Chapter 5: Reactivity
5.1 Reactivity and displacement reactions
Reactivity Series:
Most Reactive
Please Potassium
Send Sodium
Charlie’s Calcium
Monkey Magnesium
And Aluminum
Careless Carbon
Zebra Zinc
Into Iron
The Tin
Lead Lead
How Hydrogen
Copper Copper
Silver Silver
Gold Gold
Less Reactive
Displacement reaction: a reaction in which a more reactive
metal displace a less reactive one from a compound.
Example :
Copper sulfate + iron iron sulfate + copper
CuSO4 + Fe FeSO4 Cu
5.2 Using the reactivity series and displacement reaction
(EXTENSION MATERIAL)
Thermite reaction: - exothermic reaction
- temperature is so high that iron
is produced molten molten (liquid state)
- mostly used to join the rails
together.
Ores – an ores is a rock that contains a metal compound.
5.3 Salts
Salt making:
- metal + acid salt + hydrogen
Example: zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride +
hydrogen
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2
+ H2
Type of acid: Sulfuric acid(H2SO4), Nitric acid(HNO4),
Hydrochloric acid(HCl)
- metal oxide + acid salt + water
Example: copper oxide + sulfuric acid Copper sulfate +
water
CuO + H 2SO4 CuSO4
+ H 2O
Reason: The reason making salts using a metal oxide is
because some metals will not react with acids to make
salts. For example, silver and copper are too unreactive to
displace hydrogen from acid.0
- alkali + acid salt + water
- carbonate + acid salt + water + carbon dioxide
Other reaction:
- metal + oxygen metal oxide
- metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Glossary:
- Corrosive: able to destroy solid materials by a chemical
reaction.
5.4 Other ways of making salts
Metal carbonates and acids:
- acid + carbonate salt + water + carbon dioxide
Example: sulfuric acid + calcium carbonate calcium sulfate + water +
carbon dioxide
H2SO4 + CaCO3 CaSO4 +
H2O + CO2
Forming salts by neutralization:
- acid + alkali salt + water
Example: hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride
+ water
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H 2O
Alkali and bases:
- When metal oxide dissolves in water, it form alkali
solution.
- Metal oxide are called bases.
Example : Sodium oxide + water sodium hydroxide
Base alkali
5.5 Rearranging atoms
In the reaction, example iron and sulfur atom that were there
at the start of the reaction are still there at the end. In a
chemical reaction, no atoms are lost, no new atoms are
produced.
REMEMBER!!: No element that is present in the reactants
disappears from the products; no new element appears in the
products.
Conservation of mass:
- What will happen to the mass in the flask as the reaction
takes place?
Answer: The mass will stay the same because there is a
stopper in the top and no atoms can enter or leave the flask.
- In chemical reactions the elements you begin with are the
ones you end the reaction with, nothing is added or taken
away. So the mass you begin with is the mass you end with.
-This is called the law of conservation of mass
-fyi: Mass cannot be created or destroyed
Mass is the same for reactant and product
Not the result you expect?:
Why the mass appears to decrease?
- because the gas escapes into the air, the flask is open.
Energy and chemical reactions:
- All chemical reactions involve energy
-energy is used to break bonds in the reactants and energy is
released when new bonds are formed in the products.
-Exothermic reaction: Chemical reaction in which energy is
transferred to the environment.
-Endothermic reaction: Chemical reaction in which energy is
transferred from the environment.
Law of conservation of energy: energy cannot be created or
destroyed.
- Energy transferred from one form to another but the same
amount of energy remains after the reaction as before.
Extra notes:
Carbon dioxide test (lime water) become milky/cloudy
More reaction: concentration / surface area / temperature
Oxygen test: glowing splinter
Hydrogen test: lighted splinter