Laplace Transform – Inverse Laplace Transform

general form
𝑎𝑦 ′′ + 𝑏𝑦 ′ + 𝑐𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥

Homogenous Non-Homogenous
𝑓 𝑥 =0 𝑓 𝑥 ≠0
1. Undetermined coefficient method
2. Variation parameters method
3. Laplace transform
1. Introduction
2. Inverse
3. Characteristics
4. Application
If ℒ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐹 𝑠 so ℒ −1 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑓(𝑡)
ℒ −1 is known as the operation of inverse Laplace transform
1
Note: ℒ −1 ≠
ℒ
Example:
𝑠 𝑠
ℒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 = 2 =
𝑠 + 22 𝑠 2 + 4
𝑠
ℒ −1 = cos 2𝑡
𝑠2 + 4
Example
3𝑠 + 1
ℒ −1
𝑠2 − 𝑠 − 6
3𝑠+1
1. Write in form if its partial fraction
𝑠 2 −𝑠−6
2. Refer to Laplace table to get the answer

3𝑠 + 1 3𝑠 + 1 𝐴 𝐵
= = +
𝑠2 − 𝑠 − 6 (𝑆 + 2)(𝑠 − 3) 𝑠 + 2 𝑠 − 3

𝐴 𝐵
3𝑆 + 1 = 𝑆+2 𝑆−3 + 𝑆−3 𝑆+2
𝑠+2 𝑠−3
3𝑆 + 1 = 𝐴 𝑆 − 3 + 𝐵 𝑆 + 2
If 𝑆 = −2 3 −2 + 1 = 𝐴 −2 − 3 + 𝐵(−2 + 2) 1 2
ℒ −1 + 𝑠−3 = 𝑒 2𝑡 + 2𝑒 3𝑡 refer table
−5 = −5𝐴; 𝐴 = 1; 𝐵=2 𝑠+2
The denominator Partial Fraction
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝐴
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) 2 𝐴 𝐴1
+
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏2
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 )2 𝐴1 𝑥 + 𝐵1 𝐴2 𝑥 + 𝐵2
+
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)2
 
L { f (t )}   f (t )e  st dt  F ( s)
0

f (t ) F (s ) f (t ) F (s )

a
H (t  a) e  as
a
s s
n!
t n , n  1, 2, 3,  n 1
f (t  a) H (t  a) e  as F (s )
s
1
eat  (t  a) e  as
sa
a
sin at f (t ) (t  a) e  as f (a)
s a
2 2

s t
cos at
s2  a2 
0
f (u )g (t  u )du F ( s).G( s)

a
sinh at y (t ) Y (s )
s a
2 2

s
cosh at y (t ) sY ( s)  y(0)
s a
2 2

e at f (t ) F ( s  a) y(t ) s 2Y ( s)  sy (0)  y (0)

d n F (s)
t f (t ) , n  1, 2, 3, 
n
(1) n
ds n
Find the inverse Laplace Transform
8
1.
𝑠 3 (𝑠−2)(𝑠+1)
[Link]
 8 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷 𝐸
= + + + +
𝑠 3 (𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 + 1) 𝑠 𝑠 2 𝑠 3 𝑠 − 2 𝑠 + 1
8 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 ) 𝑠 − 2 𝑠 + 1 + 𝐵(𝑠) 𝑠 − 2 𝑠 + 1 + 𝐶 𝑠 − 2 𝑠 + 1 + 𝐷 𝑠 3 𝑠 + 1 + 𝐸(𝑠 3 )(𝑠 − 2)

If 𝑠 = 1
If 𝑠 = 2
8 = −2𝐴 − 2B − 2C + 2D − E
8 = 𝐴 0 + 𝐵 0 + 𝐶 0 + 𝐷 23 3 + 𝐸 0
1 8
8 = 24𝐷 8 = −2𝐴 − 2B − 2 −4 + 2 −
8 1 3 3
𝐷= = 8 − 14 = −2(𝐴 + 𝐵)
24 3
If 𝑠 = −1 −6
=𝐴+𝐵 =3 Eq 1
8 = 𝐴 0 + 𝐵 0 + 𝐶 0 + 𝐷 0 + 𝐸(−1)(−3) −2
8 = 3𝐸 If 𝑠 = −2
8 8 = 16𝐴 − 8𝐵 − 4𝐶 + 8𝐷 + 32𝐸
𝐸= 1 8
3 8 = 16𝐴 − 8𝐵 − 4 −4 + 8 + 32
If 𝑠 = 0 3 3
8 = 𝐴 0 + 𝐵 0 + 𝐶 −2 1 + 𝐷 0 + 𝐸(0) 8 − 104 = 8 2𝐴 − 𝐵
8 = −2𝐶 −12 = 2𝐴 − 𝐵 Eq 2
𝐶 = −4 Eq 1 + Eq 2
3𝐴 = −9: 𝐴 = −3
𝐵=6
 8 −3 6 4 1 1 8 1
= + 2− 3+( ) +( )
𝑠 3 (𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 + 1) 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 3 𝑠−2 3 𝑠+1

2
1 2𝑡 8 −𝑡
= −3 + 6𝑡 − 2𝑡 + 𝑒 + 𝑒
3 3