1. The book hit the ground first.
2. The surface area of the paper hitting the air causes it to move sideways.
3. In activity 2 the crumpled paper has less surface area that’s why the book and the paper
fell the same rate, in activity 3 the paper didn’t interact with any air causing it to stay on
top of the book.
4. Galileo, because in activity 2 the book is much heavier than the crumpled paper, but they
still fall at the same rate regardless of the books mass.
Activity 1.3 Table Summary
ARISTOTELIAN DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Horizontal Motion According to Aristotle, objects in Imagine a toy car rolling along
horizontal motion require a a straight, flat road. As long as
continuous force to keep them an external force, such as a
in motion due to the natural push or pull, is applied to the
state of rest. car, it continues to move
horizontally. However, once the
force is removed, the car
eventually slows down due to
the presence of friction and
eventually comes to a stop.
Vertical Motion Aristotle believed that objects in Consider a ball being dropped
vertical motion naturally move from a certain height. As the
toward their natural resting ball is released, it accelerates
place, which is determined by downward due to the force of
their composition. For instance, gravity. The speed of the ball
heavier objects tend to fall increases until it reaches its
faster than lighter objects. maximum velocity, known as
the terminal velocity.
Eventually, the ball reaches
the ground, coming to rest.
Projectile Motion According to Aristotle, objects in Picture a person throwing a
projectile motion follow a ball at an angle into the air.
parabolic path. The horizontal The ball experiences horizontal
component of projectile motion motion due to the initial force
remains constant, while the applied by the thrower.
vertical component is influenced Simultaneously, gravity acts
by gravity. upon the ball, causing it to
follow a curved path known as
a parabola. The ball eventually
returns to the ground, forming
a projectile trajectory.
GALILEAN DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Horizontal Motion Galileo's understanding of Consider a hockey puck sliding
horizontal motion was based on along a frictionless ice surface.
the concept of inertia, which Once the puck is set in motion
states that an object in motion with an initial force, it would
tends to stay in motion unless continue moving horizontally
acted upon by an external force. at a constant velocity due to
Galileo proposed that objects in its inertia.
horizontal motion, in the
absence of external forces like
friction, would continue moving
indefinitely at a constant
velocity.
Vertical Motion Galileo's understanding of Imagine dropping a feather
vertical motion built upon the and a stone from the same
concept of free fall. He height. Due to the negligible
discovered that in the absence effects of air resistance, both
of air resistance, all objects near objects would fall with the
the surface of the Earth same acceleration. Although
experience the same the stone is much heavier than
acceleration due to gravity, the feather, they would hit the
regardless of their mass. ground simultaneously,
demonstrating Galileo's
understanding of uniform
acceleration in free fall.
Projectile Motion Galileo's study of projectile Suppose a baseball is thrown
motion expanded our at an angle. The horizontal
understanding of objects component of the ball's
launched into the air. He velocity remains constant
demonstrated that the throughout its motion, as no
horizontal and vertical external forces act upon it
horizontally. Simultaneously,
components of motion are
gravity acts upon the ball,
independent of each other.
causing it to follow a curved
While the horizontal component path. The ball's trajectory
remains constant, the vertical forms a parabolic shape until it
component is influenced by lands on the ground.
gravity, resulting in a parabolic
trajectory.
true
true
Flase
true
true
true
true
False
True
True
false
false
true
false
true
they both hit the ground at the same time.
Both coins fall from the same height and begin falling at the same line.
Even, the coin B thrown horizontally while the coin A dropped. always
remember the coin's vertical motion knows nothing about its horizontal motion.
and gravity doesn't care either way.