Sample Topic

“The Positive Impact of the Vocabulary Skills to the Academic Performance in English Related
Subjects of the Grade 11 Students”
Theoretical Background
How to search for theories:
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(Find the theoretical background on study)
Theoretical Background
This study is based on the (main theory) by author (year) and the (secondary theory) by
Author (year)
The _____________ theory
The _______________ theory states that __________________________ . It is related to the
study for ___________________________.
The ____________ theory
The _______________ theory states that __________________________ . It is related to the
study for ___________________________.

Sample theoretical background

Theoretical Background
This study is based on the Psycholinguistic Perspective by Noam Chomsky and

The Schema Theory by David Rumelhart.

Psycholinguistic Theory by Noam Chomsky (1957)

This theory, as applied by Moody et al (2018), emphasizes the mental processes

involved in language acquisition and comprehension. Chomsky's concept of the innate

ability to acquire language underlines the role of vocabulary as a fundamental building

block of linguistic competence. For Grade 11 students, who are at a critical stage in their
academic development, vocabulary skills play a central role in shaping their academic

performance, especially in English-related subjects. The ability to comprehend reading

materials, engage in complex discussions, and produce written or verbal analyses is

highly dependent on the vocabulary students have acquired. Moody et al. (2018) build

upon Chomsky’s theory by exploring how vocabulary mastery boosts cognitive abilities

such as attention and memory, which are necessary for understanding texts, making

inferences, and constructing well-formed arguments in English-related subjects.

Red text: is the part where it is defined by the author of the theory. It should be

paraphrased.

Black Text is the part where it is your own input that relates the theory to the current

topic
 (THEORIES)

(TITLE)

(OUTPUT)
It can be intervention plan,
recommendation, or action plan

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework

Statement of the Problem

Introduction

1. Profile of the Study

This describes the demographic or characteristic details of the participants in the study. The
profile helps contextualize the findings and assess their generalizability.

2. Data that needs to be collected from respondents (at least 2 numbers)

This specifies the type of information the study will gather from participants to answer the
research questions.
a. Dependent Variable (affected by the independent: Example (grades)
b. Independent Variable (affects the dependent variable: Example (emotions)

3. Statistical Treatment
This explains how the data will be analyzed to draw meaningful conclusions. It includes statistical
tests and methods used to summarize and interpret the data.

4. Output of the Study

The output outlines the expected results or contributions of the research. It may include
findings, recommendations, or solutions to the identified problem.
Sample

Statement of the Problem

The main aim of this research find-out whether the academic skill affected by the

vocabulary skills of the Grade 11 Students.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Academic track (e.g., STEM, HUMSS, ABM)

2. What are the levels of vocabulary skills of the Grade 11 students?

3. What is the academic performance of students in English related subjects (Oral

communication and 21st Century Literature)?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the academic performance related to

English and the level of vocabulary skills of the Grade 11 Students?

5. Based on the findings of the study, what output can be proposed?

Hypothesis

This is found on your number 4 Statement of the Problem or this is the question for your
statistical treatment.

Sample

From:
Is there a significant relationship between the academic performance related to English
and the level of vocabulary skills of the Grade 11 Students?
To

Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the academic performance

related to English and the level of vocabulary skills of the Grade 11 Students.

Ha: There is a significant relationship between the academic performance related

to English and the level of vocabulary skills of the Grade 11 Students.

Significance of the Study - This is the part of the study where you will state what

benefits the following sectors. These are DepEd Officials, School Administrators,

Teachers, Students, Parents, and Researchers.

Significance of the Study

This study was deemed beneficial to the following:

DepEd Officials. (your input for its benefits)

School Administrators. (your input for its benefits)

Teachers. (your input for its benefits)

Students. (your input for its benefits)

Future Researchers. (your input for its benefits)

______________________________________________________________________

Significance of the Study (Sample)

This study was deemed beneficial to the following:

DepEd Officials. The results will guide curriculum developers and policymakers

in crafting effective language programs that prioritize vocabulary-building strategies,

aligning with the goals of the K-12 curriculum to develop globally competitive learners.

