhapDk; fpHf;F thapy;

,y;yhj fpHf;F Kf juprdk; jUk; mg{u;t ehs; rilag;gu; nfhapy;

MFk;.

27
 gFjp - V

Mya tHpghl;od; mtrpak;

Mya tHpghl;od; mtrpaKk;/ fy;btl;L jUk; jfty;fSk; :

Mz;ltd; v';Fk; epiwe;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;W mtidf;fz;L

brhd;d bgupnahu;fns mtDf;F Myak; fl;o tHpgl;lhu;fs;. gRtpd;

clby';Fk; ghyk;rk; epiwe;jJ ,Ue;jhYk;/ gRtpd; kL tHpahf jhd;

ekf;F ghy; fpilf;fpwJ. ,iwtd; mUshy; ekf;F fy;tp/ bry;tk;/

re;jjp vy;yhk; fpilf;Fk;. Myaj;jpDs; bry;tjw;F

cs;sj;J}a;ika[k;/ cliya[k; J}a;ikahf itj;jpUg;gJ mtrpak;.

Myaj;jpDs; cyfpay; ngr;R xypf;ff;TlhJ. cuj;Jg;ngrp mLj;jtu;

tHpghl;ow;F ,il";ry; bra;af;TlhJ. tHpghL Koj;J nfhtpiy

tpl;L btspnaWk; Kd; tPH;e;J tz';f ntz;Lk;. gpd;du; ,uz;L

epkpl';fshtJ tlf;F Kfkhf mku;e;J nfhtpypDs; fz;l

Mz;ltdpd; jpUt[Uit kdJs; epWj;jp jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lk;.

,iw tHpghl;ow;fhd fdpfs; :

kh/ gyh/ thiH/ khJis/ md;dhrp/tpy;tk;/ vYkpr;rk; gHk;

Mfpa gH';fs; ,iwtDf;Fg;gilf;fj; jFe;jitahFk;.

khk;gHk; Kf;fdpfspy; xd;W. khkuj;ij Njk;/ bfhf;F vd;w

ntW bgau;fshYk; brhy;tu;. gyh ,Jt[k; Kf;fdpfspy; xd;W. ,ij

rf;if gHk; vd;Wk; miHg;gu;. khJis ,iw tHpghl;ow;F rpwe;jJ.

Mz;ltDf;F gilf;f cjt[k; gH';fSs; md;dhrpa[k; xd;W. tpy;tk;

rptd; nfhtpypy; epw;f;f ntz;oa ku';fSs; xd;W. rpt bgUkhdpd; g{j

fz';fspd; ciwtplKk; tpy;tnk. vYkpr;rk;gHk; mWgJ tiffs;

28
cs;sd. ,Jt[k; ,iw tHpghl;ow;F cfe;jJ. thiHf;fdpa[k;

Kf;fdpfspy; xd;W mndf tiffs; cilaJ. Mdhy; fjsp vd;w xU

jdp ,dk; ekJ khtl;lj;jpYk; nfusj;jpYk; cz;L. ew;fjspia

Iag;g gf;ju;fs; g{i$g; bghUshf tpUk;gp nru;g;gu;. rpt g{i$apy;

itf;fg;gl;l ew;fjspg;gHk; fdpj;jhYk; rpwe;jJ.

nfhtpypd; rpwg;g[ mk;r';fs; :

jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu; nfhtpy; fpHf;F nehf;fp

mike;jhYk; nfhtpy; Kfg;g[ tlf;nf jhd; cs;sJ. tlf;nf

fhzg;gLk; thapy; tHpna jhd; nfhtpypd; cs;ns bry;y ntz;Lk;.

fUtiwapd; neuhf thapy; ,y;iy. ,J ,f;nfhtpypd; rpwg;g[

mk;rkhFk;. nfhtpypd; fpHf;nf xU Fsk; cs;sJ. Fsj;jpd; fpHf;nf

tay;fSk;/ njhl;l';fSk;/ kiyfSk; fhl;rp jUfpd;wd. btsp

gpufhuj;jpy; My;/ muR/ ntk;g[ Mfpa \d;Wk; ,ize;J xnu kukhf

fhl;rp jUfpwJ. ,e;j kuj;jpd; moapy; tpehafu;/ ehfu; rpiyfs; NH

mike;Js;sJ. ,f;nfhtpypy; rptd; tpehafu;/ rh!;jh \d;W

bja;t';fs; cs;sd.