School Administrators. This research will help administrators design and

implement school-based initiatives, workshops, and programs that support vocabulary

enhancement, thereby improving students’ overall performance in English-related

subjects.

Teachers. Educators can utilize the findings to adopt innovative teaching

strategies and materials aimed at enriching students' vocabulary skills. This will not only

improve comprehension and communication but also foster better academic outcomes.

Students. Grade 11 students will directly benefit from the study by understanding

the importance of vocabulary in their academic success, motivating them to engage in

activities that build their language proficiency and confidence.

Parents. Parents can use the findings to support their children’s learning by

encouraging reading habits and providing resources that enhance vocabulary at home,

thus contributing to their academic growth.

Future Researchers. The study will serve as a reference point for future

research, paving the way for further exploration of vocabulary development and its

correlation with academic performance in various contexts and grade levels.

Research Methodology – Part of the research where it states what is used in the

research

Research Design - is the overall strategy or blueprint for conducting a research study.

It outlines how the research problem will be addressed, including the methods for data

collection, analysis, and interpretation.

- Your research can be:

Descriptive Research Design - To describe characteristics of a population,

phenomenon, or situation.

Correlational Research Design - To identify and measure the relationship between

two or more variables.

Research Environment – Location of the study was conducted

Research Instrument – The medium or the instrument that was used to collect data.

Researcher should find existing questionnaires that can be used for your study.

 Survey Questionnaires
 Interviews
 Observation Checklists
 Test Questionnaire

Flow of the Study - is the organized sequence of steps and sections that a research

project follows to ensure coherence, clarity, and systematic progression.

Research Respondents - are the individuals, groups, or entities that provide the data

required for the research. These are the participants selected from the population under

study who contribute information through interviews, surveys, experiments, or other

data collection methods.

Use slovins formula to extract sample size if needed. n = N / (1 + N (e2) )

For stratified random sampling: You will get the strata by using the sample

proportion. Sample Proportion = (n/N)100

For Systematic Sampling: Find the interval  k = n/N

Non probability Sampling

1. Convenience Sampling

Definition: Selecting participants who are easiest to access or contact.

Use Cases: Quick data collection when resources are limited.

Example: Distributing surveys to students in a nearby college.

2. Purposive Sampling (Judgmental Sampling)

Definition: Choosing participants based on specific characteristics or criteria that align

with the research objective.

Use Cases: Studies targeting specific groups or traits.

Example: Selecting only healthcare workers to study the impact of long shifts.

3. Snowball Sampling

Definition: Asking initial participants to refer others in their network who meet the study

criteria.

Use Cases: Hard-to-reach or hidden populations.

Example: Researching experiences of former gang members by starting with a known

contact and expanding through their referrals.

4. Quota Sampling

Definition: Dividing the population into subgroups and ensuring a specified number

(quota) of pa1rticipants from each subgroup.

Use Cases: Ensuring representation of different demographics or traits.

Example: Surveying 50 men and 50 women to explore gender differences in shopping

habits

Data Gathering Procedure – describe how the researchers how the data or what

methods used to collect data.

Scoring Procedure – how you use the data and assign scores for each data.

Using the Likert Scale

[Link]

Statistical Treatment
Descriptive Statistics

Used to summarize and describe data characteristics.

Mean (Average): Central value of a dataset.

Median: Middle value when data are arranged in order.

Mode: Most frequently occurring value.

Range: Difference between the highest and lowest values.

Variance and Standard Deviation: Measures the spread of data around the mean.

Frequency Distribution: Shows how often each value occurs.

Inferential Statistics

Used to draw conclusions about a population based on a sample.

Parametric Tests

Require data to meet assumptions like normal distribution and homogeneity of variance.

T-Test

Independent Samples T-Test: Compares means between two independent groups.

Example: Comparing vocabulary scores of male and female students.

Paired Samples T-Test: Compares means within the same group at two time points.

Example: Pre-test vs. post-test vocabulary scores.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

One-Way ANOVA: Compares means across three or more independent groups.