,f;nfhapypd; ntbwhU rpwg;g[ mk;rk; vd;dbtd;why; RrPe;jpuk;

khu;fHp njnuhl;l tpHhtd;W MSupypUe;J ,!;yhkpa rkaj;ij

rhu;e;j xUtu; jhnd bea;J Koj;j xU guptl;lj;ij ghiwaoapYs;s

xU gf;juplk; bfhLf;f mtu; mjid nfhapYf;F fhzpf;ifahf

bfhLf;Fk; tHf;fk; ,d;Wk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. ,jw;f;F xU fij

TWtu;. jpUtpilf;nfhL nfhtpiy Rw;wp jpdKk; tyk;te;J

bfhz;oUe;j xU fhisia xUtu; gpoj;J itf;f kw;bwhUtu;

29
fj;jpiaj; jPl;odhu; vd;Wk; Twg;gLfpwJ. mt;thW jPl;oa fy;ypny

,uj;jk; Mwhf XoaJ vd;Wk; mnj neuj;jpy; gpoj;J itj;jpUe;j

fhisa[k; kiwe;J tpl;lJ vd;Wk; TWfpd;wdu;.

nfhtpy; fy;btl;Lfs; :

Fkup khtl;l gFjpapy; jpUtpjh';Tu; khepyj;jpy; ,Ue;j nghJ

jpUutpjh';Tu; muR bjhy; bghUs; Ma;t[j;Jiwapy; jpUtpilf;nfhL

Myaj;jpy; cs;s 27 fy;btl;Lfis g[Jg;gpj;jdu;. mtw;Ws; ehd;F

fy;btl;Lfs; tl;;blGj;jpYk;/ xU fy;btl;L kiyahsj;jpYk;/ gpw

fy;btl;Lfs; jkpHpYk; brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jha; jkpHfj;Jld;

,ize;j gpwF jkpH;ehL muR bjhy;bghUs; Ma;t[j;Jiwapdu; ,e;j

Myaj;jpYs;s 22 fy;btl;Lfisg; gjpt[ bra;J cs;sdu;. nkYk;

tl;blGj;jhy; brJf;fg;gl;l ehd;F fy;btl;Lfs; jpUtpilf;nfhL

rilag;gu; nfhtpypy; btspg;gpufhuj;jpy; cs;sJ.

fy;btl;L jUk; jfty;fs; :

,f;nfhtpypy; fpilj;Js;s fy;btl;Lfspy; gHikahdJ. [Link].

869-y; Ma; Fy kd;dd; nfhf;fUj;jl';fs; fhyj;jpy;

brJf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,k;kd;dd; [Link]. 857 Kjy; 885 tiu ,g;gFjpia

Mz;L te;jhd; vd;gJ tuyhW. md;iwa Ma; ehl;od; jiyefuhf

jpUtpilf;nfhL ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. tuyhw;W Mrpupau;

lhf;lu; [Link]. gps;isatu;fs; KJFsj;J thzpak; g[y;y KUfd;

vd;ghd; jpUtpilf;nfhL kfhnjtu;f;F jpUee;jhtpsf;F vupg;gjw;F

bea; mspg;gjw;fhf 25 gRf;fs; jhdkhf mspf;fg;gl;l jftiy ,e;j

gHikahd fy;btl;L Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,nj kd;du; fhyj;jpy; [Link].877-y;

30
brJf;fg;gl;l ntbwhU fy;btl;L \ytUf;F ehs;njhWk; cHf;F bea;

mspf;f bra;j Vw;ghLfs; gw;wpa jfty;fisf; TWfpd;wJ.

[Link]. gj;jhk; E}w;whz;il rhu;e;j xU fy;btl;L xkha ehl;L

miuadpd; epidthf me;ehl;od; jiytdhd Cu; ntshz; vd;ghd;;

jpU ee;jh tpsf;fpw;F epyk; tpl;L bfhLj;j jftiy bjuptpf;fpwJ.

,e;j xkah ehl;il nfhf;fUee;j';fs; fhyj;J brg;ngL xd;W

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. kd;dd; [Link]. 866-y; K";rpiwia mLj;Js;s ghu;j;jp

nrfug[uj;jpy; xU bgUkhs; Myak; vGg;gp mjd; mUnf xU gy;fiy

fHfj;ija[k; epWtpdhd; vd;W mupanjhu; jftiy mr;brg;ngL

bjuptpf;fpd;wJ. [Link]. 13-k; E}w;whz;oy; brJf;fg;gl;l xU fy;btl;L tPu

ghz;oa Foahd; ntshz; vd;ghd \tUf;F jpdKk; jpU My;

mkpu;jk; gilg;gjw;F fl;okh';nfhl;oy; epyk; mspj;j jftiy

TWfpd;wJ. nkYk; tl;blGj;jhy; brJf;fg;gl;l ,e;j ehd;F

fy;btl;LfSk; nfhtpy; btspg;gpufhuj;jpy; bjw;Fg; gFjpapy;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j fy;btl;Lfs; ghiwapYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,g;ghiwapy; brJf;fg;glLs;s ntbwhU fy;btl;L gz;ila

kiyahs vGj;jpy; brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Fkup khtl;lj;jpy; kspif

rhkhd;fis ;bt";rdk; vd;W TWtu;. ,e;J bt";rdk; vd;w brhy;iy

mnj bghUspy; ,g;ghiwapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. [Link].12-k; E}w;whz;L

jkpH; fy;btl;L xd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

,f;nfhtpy; J}z;fspy; ,uhkd; njtd;/ nfusj;J rug;gs;sp

kUjd;ehfd; nfusd; ma;ag;gd;/ ghwr;rhiy ehfd; Fl;lk';fyk;

fhkd; fpUl;odd;/ ,f;nfhtpypd; gy J}z;fis epWtpdu;. ,tu;fsJ

bgau;fs; J}z;fspny jdpj;jdpna brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. xU J}zpy;

Cu; kf;fSk; \ytiu rilag;gu; vd;nw miHf;fpd;wdu;. [Link]. 1727-y;

brJf;fg;gl;l xU jkpH; fy;btl;L ,uhruhrd; bjd;dhl;L FWehl;il

rhu;e;j foif gl;lzj;jpy; cs;s kzthsf; Fwpr;rpapy; thH;e;j

fzf;F bgUkhs; fz;ld; vd;ghd; ,f;nfhtpypy; Jthjrpad;W 54

gpuhkzu;fSf;F cztspg;gjw;F epyk; tH';fpajhf fy;btl;L

bjuptpf;fpwJ. ,f;fy;btl;Lfs; jUk; jfty;fspypUe;J [Link].1818-y;

Mz;L tiu jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu;; Myak; rpwg;g[ld; jpfH;e;jJ

vd;Wk; ehl;od; gy;ntW gFjp kf;fs; ,f;nfhtpYf;F epyKk; bghUSk;

jhdkhf mspj;J te;jdu; vd;W bjupa tUfpwJ. gz;ila fhyj;jpy;

nfhtpy; jpUg;gzpfis guk;giuahfr; bra;a[k; bgz;fis

njtjhrpfs; vd;W miHg;gu;. mnj nghy fy;Fsk; ePyfz;l Rthkp

nfhtpypy; epakpf;f Mz;fis njtg[j;jpuh vd;W ,f;fy;btl;L

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,J fy;btl;L jUk; jfty;fs; MFk;.

eh";rpy; ehl;oy; xu; mg{u;t Myak; :

mHfhd kiy gRikna mjd; nghu;it nfhil fhyj;jpYk;

jtwhj jhfk; jPu;f;Fk; ePu;r;Ridfs;/ rpw;nwhilfs; gRikahd

tay;btspfs;/ thiH/ bjd;id/ ghf;F njhl;l';fs;/ njhg;g[fs;

,tw;iw jd;dfj;nj bfhz;lJ jhd; eh";rpy; ehL. mjhtJ ,d;iwa

Fkup khtl;lk; rptid Kjy; Kjypy; tHpgl;ltu;fs; eh";rpy; ehl;L

kf;fns Mthu;. bjd;dhUila rptnd nghw;wp vd;W khzpf;fthrfu;

Fwpg;gpLk; bjd;dhL vd;gJ eh";rpy; ehnl MFk;.

32
 jpUtpilf;nfhL kfhnjtu; Myak; eh";rpy; ehl;oy; njhd;wpa

Kjy; rpthyak; 25 tUl';fSf;F Kd;du; tiu jpUtpHh ehl;fs;

my;yJ/ kw;w ehl;fspy; Tl Myaj;jpw;F tUnthupd; vz;zpf;if

mjpfk; ,Ue;jJ. jw;nghJ epiyik khwptpl;lJ. jpUtpHh ehl;fspy;

Tl kf;fs; Tl;lk; nghjpa mst[ ,y;yhj mty epiy cs;sJ.

eh";rpy;; ehl;L jpUj;jy';fspy; cs;s Mya';fSf;bfy;yhk;

md;whlr; bryt[fSf;F jpUtpilf;nfhL kfhnjtu; Myaj;jpy;

,Ue;nj epjp ngha;f; bfhz;oUe;jJ. ,d;W kw;w Mya';fspy; ,Ue;J

epjp th';Fk; epiyf;F jhH;e;J tpl;lJ. kpft[k; tWikapy; cs;sJ

ek;ik tUj;j itf;fpwJ.