Example: Comparing vocabulary skills across different grade sections.

Repeated Measures ANOVA: Compares means across multiple time points or conditions for the same
group.

Pearson’s Correlation: Measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two continuous
variables.

Example: Relationship between vocabulary skills and academic performance.

Regression Analysis: Explores predictive relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Example: Predicting academic performance based on vocabulary skills.

Non-Parametric Tests

Used when parametric assumptions are not met.

Mann-Whitney U Test: Compares differences between two independent groups.

Kruskal-Wallis Test: Compares differences across three or more groups.

Spearman’s Rank Correlation: Assesses the relationship between two variables.

Definition of Terms – This part is where you clarify and/or define uncommon words to

clear up and how does this word is used in the study.

Sample

Research Methodology

This part includes the research methods used, instruments, environment, flow of

the study, respondents, scoring procedure, and data gathering procedure.

Research Design

This study used correlational research design for it focuses in finding the

connection between the vocabulary skills and the academic performance of the

respondents.

Research Environment

This research will be (for proposal) carried out at La Libertad Technical-

Vocational School - Senior High Campus which is in North Poblacion which is a

barangay of La Libertad. La Libertad is one of the municipalities of Negros Oriental. It is

located 115.8 km from the capital city Dumaguete city. La Libertad has twenty-seven

(27) elementary schools, 2 public high schools and 1 private high school. The

researchers conducted the study at La Libertad Technical-Vocational School – Senior

High School specifically the grade 11 students.

Figure 2. Map of the Study

Research Instrument

Flow of the Study

This study used the Input-Process-Output model.

Input includes the profile of the respondents, in-terms of age and sex, level of

vocabulary skill, academic skills of the students in English related subjects.

Process. The data will be gathered, tabulated, computed, analyzed and

interpreted.

Output. It will be evidence-based recommendation for the research.

1. Profile of the

respondents in terms of:

EVIDENCE-BASED RECOMMENDATION
1.1 Age After the approval of the

transmittal letter for data

1.2 Gender
gathering.
1.3 Academic

track (e.g., STEM,

Data will be :
HUMSS, ABM)
Gathered
2. Level of Vocabulary
Tabulated
Skills
Analyzed
3. Academic

Performance of Interpreted

Students in English Evaluated

Related Topics

Figure 3. Flow of the Study

Research Respondents

The researchers will be using the Sloven’s Formula to get the sample size that

will be using in the study. The researchers will also use systematic sampling under

probability sampling. This method of selection gives an equal chance to the students to

be chosen as a respondent for the study.

Table 1

Respondents of the Study

Respondents Population Sample Frequency Percentage

ABM 11 –
33
MACABINGUEL

AUTOMOTIVE 11 -
47
TIMTIM

CAREGIVING 11 -
34
DEGUIT

HUMSS 11 – AMPIL 37

HUMSS 11 – CAMUS 37

HUMSS 11 –
37
DAGANGAN

HUMSS 11 –
36
GANTALAO

HUMSS 11 – LIBOON 33

SMAW / EIM 11 - 37
 BERNADEZ

STEM 11 -
45
BERNADEZ

Total 376 194

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will ask permission from the Teacher-in-Charge of La Libertad

Technical-Vocational School Senior High School Department to conduct the study.

Approval will be sent to the school head of the said school.

Scoring Procedure

The researchers will be using a Likert Scale in measuring the level of vocabulary

skills in terms of the scores the respondents will get in the vocabulary

Statistical Treatment

1. To know the profile of the respondents, frequency count and percentage formula

will be used.

2. To know the level of vocabulary skills om

3. To know the respondents’ level of academic performance, frequency count and

percentage will be used.

4. To measure the significant relationship between vocabulary skills and the

academic performance, Spearman’s Rho was used.

Definition of Terms
 Vocabulary. This is the collection of words in a language or known by an

individual. It's important for communication and reading comprehension.

Vocabulary Skill. This is the ability to acquire and use new words.

Academic Performance.