33
 Fk;ghgpn#f tpHh miHg;gpjH;

ekrptha

kQhnjtu; gf;jp nguit elj;Jk;

jpUtpilf;nfhL

mUs;kpF kQhnjtu; (rilag;gu;)

Mya (9 tJ rpthyak;)

m#;l ge;jd kQh Fk;ghgpn#f tpHh

rptjykhk; gd;dpbuz;oYk;

Etj;jykha; g[fH; gug;g[k; ---

jpU ,ilf;nfhl;oy; mku;e;jf;nfhnt

rilag;g bgUkhnd nghw;wp

34
Kot[iu:

Fkup khtl;lj;jpy; tpy;Yf;Fwp nkk;ghyj;jpy; fpHf;F jpirapy;

Rkhu; miu fpnyh kPl;lu; bjhiytpy; jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu;

nfhtpy; mike;Js;sJ. rilag;gu; fpHf;FKf juprdk; jUfpwhu;.

Mdhy; ,e;j Myaj;jpw;F fpHf;F gf;fk; thapy; cs;sJ.

jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu; Myak; Fkup khtl;lj;jpy; xd;gjhtJ

Myak; MFk;. rptuhj;jpupad;W gf;ju;fs; mjpfkhf rilag;gu;

Myaj;jpw;F bry;thu;fs;.

rilad; rk;ge;jg;gl;l epfH;r;rpapd; mog;gilapy; nfhtpy;

vGg;gg;gl;ljhy; me;j nfhtpYf;F rilag;gu; nfhtpy; vd bgau;

bgw;wJ. rilag;gu; nfhtpy; jkpH; khj';fspy; Kjy; jp';fs; jpU

tpsf;F g{i$ eilbgWk;. khjkpU Kiw tsu;gpiw nja;gpiw Mfpa

,uz;L fhy';fspy; rilag;gu; nfhtpy; gpunjh#k; eilbgWk;.

rilag;gu; nfhtpy; murh';fj;jpd; cjtp ,y;yhky;

eilg;bgWfpwJ. nrth r';fKk; bghJ kf;fspd; cjtpa[ld;

eilg;bgWfpwJ. rilag;gu; nfhtpypd; Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;fhf nrth

r';fk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; jiytu; kzpfz;ld;. rpj;jpiu khjk;

bfhonawp gj;J ehl;fs; eilbgWfpwJ. gj;J ehl;fSk; me;j Cupy;

cs;s kf;fs; btspCu;fspy; j';ff;TlhJ. jpUtpHhf;fspy; rka

fUj;ju';fSk; tpisahl;L nghl;ofSk; fiy epfH;r;rpfSk;

eilbgWk;. rilag;gu; nfhtpypd; mUfpy; tay; gFjpapd; eLtpd;

tpehafu; rpiyfs; mike;Js;sJ. ,f;nfhtpy; fhiy 6 kzpf;F eil

jpwe;J 8.30 kzp tiu nfhtpy; milf;fg;gLfpwJ. khiy 5 kzpf;F

35
eiljpwe;J 7 kzpf;F nfhtpy; eil milf;fg;gLfpwJ. gpunjh#

ehsd;W khiy 4 kzpf;F eil jpwf;fg;gl;L rilag;gUf;F tpnr#

g{i$fs; eilbgWfpwJ. rptid Kjypy; tHpgl;ltu;fs; eh";rpy;

ehl;L kf;fns Mthu;. jpUtpilf;nfhL rilag;gu; nfhtpypy; g{i$

bra;a[k; gpuhkzupd; bgau; fpU#:z \u;j;jp. rhjpf;F mg;ghw;gl;ltu;

rilag;gu;. fUtiwapd; neuhf thapy; ,y;iy. ,J ,f;nfhtpypd;

rpwg;g[ mk;rkhFk;. ,f;nfhtpypy; rptd;/ tpehafu;/ rh!;jh vd \d;W

bja;t';fs; cs;sd.

36
 Jiz E}y;fs;

1. jpU. mde;jfpU#;zd; - Fk;ghgpn#f

jpUtpilf;nfhL tpHhkyu; 25-02-2024

2. Fkup Fkhu; - jpUtpilf;nfhL Cu;

Xu; fz;nzhl;lk;

gjpg;g[ $dtup 2002

3. jpdkyu; (ehspjH;) - 15-02-2020

4. jpdj;je;jp - 18-02-2023

5. [Link];ijah gps;is - ,e;J rka tuyhW

6. nfhtpe;jd; - gupghly;

7. bre;JiwKj;J - jpU nfhapy;fSk; tHpghLfSk;

37